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1.
基于马尔科夫链转移概率极限分布的降水过程持续性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
各地不同气候条件所具有的天气状态转移概率的极限分布实际上代表了各地天气气候的持续性和转折性特征,同时也表明了它的可预报期限。从马尔科夫链理论出发,初步研究了中国160个代表测站逐日天气状态演变过程的极限分布。结果表明,转移概率的极限分布不但其空间分布有明显差异,而且不同季节的极限分布也有明显差异。例如,有的地区仅有2 d持续期,有的可达4—6 d或更长,充分反映出不同地区因其影响的天气系统差异所造成的逐日天气气候的持续性和转折性特征的差异。其研究意义在于,由此可作为天气气候分型区划的一种理论依据。统计分析结果表明,就全中国平均而言,夏季持续期最短,持续期由北向南、由西向东呈增加趋势,且春季平均降水持续期为5.1 d,夏季平均为5.0 d,秋季平均为6.5d,冬季平均为6.2 d。可见夏半年比冬半年的降水持续期短,这可能是因为春夏季的天气系统比较复杂且中小尺度天气系统较多的缘故。这从另一侧面再次证明,各地逐日降水天气状态演变过程具有一定的天气气候状态自然转折的持续性即自然天气周期的气候状况,从而为短期天气预报提供了气候背景。 相似文献
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局地强风暴云团与中尺度锋面波动 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文分析了1982—1988年2—5月份的41例与中尺度锋面波动相关联的局地强风暴云团的活动和演变特征，给出了其强盛期天气系统配置模式及其在天气尺度云系演变中的表现型式，最后对其移动做了一般性讨论。 相似文献
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利用1961—2010年中国东北122站逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及中国国家气候中心整理的160站月平均温度资料,对东北6月、7月、8月的降水进行分型,在此基础上分析各类降水型对应的环流形势。结果表明:东北6月、7月、8月降水均可划分为两大类四小类,6月与8月的分型结果相同,为全区一致型(同多型、同少型)和南北反位相型(南部型、北部型),7月可分为全区一致型(同多型、同少型)和东西反位相型(东部型、西部型)。6月东北降水主要受东北冷涡影响,冷涡越强,降水越多,且当鄂霍次克海阻塞高压出现明显异常时,6月东北降水将呈现南北反位相特征;7月、8月降水主要受东亚夏季风影响,其中东北降水全区一致型与西太平洋副热带高压的位置以及沿亚洲西风急流东传的波列有关,而降水南北(东西)反位相型则与西太平洋副热带高压的强度有关。 相似文献
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利用1961~2002年ERA-40逐日再分析资料和江淮流域56个台站逐日观测降水量资料,引入基于自组织映射神经网络(Self-Organizing Maps,简称SOM)的统计降尺度方法,对江淮流域夏季(6~8月)逐日降水量进行统计建模与验证,以考察SOM对中国东部季风降水和极端降水的统计降尺度模拟能力。结果表明,SOM通过建立主要天气型与局地降水的条件转换关系,能够再现与观测一致的日降水量概率分布特征,所有台站基于概率分布函数的Brier评分(Brier Score)均近似为0,显著性评分(Significance Score)全部在0.8以上;模拟的多年平均降水日数、中雨日数、夏季总降水量、日降水强度、极端降水阈值和极端降水贡献率区域平均的偏差都低于11%;并且能够在一定程度上模拟出江淮流域夏季降水的时间变率。进一步将SOM降尺度模型应用到BCCCSM1.1(m)模式当前气候情景下,评估其对耦合模式模拟结果的改善能力。发现降尺度显著改善了模式对极端降水模拟偏弱的缺陷,对不同降水指数的模拟较BCC-CSM1.1(m)模式显著提高,降尺度后所有台站6个降水指数的相对误差百分率基本在20%以内,偏差比降尺度前减小了40%~60%;降尺度后6个降水指数气候场的空间相关系数提高到0.9,相对标准差均接近1.0,并且均方根误差在0.5以下。表明SOM降尺度方法显著提高日降水概率分布,特别是概率分布曲线尾部特征的模拟能力,极大改善了模式对极端降水场的模拟能力,为提高未来预估能力提供了基础。 相似文献
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利用1997—2015年吉林省春夏期(4—7月)逐日气象站地面观测资料,以气温、气压、相对湿度、水汽压、风速为协变量,建立各站点逐日降水量的基于自组织映射神经网络(Self-Organizing Maps,SOM)的统计预测模型;分析吉林省春夏期的主要天气模态,研究逐日降水和天气模态之间的关系,并基于此关系提出逐日降水量的蒙特卡罗模拟方法。结果表明:SOM对天气模态的分型质量较好,邻近天气模态的累积概率分布较相似,距离较远的天气模态累计概率分布差异较大。各天气模态下无降水的概率与日降水量区间宽度的相关系数为-0. 94,显著性水平小于0. 01。基于降水量累积概率分布,20种天气模态被划分成4类,并与降水易发程度和逐日降水量完全对应。在此基础上,对吉林省24个站点逐日降水量进行蒙特卡罗模拟,并进行预测性能分析。平均绝对误差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)和均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RM SE)的中位数分别为3. 12 mm和6. 13 mm,SBrier和Ssig分别为0. 06和0. 51,站点的逐日降水量预测性能整体较好。MAE和RMSE分布呈现东南大西北小,去除降水自然变异差异的影响,所有站点的误差都较小; SBrier和Ssig没有明显的空间分布特征。 相似文献
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夏季高原天气系统生命史短,空间尺度小,天气变化剧烈,气压系统又与风场不完全适应,因此,只有500mb和近地面层分析流线图较能正确地反映高原的天气实际情况。1979年5月—8月高原西部新增加了高空地面资料,这就有可能更进一步了解和掌握高原夏季风环流的发生演变特点及天气气候规律。我们分析了1979年5—8月高原地区的逐日流线图,发现它有几种固定的流场型式,有一定的天气区与之配合。现将分型原则及结果介绍如下。 相似文献
