共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 56 毫秒
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对于活塞压力计,零级有效面积是其最重要的参量。利用作为压力基准级活塞压力计活塞-活塞筒几何尺寸的测量结果,用几何法计算活塞压力计的零级有效面积和不确定度,活塞压力计零级有效面积计算结果为1961.0276 mm^2,其扩展不确定度为4.3 ppm（k=2,1 ppm=10^-6）;用压力平衡法获得活塞零级有效面积的结果为1961.0279 mm^2,其扩展不确定度计算结果为1 5 ppm（k=2）;用几何法获取活塞零级有效面积的不确定度最小,活塞零级有效面积为1961.0276 mm^2。 相似文献
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为确保各要素观测数据的准确、可靠并具有可比性,须定期开展自动气象站校准。自动气象站现场校准不同于实验室的检定检测,受客观条件的影响,校准结果具有明显的不确定性,气压要素表现尤为明显。为了保证量值传递准确可靠,减小这种不确定性对校准结果造成的误判,对气压现场校准提出了改进方法。基于2012—2014年"移动气象计量检定校准核查技术集成"项目的实验资料,采用实验室检定和现场校准气压传感器对比的方法,找出现场校准中影响气压值变化的因素。结果表明:实验室检定合格的气压传感器在现场再次进行校准中有12.5%不合格。经研究试验,这种结果是由于现场校准时的环境因素影响造成,其主要影响因素为气温和风速。选择适当的校准时间,即避开最高气温和最低气温出现时段及外界风速不大于5 m/s时进行气压现场校准,能较好地减少气压传感器的测量误差,提高气压测量数据的准确性。 相似文献
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太阳辐射测量标准仅采取定期参加国际比对的溯源方法不能完全满足质量保证的要求。只有联合国际比对和期间核查的控制方法,才能确保测量标准的测量不确定度持续控制在误差允许范围之内。我国太阳辐射测量标准与世界辐射测量基准 (WRR) 比对结果的不确定度为0.17%,满足世界气象组织 (WMO) 要求,并达到世界先进水平。为了保证在两次国际周期比对间隔之间的准确可靠,并保证其处于良好置信度的校准状态,定期对测量标准的重复性和稳定性进行期间核查, 以图形记忆方式对太阳辐射测量标准的测量过程进行连续和长期的统计控制。通过期间核查,保证了太阳辐射测量标准的重复性不大于0.1%,年稳定性小于0.25%,未超出控制界限且分布呈随机状态,保证了测量过程处于稳定受控状态,满足建标要求。 相似文献
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中间核查是指对设备和参考标准、计量基准、传递标准或工作标准以及标准物质在相邻的两次检定或校准间隔内 ,为保持其准确可靠而进行的一种核查。在 GB/T1 5 4 81 - 2 0 0 0《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》中 ,明确要求对设备和参考标准、传递标准或工作标准、标准物质、参考物质进行中间核查。在气象部门 ,气象计量检定实验室是开展气象检定测试 ,健全本部门计量基准、标准和量值传递系统 ,保障气象要素量值的准确可靠和计量单位统一 ,以确保气象资料的三性 (准确性、比较性、代表性 ) ,满足国际交换及国内需求的法定实验室。气象计… 相似文献
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为验证西北区域各省（区）气象计量检定机构的检定能力,2014年宁夏气象计量检定所作为主导实验室组织开展温度、湿度、气压3个要素量值比对工作。比对采用圆环形路线,比对样品选用自动气象站传感器。参比实验室按照规定的比对方案对比对样品进行比对实验及不确定度评定,主导实验室对比对数据进行汇总分析,采用归一化偏差方法分析评价比对结果。比对结果：温度与气压实验室比对结果满意,湿度实验室比对结果较满意。参比样品的比对数据真实,结果可信,较为客观地反映了西北区域各参比实验室的检定/校准水平及气象计量标准装置的现状,有效识别了参加量值比对实验室存在的问题,对促进实验室检定能力的提高具有重要意义。 相似文献
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本文根据位相当温度与相当温度以及气压之间的内在关系指出,在气压给定的情况下,位相当温度与相当温度之间存在线性关系;而当相当温度确定时,位相当温度与气压的关系是非线性的。进而提出在第一次调整中应当先线性内插得到对应的相当温度、再由三者关系的另一种表达式计算对应的气压的新方案。同时也指出,由于时间平均可能造成某些θe。无对应参考气压Pr,在考虑区域问题时,第二次调整宜用空间平均,以及为了避免再出现不稳定层结,宜在计算程序中增加一次类似于第一次的调整。文章最后通过实例对比,证实了新方案在客观地确定参考气压、准确地计算湿有效位能等方面都比原方案有较明显的改进。 相似文献
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为确保各要素观测数据的准确、可靠并具有可比性,定期开展自动气象站校准是非常重要的。自动气象站现场校准不同于实验室的检定检测,受客观条件的影响,校准结果具有明显的不确定性。为了保证量值传递准确可靠,减小这种不确定性对校准结果造成的误判,对现场校准提出了改进方法。利用2004年至2006年山东省现场校准资料,采用对比方法分析了常规校准法与改进校准法校准误差的变化趋势。结果表明:按新的方法校准后,气温、湿度、气压传感器的校准误差分别减小0.1℃、1%和0.2hPa;地温传感器的超差数量由23.6%下降到5.2%。改进法减小自然环境对校准结果的影响,避免盲目更换传感器,弥补了常规法的不足。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献