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1.
风廓线雷达资料在天气业务中的应用现状与展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
风廓线雷达是目前我国着重规划发展的垂直风廓线探测设备,其探测资料对天气预报预警具有重要价值。本文回顾了风廓线雷达资料在灾害性天气监测和预报中的应用,阐述了业务应用中存在的主要问题和未来发展的方向。风廓线雷达探测产品能够监测不同尺度天气系统的结构和演变,估计降水相态以及雨滴谱分布的云微物理信息,其提供的高空风资料进入快速同化系统和中尺度模式可以提高预报准确率,最后介绍了风廓线雷达单站和组网资料在强对流天气监测和业务中的应用情况,为预报员通过利用风廓线雷达资料了解天气系统的中尺度信息提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
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夏季不同天气条件下风廓线雷达探测精度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2016年6—8月沈阳地区TWP8-L型风廓线雷达观测资料,判断大气的均匀性,计算风廓线雷达的探测精度,并与探空气球的观测资料进行对比分析,得到晴空和不同降水条件下的风廓线雷达探测精度随高度的变化情况。研究结果表明,1000m高度以下风廓线雷达的探测精度较高。在无降水和均匀降水条件下,风廓线雷达的水平探测范围内大气均匀稳定,东西波束和南北波束测得的径向风对称性较好,(U_W-U_E)和(V_S-V_N)的平均差和标准差值较小;与GTS1型探空仪风速精度相差小于2.9m/s,两者相关性较好,风廓线雷达探测水平风的准确性较高。在探测范围不均匀的降水条件下,大气在风廓线雷达的水平探测范围内不均匀,东西波束和南北波束测得的径向风的对称性较差,垂直速度变化差异较大;U_W-U_E和V_S-V_N平均差和标准差值较大;与GTS1型探空仪风速精度相差大于2.0m/s,两者相关性较差,风廓线雷达探测水平风的准确性较低,需要进一步改进算法,改善数据质量,提高探测性能。 相似文献
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结合毫米波雷达提取降水条件下风廓线雷达大气垂直速度的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
风廓线雷达主要是利用大气湍流对电磁波的散射作用,在晴空条件下对大气风场等进行探测。在降水天气下,风廓线雷达能同时接收到大气湍流回波和雨滴的散射回波信号,其探测到的回波功率谱中降水信号谱和大气湍流信号谱叠加在一起,使得大气的运动被雨滴的运动信息所掩盖,给后续的大气风场反演带来误差。而毫米波云雷达在降水天气下仅能探测到云雨粒子的回波而无法探测到大气湍流回波,基于这一差异结合毫米波云雷达资料对风廓线雷达功率谱数据进行订正,剔除其中的降水回波信息,进而获取正确的大气运动垂直速度。通过一次典型弱降水天气过程的雷达资料对该方法进行了可行性验证,并将计算得出的大气垂直速度与传统双峰法提取的大气运动垂直速度及原始风廓线雷达垂直速度进行了对比分析,显示在弱降水天气下该方法能有效消除降水对风廓线雷达垂直速度测量的影响,提高弱降水天气下测速准确率,并且在湍流谱极其微弱的情况下该方法也能准确地获取到大气运动垂直速度信息。但是云雷达回波在降水时会有衰减,虽然是弱降水也会导致在高层距离库上的订正效果变差,故目前只适用于弱降水时低距库处的降水订正。 相似文献
5.
一次多相态天气过程的风廓线雷达探测资料特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用国产对流层Ⅱ型风廓线雷达资料对2012年3月17日北京地区经历的雾霾雨雪多相态天气过程进行了诊断分析,结果表明风廓线雷达探测产品能够很好地判别上述天气的发展转变过程,可以揭示降水过程的细节变化。雾霾维持时,风廓线雷达一般能够探测到非常弱的水平风和大气垂直运动,大气折射率参数很小,而近地面层信噪比则表现出较强的信号,高度一般在850 hPa以下,其上层大气的信噪比很弱,表现为晴空状态,上下对比度非常明显。同时,风廓线频谱高度图表现为无降水特征。降水发生前,对流层的信噪比会明显增强,风廓线雷达垂直波束的径向速度V_r首先在中高层出现正值,反映出下沉运动的不断增强现象,同时其他两对对称波束V_r不再维持对称形态。降水发生时,5个波束V_r自地面向上均转变为正值,且最大速度一般位于近地面层,同时最大V_r也不集中在垂直波束,反映了降雨过程中存在着风的影响。此时,谱宽一般稳定维持在1~2 m·s~(-1)。当降水发生相态转变时,谱宽会有明显的减小,信噪比增强,频谱图中V_r有所减弱,这种变化通常发生在整个边界层到对流层。降水结束时,上述现象成相反变化,谱宽增加,信噪比减弱,5个波束V_r呈对称形态。 相似文献
