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1.
使用MICAPS系统平台、江西强天气监测平台、江西雷电监测平台、江西WebGIS雷达拼图平台等数据,采用形态分析方法,对2018年3月14日和4月5日井岗山、瑞昌、永修局地冰雹进行分析,结果表明:局地冰雹往往由超级单体回波所为,其影响范围较小,冰雹直径为5～10 mm,降雹时间约30 min。500 hPa、700 hPa和850 hPa有较强的暖湿西南急流,低层湿舌向东北伸展,地面有冷锋过境或存在辐合线,是强天气发展加强的重要天气系统。弓状回波带向前突出部分的前方有对流单体回波产生并且逐渐靠拢时,会使前方单体回波发展成为超级单体回波结构而产生冰雹等强天气。回波的合并是与回波的"传播"相联系的,回波的传播方式一方面加快了回波的移动速度,另一方面改变了回波的移动方向。局地冰雹回波产品特征:强度达到60～65 dBz、回波顶高ET达到9～12 km、液态含水量VIL达到40～60 kg·m~(-2)、垂直显示方式RHI上55～60 dBz强回波顶高达到5～6 km、有虚假回波伴随或有不特别明显的悬挂回波结构等特征。江西WebGIS雷达拼图上对冰雹等强天气的监测更为直观、明显,在识别冰雹回波上有较好的指示:短带回波中心强度从55～60 dBz发展为60～65 dBz时地面开始降雹;超级单体回波由55～60 dBz发展为60～65 dBz时预示着可能出现冰雹等强天气。冰雹的预报着眼点就是根据WebGIS雷达拼图上的以下特征来把握:1)60～65 dBz(粉红色)回波范围大于10×10 km,回波形状呈椭圆形;2)40 dBz(橘黄)回波界线与65 dBz回波界线梯度大;3)60～65 dBz回波中心有65～70 dBz(紫色)回波"核";4)强回波下风向有"前伸"回波结构。 相似文献
2.
《贵州气象》2021,(3)
利用常规高空和地面探测、观测资料,地面加密自动站分钟数据资料以及榕江站、贵阳站C波段多普勒天气雷达探测资料,分析了2020年3月23日贵州强对流天气的环流形势,并重点分析了榕江飑线大风及长顺大冰雹雷达回波特征。结果表明:(1)此次飑线大风与大冰雹发生在南支槽前暖区,地面热低压发展推动辐合线移动、低层西南暖湿气流、中层干冷空气、合适的0℃和-20℃高度均为此次飑线大风及大冰雹的产生提供了有利的环境条件。(2)雷达回波大冰雹特征突出:强回波悬垂,有界弱回波区,弓形回波,中心强度强(60 dBz以上)且50 dBz强回波伸展超过-20℃高度达到9 km以上,垂直积分液态水含量最高达到了70 kg/m~2,连续超过两个体扫VIL≥60 kg/m~2,回波顶高连续超过两个体扫在15 km以上。(3)飑线雷达回波大风特征明显:弓形回波形态特征明显且移动较快,移速约40 km/h,低层径向速度大,中层径向辐合大风区下传,速度零线通过观测站后大风加速。(4)短临预警业务中,对飑线大风天气,应重点关注低仰角速度大值区、中层径向辐合和弓形带状回波生成后移动发展对下游地区的影响;对大冰雹天气,应重点关注大于50 dBz强回波垂直扩展的高度、VIL和ET高值区的维持等。 相似文献
3.
安徽地区春夏季冰雹云雷达回波特征分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
分析安徽地区春夏季冰雹云雷达回波特征,对人工影响天气防雹作业有重要意义。根据2002—2013年间安徽省地面降雹资料,结合合肥新一代天气雷达(CINRAD)探测资料,使用Storm Cell Identification and Tracking (SCIT)算法设计风暴识别、追踪程序,得到3—8月59站次的降雹过程。统计分析冰雹云回波强度、回波高度、单体VIL等特征信息,结果表明：6—7月安徽地区降雹概率最大,1日中15—18时降雹概率最大。安徽地区春夏季冰雹云回波强度至少为55 dBz,大多数为60~70 dBz,单体VIL至少为30 kg·m-2,大多数为40~80 kg·m-2。单体VIL与最大反射率的变化趋势比较一致,最大值往往出现在降雹时间附近。安徽地区春夏季冰雹云回波顶高平均13.6 km,30 dBz风暴顶高平均12.1 km,最大回波顶高达17 km以上。 相似文献
4.
