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优化ZI关系及其在淮河流域面雨量测量中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用合肥新一代天气雷达2003年6—7月观测数据和地面观测的逐时雨量资料，得到分段最优化Z-I关系，在淠河灌区的水源地响洪甸流域和佛子岭流域进行降水测量。结果表明：强降水阶段流域面雨量，优化Z-I关系后得到的流域累积面雨量与雨量计比值从39％提高到73％，同时相关系数从0．78提高到0．8。528小时时间序列上佛子岭流域在优化Z-I关系之后，流域平均面雨量与雨量计的回归线斜率从0．4提高到0．72，lmm·h^-1以上流域平均面雨量累积值与雨量计累积值的比值从48．4％提高到了85．9％。可见，优化Z-I关系后雷达反演值更接近于雨量观测值，同时雷达定量估测流域面雨量的精度得到很大提高。 相似文献
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选用2008、2009和2010年5-10月的云顶亮温、云顶亮温梯度、水汽云图、总云量和云分类等云图资料,雷达基本反射率资料及自动站1h降水量资料,采用BP神经网络建立预报模型、传统Z-I关系及云分类Z-I关系,对距昆明雷达站大于20 km、小于150 km区域里且2008年已建有自动站的18个测站进行3h降水估测研究.通过研究,得到使用BP神经网络建立预报模型估测降水,在与实测降水的误差方面,比使用传统Z-I关系及云分类Z-I关系估测降水略有减小.本研究也是对综合利用卫星和雷达资料估测降水进行尝试. 相似文献
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为提高现有天气雷达产品生成模块中处理系统算法精度、并为其他短时临近预报系统或数值预报模式提供合适的Z-I关系为目的,选择江苏沿江地区作为试验区域,采用分类型最优法建立相应的Z-I关系,并比较分类型最优法与单一Z-I关系对过程雨量和分段雨量的估测能力.结果表明:分类型最优法比单一Z-I关系法明显提高过程雨量估测的精度,梅汛期降水估测精度提高近2.5倍,夏季台风降水估测由低估72％降低至低估45％.对不同雨量段进行估测比较后发现,分类型最优法对强降水雨量段改善较为明显,对雨强＞ 10 mm/h的梅汛期对流云降水和台风降水所有雨量段的雨量估测改善明显.最后在气候统计的基础上,通过改进雷达估测降水产品色标数值等级,以达到优化雷达估测降水产品图像的显示能力. 相似文献
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为提高雷达定量降水反演精度,结合多普勒天气雷达组网拼图资料与地面加密自动站降水观测资料,在利用最优化法建立辽宁本地化动态Z-I关系基础上,进一步优化雷达定量降水反演方案,分别开展了分雷达回波强度等级与分地理区域优化降水Z-I关系研究。结果表明:两种优化方案的定量降水反演评估指标均有所改善,整体而言,优化方案有效降低了雷达定量降水反演误差,降水反演能力得到进一步提高。2013年辽宁抚顺"8. 16"典型强降水个例定量降水反演结果显示,两种优化方案反演降水的空间分布形势与地面降水实况场更加接近,尤其弥补了单一动态Z-I关系法对20. 0 mm·h-1以上量级强降水落区范围以及40. 0 mm·h-1以上量级超强降水中心反演不足的问题,采用优化方案后的各项评估指标均大幅提升,明显改善了雷达定量降水反演的不确定性,降水反演效果具有更强的稳定性和可靠性,为灾害性短时强降水天气事件短临预报预警提供了定量参考。 相似文献
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综合利用辽宁省及周边区域9部多普勒天气雷达组网拼图资料与地面加密自动气象站降水观测资料,通过最优化法,建立适合辽宁本地区的动态Z-I关系,实时得到高时空分辨率雷达定量降水反演资料。结果表明:对2011年台风"米雷"和2012年台风"达维"降水反演表明,动态Z-I关系法可以反演地面降水的主要空间分布特征,但反演的强降水中心存在较大偏差;动态Z-I关系法定量降水反演能力整体优于固定Z-I关系法,但存在高估小雨强度和抑制大雨强度的系统性偏差,特别是对于20.0 mm·h~(-1)以上量级的强降水,平均误差达-10.0 mm以上,平均相对误差超过70.0%;各量级降水样本所占比例的差异与地理区域气候条件的差异,是动态Z-I关系法反演降水产生误差的两个主要原因。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献