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本研究提出了一种在边界层风廓线雷达连续运行的降水探测时段中对降水频谱进行在线分析的新的应用方式。详细介绍了边界层风廓线雷达在线分析原理和方法。同时结合典型降水频谱个例,分析了可获得的多个潜在的气象参数和信息。并指出,该在线分析方式的实施可以使风廓线雷达的应用领域从晴空探测向降水测量拓展;有效缓解当前风廓线雷达应用存在的瓶颈问题;间接证明边界层风廓线雷达组网间距不固定的观点。文章分析说明,随着在线分析方式的推广应用,边界层风廓线雷达将成为单站精细化气象探测和预报/服务的重要工具。 相似文献
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为应用风廓线雷达监测降水天气,通过对2006年南京地区一次春季降雨过程的边界层风廓线雷达探测数据和自动站雨量数据进行对比分析和相关性统计,研究了降水发生、维持和消亡期间风廓线雷达资料的变化特征,分析风廓线雷达垂直速度、速度谱宽与降雨强度之间的相关性。结果表明：当降雨临近时,风廓线雷达水平风廓线上的空洞逐渐消失,当降雨结束时空洞再次出现,且伴随着低空急流的出现降水明显增强。随着降雨的发生,风廓线雷达产品的垂直速度、速度谱宽和折射率结构常数值均明显增大。整个降水期间,550 m高度层以下的垂直速度与降水量存在显著线性负相关,450-950 m高度层之间的速度谱宽与降水量存在显著线性正相关,可见垂直速度、速度谱宽的变化与降水强度关系密切;当垂直负速度变小或速度谱宽变大时,降水增强的可能性增大。研究结果揭示了风廓线雷达垂直速度、速度谱宽与降雨强度之间的内在联系,可为风廓线雷达应用于降雨天气的监测。 相似文献
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一次降雨过程风廓线雷达回波特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为应用风廓线雷达监测降水天气,通过对2006年南京地区一次春季降雨过程的边界层风廓线雷达探测数据与自动站雨量数据进行对比分析和相关性统计,研究降水发生、维持和消亡期间风廓线雷达资料的变化特征,分析风廓线雷达垂直速度、速度谱宽与降雨强度之间的相关性。结果表明：当降雨临近时,风廓线雷达水平风廓线上的空洞逐渐消失,当降雨结束时空洞再次出现,且伴随着低空急流的出现降水明显增强。随着降雨的发生,风廓线雷达产品的垂直速度、速度谱宽和折射率结构常数值均明显增大。整个降水期间,550 m高度层以下的垂直速度与降水量存在显著线性负相关,450—950 m高度层之间的速度谱宽与降水量存在显著线性正相关,可见垂直速度、速度谱宽的变化与降水强度关系密切;当垂直负速度变小或速度谱宽变大时,降水增强的可能性增大。研究结果揭示了风廓线雷达垂直速度、速度谱宽与降雨强度之间的内在联系,可为风廓线雷达应用于降雨天气监测提供参考。 相似文献
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风廓线雷达基于均匀风场假定条件计算水平风,在不考虑雷达系统测量误差的情况下,探测波束内风的不均匀性是影响雷达数据质量的主要因素。通过5波束风廓线雷达计算出两组独立的水平风分量Ue、Uw和Vn、Vs,利用旋转坐标系方法将风的水平速度不均匀分布和垂直速度水平不均匀分布对雷达测风的影响进行分离,对北京延庆CFL-08风廓线雷达2012年全年数据进行时间一致性平均质控处理,针对一小时分辨率数据分析了两种不均匀对测风数据质量的影响程度。结果表明：(1) 雷达波束空间内的水平不均匀和垂直不均匀对水平风测风数据的质量均有影响,影响程度与风速大小有关;(2) 晴空条件下垂直速度较小,水平不均匀是影响测风质量的主要因子,水平不均匀与垂直不均匀对测风质量影响比约为2:1;(3) 降水期间水平不均匀和垂直不均匀程度均大于晴空,二者对测风质量影响比约为1:1。本文分别分析了晴空和降水情况下风的空间不均匀分布对测风质量影响的可能原因,是改进水平风数据质量算法的预研究。 相似文献
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《高原气象》2017,(4)
利用2013年重庆多普勒天气雷达(SA)和风廓线雷达(TWP8-L)观测的垂直风廓线数据,对晴空、弱降水、一般性降水和强降水四种不同天气条件下垂直风廓线特征及其演变情况进行了分析。结果表明:(1)风廓线雷达的探测高度随降水增加逐渐增加;(2)晴空天气条件下,边界层(1 km以下)风向存在明显的日变化,夜间以偏东气流为主,白天以偏南气流为主,高空(3 km以上)为一致的偏西气流,风速较小;(3)弱降水天气条件下,边界层风向以偏东气流为主,相对较为杂乱,高空与晴空一致,中高层(1~3 km)以偏南气流为主;(4)一般性降水天气条件下,低层与弱降水较一致,而高空出现较一致的西南气流,有利于水汽输送,同时垂直切变具有较好的单一方向性,较有利于对流的发展和维持;(5)强降水天气条件下,风廓线雷达和多普勒雷达观测的垂直风廓线较为一致。降水前期风向随高度的增加逐渐由偏东气流转为偏西气流,有利于对流的触发;降水期间风切变具有很好的单一方向性并在中低层出现低空急流区,有利于对流系统的维持,同时西南气流厚度加深,也有利于水汽的输送;降水结束期风速减小,中低层风向也逐渐转为偏北气流,对流系统逐渐消亡。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献