《贵州气象》2021,(4)
为研究江西副热带高压边缘雷暴大风天气的演变和雷达拼图回波特征,使用天气形势、卫星云图、江西WebGIS雷达拼图等资料,对2020年7月11日江西副热带高压边缘雷暴大风天气过程,采用统计分析、天气分析和回波图像分析等方法进行分析,结果表明:本次过程共造成江西国家站9站雷暴大风、1站西南大风,区域站63站雷暴大风。天气影响系统表现为高层反气旋环流、中层处副高边缘、低层西南急流、低涡、切变线及地面辐合线。卫星云图上中尺度对流云团MCS的移动与合并、加强,云顶亮温达-60～-80℃。雷达拼图回波上表现为副高边缘局地热雷雨发展、合并成为回波短带、"弓"状回波带,雷暴大风就发生在回波短带凸出部位前沿;回波短带组合反射率CR达55～60 dBz,垂直液态水含量VIL达25～30 kg/m~2,回波顶高ET达14～15 km;风暴跟踪信息STI有助于预报员识别和判断回波系统的移动,从而发布更为精准的预报预警信息。这些为副热带高压边缘雷暴大风的有效预警提供了参考依据。 相似文献
5.
利用日常业务常规高空和地面探测、观测资料,地面加密自动站分钟数据资料以及榕江站、贵阳站C波段多普勒天气雷达探测资料,分析了2020年3月23日贵州榕江飑线大风及长顺大冰雹的成因及雷达回波特征 。结果表明：（1）此次飑线大风与大冰雹发生在南支槽前暖区,地面热低压发展推动辐合线移动、低层西南暖湿气流、中层干冷空气、合适的0℃和-20℃高度均为此次飑线大风及大冰雹的产生提供了有利的环境条件。（2）雷达回波大冰雹特征突出：强回波悬垂,有界弱回波区,弓形回波,中心强度强（60dBz以上）且50dBz强回波伸展超过-20℃高度达到9km以上,垂直积分液态水含量最高达到了70kg/m2,连续超过两个体扫VIL≥60kg/m2,回波顶高连续超过两个体扫在15km以上。（3）飑线雷达回波大风特征明显：弓形回波形态特征明显且移动较快,移速约40千米/小时,低层径向速度大,中层径向辐合大风区下传,速度零线通过观测站后大风加速。（4）短临预警业务中,对飑线大风天气,应重点关注低仰角速度大值区、中层径向辐合和弓形带状回波生成后移动发展对下游地区的影响;对大冰雹天气,应重点关注大于50dBZ强回波垂直扩展的高度、VIL和ET高值区的维持等。 相似文献
6.
该文利用2012—2013年黔东南新一代多普勒天气雷达资料和常规探空资料,应用统计和对比分析方法,对黔东南地区10次冰雹天气过程的雷达回波特征及参数进行统计分析,结果表明:最强回波强度dBzM≥55 dBz、回波顶高ET≥9km、45 dBz强回波伸展高度H45 dBz≥7.5 km、回波顶高与0℃层高度差(ET-H0)≥6.5 km、最强回波高度与0℃层高度差(HTH0)≥-2 km、风暴顶高与-20℃层高度差(TOP-H-20)≥-1 km、VIL密度(VILM)≥2.5g·m-3、VIL密度与(ET-H0)的乘积VILE≥20g·m-2,可作为黔东南地区预警冰雹灾害的雷达阈值和指标,为冰雹灾害短时临近预警提供参考。 相似文献
7.
利用恩施多普勒雷达和常规分析资料,详细对比分析了2007-2008年发生在恩施山区强冰雹和短时强降水天气过程中的雷达产品特征.在此基础上,找出了适合恩施山区强冰雹和短时强降水天气的雷达临近预警指标:选取负温区回波厚度≥7 km、CR强中心回波强度≥55 dBz、强回波梯度≥15 dBz·km-1、45 dBz强回波伸展高度≥7.5 km、累积液态含水量(VIL)密度≥3.2 g·m-3和雷达风廓线1.8～6.1 km风垂直切变均值≥2.3×10-3s-1作为强冰雹临近预警指标;当满足组合反射率(CR)强中心回波强度、VIL密度、40 dBz强回波伸展高度和雷达风廓线(VWP)上1.8～6.1 km风垂直切变值达43.0 dBz,1.1 g·m-3,7.0 km和1.9×10-3s-1,可以考虑该站点及附近地区进入短时强降水临近预警状态,并利用2009年发生的强冰雹和短时强降水天气过程检验了这些临近预警指标性能. 相似文献
8.
