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1.
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料以及常规观测的地面和高空资料,应用螺旋度和非地转湿Q矢量原理,对2000年7月9～15日一例东移高原低涡产生强降水过程进行了天气动力学诊断分析.结果表明:500 bPa z-螺旋度水平分布对低涡中心的移动、降水落区和强降水中心的分布具有较好指示性,强降水中心发生在500 hPa z-螺旋度梯度值最大的区域.z-螺旋度分布能较好地反映暴雨发生时大气的动力学特征,暴雨区上空,高层负涡度辐散与低层正涡度辐合相配合,是触发暴雨的动力机制.相对螺旋度更能全面地反映降水落区及降水中心分布情况,并对未来6 h后的降水落区及走向具有较好的预报性,强降水中心发生在相对螺旋度正、负中心连线梯度最大值的正值一侧.低层非地转湿Q矢量散度的辐合区与降水区相对应,辐合中心与强降水中心基本吻合,是降水落区定性诊断分析的有力工具;湿Q矢量散度的垂直分布对未来6 h降水的落区和移动预报提供了很好的参考信息. 相似文献
2.
利用NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1°×1°格点资料和MICAPS实时观测资料,使用水汽散度垂直通量、湿螺旋度等新型诊断物理量,对2009年8月2~4日发生在重庆地区由西南低涡东移引发的暴雨做了综合分析。结果表明:水汽主要在大气低层850hPa附近积聚,上升运动强,水汽的辐合上升区域与降水大值区较吻合。500hPa湿z-螺旋度负值区水平分布与相应时段降水落区和强降水中心的分布对应较好,垂直分布上:暴雨区低层正涡度、水汽辐合旋转上升与高层负涡度、水汽辐散相配合,是触发暴雨的有利动力机制。 相似文献
3.
《高原气象》2015,(4)
为了更好的提高成都地区(30.1°N-31.5°N,103°E-104.9°E)强降水的预报准确率,利用国家气象中心(T639)高分辨预报场(0.28°×0.28°)资料以及加密自动站降水量资料对成都地区2011-2012年汛期(7-9月)共计15例强降水个例进行湿螺旋度指标的统计分析,分别归纳总结出3 h、24 h内强降水发生、发展及落区分布的判据。利用这些判据对2013年6月20日以及7月8日发生在成都地区的两例强降水过程进行检验,同时根据这些判据对成都2013年6-8月强降水过程进行检验评分并投入业务试应用。结果表明,低层湿螺旋度对成都区域性暴雨的预报准确率较高。700 h Pa和850h Pa湿螺旋度正值区的分布对强降水落区分布有较好的预报效果,强降水出现在700 h Pa湿螺旋度正、负值等值线密集区(靠近正值一侧),以及850 h Pa正值区;当700 h Pa连续5~8个3 h维持在20×10-11~80×10-11Pa·s-3湿螺旋度时,出现区域性暴雨天气;当700 h Pa连续5~8个3 h维持在20×10-11~140×10-11Pa·s-3湿螺旋度时,出现区域性大暴雨天气;当不同层次上出现300×10-11~500×10-11Pa·s-3时,可能出现局地强对流天气,如大风、短时强降水等。 相似文献
4.
利用M ICAPS常规资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析产品,对2010年3月19—20日陕西榆林市一次强沙尘暴天气的z-螺旋度诊断分析。结果表明:西伯利亚阻高引导脊前冷空气下滑到新疆堆积,新疆横槽东移转竖是这次沙尘暴天气发生的高空引导系统,地面冷锋过境是沙尘暴过程的触发条件,地面强大的冷高压提供了沙尘暴大风天气长时间持续的气压梯度,局地z-螺旋度在沙尘暴的诊断分析中具有较好的特征。沙尘暴发生前在中高层,螺旋度先形成负值区,低空有弱正值区,沙尘暴发生期间,螺旋度变为-(60~80)×1-0 7m/s2的负值中心,螺旋度负值中心的持续时间与沙尘暴持续时间有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
5.
青南地区两次强对流天气过程中物理量诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《青海气象》2014,(1)
利用NECP的1°×1°的再分析同化全球资料,对玉树地区发生的两次强对流过程进行了动力条件及水汽条件的物理量诊断分析。结果表明,在强降水发生的时段内,中、低空垂直螺旋度有明显的增大过程,并出现正值中心,而高空垂直螺旋度则出现明显的减小且出现较强的负值中心。高、低空的负、正值闭合极值中心出现时间和强降水发生时间段具有良好的对应关系,尤其高层负值中心;中、低层均有较强的辐合区,辐合中心强度大于30×10-5·s-1,且一个明显的特征是该辐合区扩展到350 hPa以上,高层有较强的辐散区,其中心一般在250 hPa以上;青南地区出现较强的水汽辐合同时在其偏南地区出现较强的水汽辐散中心,对形成强降水过程非常有利;湿位涡的负值出现可能对临近强对流天气有一定的预报指示意义,湿位涡的正负值过渡区域可能是强对流天气的发生区域。 相似文献
6.
