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利用2017年3月8日到4月8日鸭梨花芽发育观测照片对照同期气象资料,分析鸭梨花芽萌发后气象要素对鸭梨花芽发育物候期的影响。结果表明：气温和地温自始至终主导鸭梨花芽发育进度,开绽、露蕾、露冠和始花关键物候期需要满足较好的天气条件和适宜积温,物候期转变时都有10℃以上的温暖天气相对应;风速、日照、降雨等气象要素对鸭梨花芽发育影响程度,在花芽萌发到开绽、开绽到始花和花期三个阶段,其影响程度、利弊各不相同。本文试图通过对鸭梨花芽发育过程各生育期气象影响因子初步分析,为探讨符合鸭梨物候发育规律的花期预报方法,提供新的研究思路。 相似文献
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基于北京市丰台区气象站2009—2018年地面观测资料和2020、2021年3月丰台区预报资料,配合气温精细化订正,应用SW物候模型,对2020年、2021年北京丰台区北宫森林公园、千灵山风景区山桃花始花期进行了预测试验。试验结果表明:提前10 d预测的结果和自然条件下的实况值偏差为1~2 d,提前一周左右可较为准确地预测山桃花始花期。结合气象因子对前期气温预报值进行精细化订正,可提高SW物候模型用于观赏植物观赏期预测的适用性,得到较为准确的花期预测值,并可在花期观赏相关的旅游气象服务业务中进行推广应用。 相似文献
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麻城龟峰山古杜鹃花期滚动预报方法探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用麻城龟峰山杜鹃花海3个不同海拔高度和临近区域自动站连续2年观测的气温和物候资料,结合前期物候资料,统计不同高度、不同时段和不同要素的气象条件,结果表明:杜鹃花开放的临界温度为日平均气温稳定通过10℃,达到盛花期物候标准的积温指标为:1月1日起至盛花期前一日≥0℃活动积温大于等于730℃;3月1日起至盛花期前一日≥10℃活动积温大于等于450℃,对两项积温按不同高度、不同时间段进行垂直递减率计算并作相关分析,两因子与花期的线性相关显著。以两项积温作预报因子,建立从3月底到4月底,每隔5天一次的不同时段共7个花期预报方程。利用积温指标结合预报方程,可对杜鹃花期进行滚动预报和精细化预报,预报效果与实况基本吻合,误差较小。 相似文献
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粤中地区木本植物春季物候特征及其对气候变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据1982-2012年高要气象站自然物候和气象观测资料,利用线性回归、相关分析等方法研究了近30 a来粤中地区木本植物木棉、苦楝春季物候特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明,粤中地区木本植物春季物候期总体呈提前趋势,苦楝展叶始期、开花盛期平均每年提前0.4 d和0.8 d,木棉开花盛期、展叶始期平均每年提前0.8 d和1.1 d。冬季平均气温、春季平均气温、年平均气温以及前期≥10℃积温均与苦楝、木棉展叶始期、开花盛期呈显著负相关,其中,2-3月平均气温对苦楝、木棉春季物候期的影响最为显著,高要市2-3月平均气温上升1℃,苦楝展叶始期、开花盛期分别提前5.4 d和6.9 d,木棉开花盛期、展叶始期分别提前6.6 d和8.0 d。物候期特征可作为评估区域气候变化的一个衡量指标,为当地生态系统保护、新物种引进、农时预报和农林业发展等提供参考。 相似文献
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湿度偏低对2016年上海奉贤黄桃开花坐果的影响及致灾风险 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2009—2018年奉贤黄桃休眠—花期各物候期、同期气象要素及1980—2018年黄桃花期逐日日平均、日最小相对湿度等资料，用对比及数理统计方法对2016年影响黄桃开花坐果的主要气象致灾因子、39年花期相对湿度变化特征及其影响进行分析。结果表明：2016年黄桃开花始期—开花盛期遭遇持续6 d日最小相对湿度小于等于30%的低湿天气，每天09：00—20：00各整点相对湿度的平均值小于等于50%，导致当年坐果大幅偏少。20世纪80年代以来，黄桃花期平均相对湿度、平均最小相对湿度均呈下降趋势，两者突变年份均为2000年，且3月下旬及4月上旬低湿天气出现概率高，提升了黄桃花期遭遇低湿致灾的风险。2009—2018年开花始期与5 d滑动平均气温大于等于10 ℃首日（简称10 ℃首日）呈显著性正相关。建立基于10 ℃首日的黄桃开花始期最小二乘偏回归方程,拟合效果较好,为协同应对低湿天气提供预测服务。 相似文献
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新源县杏花始花期气象预报研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了更准确地提供杏花始花期的预报，利用新源县1996—2020年的始花期观测数据以及同期气象资料，统计分析关键影响因子，建立预报模式。结果表明：新源县杏花始花期平均出现在4月5日，最早最晚始花期相差28 d，近22a来始花期提前约4 d。始花期前的气温、日照、0℃积温等对始花期有明显影响，采用逐步回归方法，得到了新源县杏花始花期的预报模型,回代检验中始花期预报值与实际值相差0~2d的准确率达到63.6%，相差3 d的准确率为27.2%，2018—2020年的试报服务预测值与实际值之间相差分别2 d、1 d、3 d，可为花期专题气象服务提供理论参考。 相似文献
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根据1981-2011年库尔勒市气象局香梨始花期物候观测资料和同期地面观测资料,分析近31a香梨始花期变化趋势及与气候因子的相关性,确定关键影响因子,建立香梨始花期预测模型.结果表明,31a来,库尔勒香梨始花期有明显的提前趋势;香梨始花期与始花前期气温、≥5 ℃积温、≥10℃活动积温、不同深度地温以及日照时数呈负相关或显著负相关.利用逐步回归分析法建立了香梨始花期的预测模型,通过检验模型效果良好.此结果可为香梨始花期预报提供参考. 相似文献
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北京地区东京樱花花期对气候变化的分段响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于1965—2014年北京颐和园观测的东京樱花(Cerasus yedoensis)始花期数据和同期日均气温资料,运用相关、回归分析法和M-K突变检验法分析了北京地区东京樱花始花期对气候变化的分段响应情况。结果表明:1965—2014年间,北京地区东京樱花始花期总体呈现显著提前趋势,且于1990年发生了突变。1990—2014年的平均始花期较1965—1989年提前了10 d。始花期与2—4月气温最为相关,气温的敏感度总体为-4. 1 d/℃。对比1990年前后两个时段东京樱花始花期的气温敏感度,发现1990年后始花期的气温敏感度有所增加,从-2. 9 d/℃增至-4. 6 d/℃。根据时空物候模型分析,后一时段樱花开花当日温度相对较低,积温累积的时间也相对较长,这是导致樱花始花期气温敏感度在后一时段较高的直接原因。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献