滇南冰雹的预报预警方法研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用普洱市探空资料、CIND3830-CC新一代天气雷达资料、地面观测资料,对2004—2011年滇南普洱、西双版纳冰雹天气过程进行统计分析,总结出冰雹4个预报指标:(1)当单体回波满足冰雹云的初始特征和发展阶段特征时,可预报未来出现冰雹的可能较大,预报提前60 min以内;(2)当回波的组合反射率≥55 dBz、宽度≥12.0 km、梯度≥15 dBz·km~(-1)、H_(45 dBz)≥7.5 km、2—5月H_(45 dBz)-H_0≥3.1 km且H_(45 dBz)-H_(-20)≥-0.5 km、6-8月H_(45 dBz)-H_0≥2.0 km且H_(45 dBz)-H_(-20)≥-1.2km、VIL≥30 kg·m~(-2)、D_(VIL)≥3.0 g·m~(-3)时,预报有冰雹发生,预报提前12~102 min;(3)当回波具有弱切变特征、45 dBz回波顶高≥7.5 km、2—5月H_(45 dBz)-H_0≥3.1 km且H_(45 dBz)-H_(-20)≥-0.5 km、6—8月H_(45 dBz)-H_0≥2.0 km且H_(45 dBz)-H_(-20)≥-1.2 km时,可预报有冰雹出现,预报提前18~54 min;(4)若除去飑线和下击暴流回波,当回波的VIL≥30 kg·m~(-2)、D_(VIL)≥3.0 g·m~(-3)时,可预报有冰雹出现,预报提前12~54 min。此外,还总结了冰雹云的生命期特征等,并利用2012年发生的冰雹天气过程检验了预报指标。 相似文献
9.
滇南中小尺度灾害天气的多普勒统计特征及识别研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用普洱CIND3830-CC新一代天气雷达资料、地面观测资料、探空资料,对2004—2009年滇南普洱、西双版纳典型的中小尺度强对流天气的多普勒雷达回波特征进行统计分析,总结冰雹、大风、短时强降水的识别方法和预报指标。结果表明：冰雹云初始回波中心强度在40 dBz左右,高度在5 km左右,接近0℃层高度。冰雹云径向速度≥10m·s^-1,辐合特征明显,97%的移速≥30 km·h^-1,中心强度为55～69 dBz。97%的冰雹云的45 dBz回波顶高≥7.5 km,92%的冰雹云的45 dBz回波顶高超过-20℃层高度;大风回波可分为4种类型。96%的大风回波径向速度≥10 m·s^-1,50%的辐合特征明显,85%的移速≥30 km·h^-1,大风回波中心强度为30～55 dBz;强降水回波的辐合特征明显,79%的回波径向速度〈10 m·s^-1,85%的移速〈30 km·h^-1,回波强度集中在40～45 dBz,高度集中在6.5 km以下,强中心高度低于4.5 km,85%的强降水回波移速〈30 km·h^-1。这些特征可为短时临近预报提供参考。 相似文献
10.
天山北坡中部一次强对流风暴的雷达回波特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用Doppler雷达产品、结合常规观测资料,对2008年7月25日发生在石河子垦区中部、南部强对流天气的雷达回波特征进行了详细分析。结果表明:石河子垦区2008年7月25日强对流风暴发生在西伯利亚至巴尔喀什湖冷槽东南象限的对流不稳定层结中,近低层至地面有中尺度辐合切变线。该强风暴呈现出超级单体螺旋状回波,相应的径向速度图上出现中气旋和中尺度辐合带;冰雹的强回波中心强度达65dBz,60dBz回波顶高达5km、65dBz回波顶高达3km,垂直累积液态含水量由10kg.m-2跃增到75 kg.m-2,暴雨的强回波中心强度为55dBz,55dBz顶高达3.5km,垂直累积液态含水量由15kg.m-2增加到55 kg.m-2;Doppler雷达产品特征对冰雹、暴雨等强对流天气监测预警具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
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