利用T213L19资料以及地面和高空观测资料,对2008年7月20～25日一次高原低涡东移引发四川盆地暴雨的机制进行了分析,结果表明:降水的发生、发展与湿位涡的时空演变有很好的对应关系,湿位涡高低层正负区叠加的配置是低涡暴雨发展的有利形势,MPV1负值中心和MPV2正值中心及其包围的密集区是暴雨产生的警戒区。中低层z-螺旋度水平分布对降水落区和强降水中心的分布有较好的指示性,z-螺旋度垂直分布能反映暴雨发生时大气的动力特征,雨区上空高层负涡度、辐散与低层正涡度、辐合相配合,是触发暴雨的动力机制;相对螺旋度与降水落区及降水中心亦配合较好,并与未来6h的降水落区和强度分布存在较好的正相关,这对降水落区及强度分布的预报有一定参考价值,强降水中心通常出现在相对螺旋度梯度的高值一侧。 相似文献
7.
基于Ｔ／２分数间隔的ＳＥＩ双模式盲均衡算法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°最后分析资料（final analysis,FNL）计算“圣帕”台风螺旋度,探讨各垂直层上水平螺旋度与强降水时间演变的关系、水平螺旋度与强降水落区的关系以及垂直螺旋度时间演变与强降水发生、发展的关系。结果表明,700 hPa螺旋度最能反映强降水时间演变,正螺旋度大值中心附近与暴雨落区一致,同区域内螺旋度中心值的强弱与该区域内降水的强弱关系密切;若垂直方向上高低层的螺旋度同时由负值转为正值,则强降水发生,反之降水减弱、停止;对于预报台风强降水时效,水平螺旋度远比垂直螺旋度、散度、垂直速度具有更多有效预报时间;对于预报台风强降水落区,垂直螺旋度比水平螺旋度更具有优势,若能利用垂直螺旋度对水平螺旋度预报强降水作出订正可能将有助于提高台风强降水预报准确率。 相似文献
8.
利用地面加密观测、Micaps资料和NCEP1°×1°再分析资料对1003号"灿都"台风造成云南暴雨进行诊断分析。结果表明:台风低压为高温高湿且具有强对流不稳定的深厚系统。进入云南后除了自身携带的大量水汽和能量外,先后有副热带高压西侧强盛偏南急流和孟加拉湾西南气流卷入,使得台风低压在云南持久不衰,并产生全省性强降水。诊断量"水汽螺旋度"对暴雨落区和强度有较好的对应关系,强降水多发生在水汽螺旋度正值中心的偏南侧。"水汽螺旋度"随时间变化的两个影响因子"螺旋度通量散度"和"湿螺旋度散度"对强降水的落区和强度也有较好的指示作用。若是分别对两个因子进行诊断,再综合分析环流形势,将能达到更好的强降水预报效果。 相似文献
9.
利用ncep 1°×1°再分析资料和地面加密自动站资料,采用动力诊断分析方法,对2008年9月22～ 26日发生在四川盆地西北部连续性暴雨的形成机制进行探讨.分析表明:连续性暴雨天气过程前期(对流性降水阶段),湿位涡正负区叠置的形式有利于低层气旋式辐合发展,强降水出现在对流层中下部MPV1 ＜0和低层MPV2＞0的范围内,而MPV1负值中心和MPV2正值中心及其包围的密集区,是暴雨产生的警戒区.后期(稳定性降水阶段),对流层高层MPV2负值位涡舌的向下伸展,有利于中低层大气斜压性增强,使垂直涡度发展,降水维持.湿螺旋度垂直分布能很好地反映暴雨发生时大气的动力特征,暴雨区上空低层正涡度、水汽辐合旋转上升与高层负涡度、辐散相配合,是触发暴雨的有利动力机制.强降水发生时段,湿螺旋度有显著增加,这对于降水发生的预报要优于z螺旋度. 相似文献
10.
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,计算了2006年第4号强热带风暴“碧利斯”过境引发强降水过程的湿位涡（MPV）和假相当位温（θse）,分析了其湿位涡中尺度时空分布特矸,探讨了湿位涡发展、减弱与暴雨增幅、减弱的相关性,并结合假相当位温分布对此次强降水发生发展机制进行了分析。结果表明,850 hPa层湿位涡负值中心与强降水区域均有较好的对应关系,强的降水区域在850 hPa层位于湿位涡负中心的暖湿气流一侧,与负中心相距1个纬距左右,MPV负值中心大小可反映降水强度;在低纬地区,MPV的湿正压项MPV1负值区、MPV的湿斜压项MPV2正值中心北部以及θse等值面陡然向地面转折处是预报强降水中心落区的一个判据;MPV1负值增长期,MPV2由负值向正值过渡期,对应降水增幅期; 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献