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选取黄淮流域及周边地区147个气象站1962—2015年逐月气温、降水观测资料,利用标准化降水蒸散指数(standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index,SPEI)分析了该地区近54 a夏季干旱变化及其异常成因。结果表明:黄淮地区近54 a夏季呈稳定略偏旱趋势,1990年代起该地区夏季经历了先湿后干的演变。EOF(经验正交函数)分析表明黄淮地区夏季SPEI的前3个模态为一致旱涝型、南北反位相型和东北-西南反位相型。该地区夏季偏旱年份为Ⅰ类或Ⅲ类雨型且夏季各月干旱成因有所不同,其中6月亚洲区极涡强度偏弱时,同期黄淮地区降水偏少,干旱频发;7月西太平洋副热带高压(副高)西伸脊点位置偏东(位于129°E以东),黄淮地区发生干旱的可能性较大;8月副高强度越弱,干旱风险越大。夏季青藏高原地面加热场强度偏强时,中高纬冷空气势力较弱难以影响到黄淮地区,同时,副高位置异常偏北偏西,导致该地区偏旱。 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、逐日降水和NCEP再分析资料等统计2007—2017年5—7月西南涡共计199例,其中110例移出源地发展。在移出型西南涡中有66例沿偏东路径移动,占比60%;东北路径西南涡约占28.2%;东南路径西南涡仅占10.9%。移出型西南涡与我国中东部降水具有密切关系:偏东型有利于沿江地区降水增多;东北型使江北大部分地区降水增加;东南型有利于华南地区降水增加。偏东型和东北型西南涡中心路径与雨带走向近乎平行,但存在不同程度的偏移,造成偏移差异的直接原因在于低涡北侧是否有降水。研究表明:当高空无干冷侵入时,低涡南侧偏南风越强,北侧空气湿度越大,北侧低空有偏东气流将有利于北侧空气抬升产生降水;当高空存在干冷侵入时,若北侧低层有一支湿润的偏东气流,二者叠加形成对流不稳定,也有利于降水。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料,分析对比2016年8月31日—9月1日与9月9—10日黔东南地区出现的一般性降雨和区域性暴雨天气过程。探讨两次过程降雨发生发展的天气学条件差异。结果表明:两次降水过程均属于冷锋低槽型降水,降水发生前,黔东南受热低压控制,以晴好天气为主,冷空气都是从西北路径入侵,锋面过境时地面辐合线触发降水的发生发展,降水带主要发生在中低层切变线附近,850 h Pa风速有所加强,但未达到急流强度,对降雨的强度有一定的制约。两次过程都存在降水范围大、时间长的特点。所不同的是:降水强度前者弱,后者强,两次降雨过程中低层影响的天气系统存在不同,8月31日降雨的低层影响系统为贵州西南部发展的低涡系统,黔东南上空850 h Pa形势场出现弱的辐合区;9月9日降雨的低层影响系统为明显的辐合性切变线,存在多个呈东北—西南向的以带状分布的对流系统。通过对两次冷锋低槽型降水讨论得出,黔东南冷锋低槽型暴雨预报应着眼于影响贵州的强涡度中心的建立和加强以及其移动路径。 相似文献
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利用观测资料和区域气候模式RegCM4.6,研究了高纬和低纬天气尺度扰动对2020年梅雨期降水的可能影响。观测分析表明:2020年6月、7月长江中下游降水在周期上表现为10 d以下的天气尺度扰动,在降水过程中存在多次中高纬度天气尺度扰动的南传与低纬扰动的北传。在此基础上,设计改变不同纬度天气尺度扰动(10 d)输入的侧边界敏感性试验。数值模拟结果表明:从平均环流来看,当中高纬西北侧边界的天气尺度扰动减弱时,大气平均环流动能向天气尺度扰动动能转换的位置发生北移,影响副高北侧纬向西风带北移,使得梅雨期降水中心从长江中下游地区北移到淮河流域;从时间演变来看,当去除中高纬西北侧边界的天气尺度扰动时,850 hPa上E矢量散度南传减弱,低纬纬向风异常能够向北传播。纬向风异常产生的涡度变化有利于副热带高压北抬,使得雨带可以较早北抬到34°N以北,标志江淮地区出梅。低纬南侧边界的天气尺度扰动减弱时,梅雨期降水略有增强,但对雨带的进退影响较小。因此,观测和数值模拟结果表明,2020年夏季梅雨期降水强度和雨带的维持主要与中高纬度天气尺度扰动异常密切相关,中国北部尤其中国西北部到巴尔喀什湖地区天气尺度扰动偏强且南传是此次梅雨强度偏强和雨带维持的重要原因。 相似文献
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A. K. Gu��ye Serge Janicot A. Niang S. Sawadogo Benjamin Sultan A. Diongue-Niang S. Thiria 《Climate Dynamics》2011,36(1-2):1-18
The aim of this work is to define over the period 1979?C2002 the main synoptic weather regimes relevant for understanding the daily variability of rainfall during the summer monsoon season over Senegal. ??Pure?? synoptic weather regimes are defined by removing the influence of seasonal and interannual time scales, in order to highlight the day by day variability of the atmospheric circulation. The Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) approach, a clustering methodology based on non-linear artificial neural network, is combined with a Hierarchical Ascendant Classification to compute these regimes. Nine weather regimes are identified using the mean sea level pressure and 850?hPa wind field as variables, and gathered into three classes. Two of these weather regimes represent the classical 3?C5-day African easterly waves with a mean wavelength of about 3,000?km. Three others are characterized by a modulation of the semi-permanent trough located along the western coast of West Africa and might be interpreted in terms of the 6?C9-day easterly waves. The last