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2016年5月15日清晨河西走廊东部发生区域性强霜冻天气,对农林业生产造成了2004年以来最为严重的灾害。本文利用实时MICAPS常规观测资料、物理量场和河西走廊东部区域内6个国家自动气象观测站和93个区域气象站观测资料,对这次冻害天气过程的天气学成因进行分析,在此基础上分析了霜冻对农业的影响。结果表明强冷空气爆发是造成冻害的直接原因;0 cm地面温度和气温≤0 ℃持续时间长,导致农林作物深度冻伤;前期气温偏高使得农林作物发育期提前,加之霜冻出现时间偏迟,农林作物抵抗冻害的能力明显下降,冻害影响加重;冻害发生后,温度急剧上升、湿度迅速减小,作物水分强烈蒸腾,作物细胞失去受损,导致受灾程度加重。 相似文献
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早霜冻是我县重要灾害性天气之一,常对秋作物、蔬菜等造成冻害而减产。为预防霜冻危害,制作了早霜冻短期预报方法。 本方法使用1976年至1986年的10月份本站地面气象资料,选用了形成平流辐射霜的影响因子,该方法经试报使用效果良好,现介绍如下。 相似文献
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近年来 ,地膜西瓜在封丘县种植面积不断扩大。地膜西瓜 3月底至 4月初播种 ,4月中、下旬瓜苗长出两片真叶时需破膜放风 ,不然遇高温天气会造成烧苗。若出现大风降温天气 ,破膜后的西瓜又可能遭受霜冻危害。通过对地膜内、外温度观测统计分析 ,找出了西瓜受害的农业气象指标 :在放风之前 ,日最高气温达到 30℃时 ,膜内温度可达 5 0℃以上 ,可发生烧苗 ;在放风之后 ,当日最低气温低于 3℃时 ,膜内温度可达 0℃以下 ,可发生冻害。根据烧苗和冻害气温指标 ,普查我县 1971～ 2 0 0 0年气象资料 ,30年中 4月中、下旬达到烧苗气温指标的有 7年 ,约… 相似文献
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1999年12月下旬特大霜冻灾害是云南1951年以来损失最大的一次自然灾害，受灾面积85万hm^2，直接经济损失55亿元。利用高空和地面气象资料，分析了严重低温霜冻灾害的天气成因，并与历史上的1973／1974、1975／1976年冬季云南两次严重霜冻灾害进行了比较。结果表明：特大霜冻灾害是在云南连续暖冬背景下发生的，对云南经济作物和热带作物的危害最大。高空冷平流与地面冷高压控制下长时间夜间晴空辐射冷却降温是此次重霜冻形成的主要原因，500hPa、700hPa偏北气流和干冷南支槽是主要影响天气系统。碧空无云、静风、湿度小、气温低、气压高、露点温度特低是此次重霜冻的主要气象要素变化特征。冻害以滇南热带作物种植区最为严重。关键词霜冻低温冷平流晴空辐射暖冬 相似文献
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采用铜川市宜君、铜川、耀州区3个国家气象观测站和76个区域自动气象站气温观测资料,以及相应的高空探测资料,对2018、2020年铜川市核桃晚霜冻害进行分析。结果显示：造成晚霜冻害的冷空气均是自北向南影响全市,宜君极端最低气温出现时间比铜川和耀州提前1 d,全市极端最低气温均出现在宜君县棋盘镇弥家河。2018、2020年晚霜冻害均属于轻度,2018年晚霜冻害范围和强度均大于2020年;全市晚霜冻害高发区主要分布在宜君县、耀州区西北部山区,宜君县发生晚霜冻害强度、范围较大;受混合型霜冻影响,地势相对较低的低洼地带的最低气温较周边偏低4～6 ℃。 相似文献
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1农业气象灾害的内涵
农业气象灾害是不利气象条件给农业造成的灾害。由温度因子引起的有热害、冻害、霜冻、热带作物寒害和低温冷害;由水分因子引起的有旱灾、洪涝灾害、雪害和雹害;由风引起的有风害;由气象因子综合作用引起的有干热风、冷雨和冻涝害等。与气象灾害的概念不同,农业气象灾害是结合农业生产遭受灾害而言的。例如寒潮、倒春寒等,在气象上是一种天气气候现象或过程,不一定造成灾害。但当它们危及小麦、水稻等农作物时,即造成冻害、霜冻、春季低温冷害等农业气象灾害。农业气象灾害具有非线性特征。 相似文献
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冬季强低温天气对日光温室作物的影响 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15
通过分析2001、2002年延安市日光温室内的温度资料，得出当外界气温达-20℃时，棚内温度可降至0℃以下，棚内作物受冻害，据此确定了强低温天气和气象服务标准；结合延安市宝塔区1951～2002年气象资料，分析了强低温天气分布特点及其对日光温室农业生产的影响，同时给出对策措施、建议和气象服务重点。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献