four weather regimes are characterized by a more or less strong north?Csouth dipole of circulation. They can be interpreted as a northward/southward displacement of the Saharan Heat Low for two of them, and a filling/deepening of this depression for the other two. The circulation patterns of all these nine weather regimes are very consistent with the associated anomaly patterns of precipitable water, mid-troposphere vertical velocity, outgoing longwave radiation, and finally rainfall. Rainfall distribution is also highlighted over the southwestern area of Senegal. 相似文献
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The Freezing Precipitation over the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River during February-March 2009 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this paper, the authors analyze the quasistationary fronts, surface conditions, and atmospheric stratification processes associated with a freezing precipitation event over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the Dabie mountain during February-March 2009. The long duration of freezing precipitation was primarily caused by stationary and anomalous synoptic weather patterns, such as a blocking high pressure in the northern branch and a trough in the southern branch of the westerlies, which resulted in the encounter cold air from northern China and warm moisture from the south. The east-west-oriented, quasi-stationary front （or shear line） found in central China was mostly responsible for producing the precipitation. The warm layer and nearsurface frozen layer were located in the lower troposphere along the front zone. Although the warm layer （〉 0℃） existed along the whole front, a surface temperature less than 0℃ appeared only over the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the Dabie mountain. Therefore, the surface temperature was the main influencing factor, as the freezing precipitation only happened over the Dabie mountain. 相似文献
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Summer precipitation over the Yangtze River basin (YRB) in 2020 experienced a strong subseasonal and synoptic fluctuation in addition to contributing to an exceptionally large seasonal mean precipitation. The cause of this higher-frequency fluctuation is examined based on observational analyses. Apart from the continuous northward movement of the climatological mei-yu rainband, the mei-yu rainbelt in the summer of 2020 experienced multiple northward and southward swings. The cause of the swings was attributed to the subseasonal variability of southerly winds to the south and northeasterly winds to the north of the YRB. In addition, synoptic-scale variability, characterized by the eastward propagation of low-level cyclonic vorticity and precipitation anomalies, was also commonplace in the summer of 2020. While the strengthening of both the subseasonal and synoptic variabilities in the summer of 2020 was attributed to the increase of the background mean moisture, the synoptic variability was greatly affected by the subseasonal rainfall variability. As a result, both the synoptic-scale and subseasonal variabilities contributed to the north-south swings of the rainbelt. The large-scale modulations by both the seasonal mean and subseasonal anomalies provide insight regarding the optimization of issuing accurate, extended-range forecasts of extreme weather events. 相似文献
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利用中国东部160个气象观测站1951年-2012年夏季（6-8月）的月平均降水资料,运用EOF分析方法,分析中国东部夏季降水的时空分布特征及其与西太平洋副热带高压的关系。结果表明:（1)夏季,中国东部降水大值区域从华南移到江淮流域,然后到达华北和东北地区。（2) 中国东部夏季降水EOF第一模态空间分布为长江以北与黄河以南地区之间存在一个降水大值雨带, EOF第二模态显示出整个东部沿海地区的降水量以长江为界,长江以南降水偏少,长江以北降水偏多,且江南与江北的降水呈反位相。（3)在西太平洋副热带高压较强的年份,江淮流域降水偏少,华北地区降水偏多;西太平洋副热带高压较弱的年份,江淮流域降水偏多,华南地区降水偏少。 相似文献
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Numerical study of 1998 late summer flood in East Asia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wen-Yih Sun Ki-Hong Min Jiun-Dar Chern 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2011,47(2):123-135
The Purdue Regional Model (PRM) is applied to study the evolution of regional climate and weather systems during the heavy precipitation over Korea and China between 30 July and 18 August 1998. The results show that heavy rainfall along the Mei-yu and Changma front was due to the combination of: (1) an anomalous 850 hPa subtropical high, (2) a stronger baroclinicity around 40°N over eastern Asia and a low pressure located to the north of the front, and (3) an excessive evaporation from abnormal wet, warm land. The precipitation ended by 18 August when the subtropical high had retreated and the low pressure in Mongolia moved away from Asia continent. The model reproduced in great detail the observed baroclinic waves to the north, subtropical high and low-level jet to the south, and the front with heavy precipitation extending from southern China, and the Korean peninsula to Japan. High correlations are found for mass, momentum, and moisture fields between model simulation and the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis for the 20-day means. 相似文献
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The East Asian subtropical summer monsoon(EASSM) is one component of the East Asian summer monsoon system,and its evolution determines the weather and climate over East China.In the present paper,we firstly demonstrate the formation and advancement of the EASSM rainbelt and its associated circulation and precipitation patterns through reviewing recent studies and our own analysis based on JRA-55(Japanese 55-yr Reanalysis) data and CMAP(CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation),GPCP(Global Precipitation Climatology Project),and TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) precipitation data.The results show that the rainy season of the EASSM starts over the region to the south of the Yangtze River in early April,with the establishment of strong southerly wind in situ.The EASSM rainfall,which is composed of dominant convective and minor stratiform precipitation,is always accompanied by a frontal system and separated from the tropical summer monsoon system.It moves northward following the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon.Moreover,the role of the land-sea thermal contrast in the formation and maintenance of the EASSM is illustrated,including in particular the effect of the seasonal transition of the zonal land-sea thermal contrast and the influences from the Tibetan Plateau and midlatitudes.In addition,we reveal a possible reason for the subtropical climate difference between East Asia and East America.Finally,the multi-scale variability of the EASSM and its influential factors are summarized to uncover possible reasons for the intraseasonal,interannual,and interdecadal variability of the EASSM and their importance in climate prediction. 相似文献
18.
The East Asian subtropical summer monsoon: Recent progress 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The East Asian subtropical summer monsoon (EASSM) is one component of the East Asian summer monsoon system, and its evolution determines the weather and climate over East China. In the present paper, we firstly demonstrate the formation and advancement of the EASSM rainbelt and its associated circulation and precipitation patterns through reviewing recent studies and our own analysis based on JRA-55 (Japanese 55-yr Reanalysis) data and CMAP (CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation), GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project), and TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) precipitation data. The results show that the rainy season of the EASSM starts over the region to the south of the Yangtze River in early April, with the establishment of strong southerly wind in situ. The EASSM rainfall, which is composed of dominant convective and minor stratiform precipitation, is always accompanied by a frontal system and separated from the tropical summer monsoon system. It moves northward following the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon. Moreover, the role of the land–sea thermal contrast in the formation and maintenance of the EASSM is illustrated, including in particular the effect of the seasonal transition of the zonal land–sea thermal contrast and the influences from the Tibetan Plateau and midlatitudes. In addition, we reveal a possible reason for the subtropical climate difference between East Asia and East America. Finally, the multi-scale variability of the EASSM and its influential factors are summarized to uncover possible reasons for the intraseasonal, interannual, and interdecadal variability of the EASSM and their importance in climate prediction. 相似文献
19.
2006年夏季主要天气系统及环流特征分析 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
简要介绍了2006年夏季的主要天气过程和形势。2006年夏季我国华南地区出现严重洪涝,淮河流域、东北大部、河套西部降雨异常偏多,而长江流域降雨偏少。6月造成华南地区强降雨的影响天气系统为切变线和地面静止锋,7、8月则为台风。2006年的梅雨期在典型梅雨常见的中高纬度乌拉尔山和鄂霍次克海阻塞高压均未建立,中高纬度高压位于贝加尔湖以西,低纬度副高位置比气候平均稍偏北。华北地区的暴雨过程多为低槽冷锋造成。东北地区多低涡活动。2006年夏季登陆我国的台风偏早、偏多、偏强,特别是4号台风“碧利斯”和8号台风“桑美”给我国造成了巨大的经济损失。与2005年相比,2006年我国西南地区的高温日数异常偏多,四川、重庆出现了特大伏旱,华北地区的高温日数偏少,但也出现了持续闷热天气,江南部分地区的高温天数也偏多,东北基本未出现高温天气。 相似文献