共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
M. V. Panchenko T. B. Zhuravleva V. S. Kozlov I. M. Nasrtdinov V. V. Pol’kin S. A. Terpugova D. G. Chernov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(2):104-111
The results of numerical simulation of downward solar radiation fluxes for background and smoke-contaminated atmospheric conditions are discussed. Vertical profiles of aerosol characteristics are obtained from the empirical model based on the data of aircraft sounding of profiles of angular scattering coefficients and content of absorbing particles in the lower troposphere. The background model was created using the results of measurements obtained under cloudless and mostly cloudless atmospheric conditions in 1999–2011. Optical parameters of smoke aerosol are determined from the data of aircraft measurements in the period of long-term wildfires in Siberia in the summer 2012. It is demonstrated that deficiency in diurnal values of total solar radiation at the surface level caused by the formation of the optically dense smoke layer as compared to background conditions, is more than 13 MJ/m2. 相似文献
2.
Ching-Ming Sheih 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1984,28(3-4):329-342
Wind speed shear parameters derived from data collected at a 481-m TV tower are computed for disturbed conditions (cold frontal passage), all undisturbed winds, undisturbed high winds, and undisturbed low winds. The exponential values of the wind speed power law for the case of disturbed conditions are found to be smaller than those for the case of all undisturbed winds, for practically all atmospheric stabilities; the largest exponential value (0.45) appears in the undisturbed low wind case at Richardson numbers near 0.25. The largest mean and standard deviations of the wind shear at the lowest layer (7–26 m) are 0.129 and 0.066 s -1, respectively, which occur for the high wind case at near-neutral stability. The most significant differences between the cases of disturbed and all undisturbed winds are that the former has much larger wind speeds and wind shear standard deviations in atmospherically-stable conditions.Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. 相似文献
3.
一次典型层积云的飞机观测结果及与卫星资料的对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
飞机探测可直接获取云的微观结构特征量,但只是一些线段;卫星遥感资料可大范围监测云环境,但不是直接获得云参量,需要反演。因而开展云的飞机观测结果与卫星资料的对比分析是必要的。对1999月6月4日华北平原上一次层积云过程两个架次的飞机微物理探测资料进行了详细分析,并将飞机盘旋上升和下降取得的5次云参数垂直探测结果作为辐射传输模式SBDART2.4的输入,采取正演的方式与GMS5/VISSR、NOAA15/AVHRR反射通道的资料进行了对比分析。飞机探测显示层积云云厚约1000 m,云粒子浓度最大值425 cm-3,含水量最大值0.2 g/m3。第1架次云粒子浓度、含水量、有效半径的平均值为225±75 cm-3、0.08±0.03 g/m3、7.2±1.6μm,第2架次云粒子浓度、含水量、有效半径的平均值为196±73 cm-3、0.04±0.02 g/m3、4.9±1.4μm。按500 m垂直分层后,云粒子有效半径平均值为6.1±1.7μm,主体云层(1000—1500 m)柱含水量平均值为29.5±17.5 g/m2。敏感性试验表明当有云存在时,云的光学厚度是影响可见光通道反照率的主要因子,利用飞机探测云参数... 相似文献
4.
采用2013年中国科学院大气物理研究所香河大气综合观测试验站的地基微波辐射计和激光雷达观测数据,以激光雷达探测的大气边界层高度为参考,分别利用非线性神经网络和多元线性回归方法建立微波亮温直接反演大气边界层高度的算法,并对比两种方法的反演能力, 同时分析非线性神经网络算法在不同时段及不同天气状况下反演结果的差异。结果表明:非线性神经网络算法的反演能力优于多元线性回归算法,其反演结果与激光雷达探测的大气边界层高度有较好一致性,冬、春季的相关系数达到0.83,反演精度比线性回归算法约高26%;对于不同时段和不同天气条件,春季的反演结果最好,晴空的反演结果好于云天; 四季和不同天气状况的划分也有利于提高反演精度。 相似文献
5.
飞机积冰气象条件研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
飞机积冰的直接影响气象因子包括大气温度、云中过冷水含量、过冷水滴大小。飞机积冰气象条件的研究对于飞行安全保障、飞机适航验证、人工影响天气等方面具有重要意义。近年来在飞机积冰气象条件研究方面取得了很大进展,文章对飞机积冰气象条件的外场观测、天气系统、监测识别、预报方法、气候分布等方面进展进行了简要综述,并对有关问题进行了讨论。飞机探测结果表明,过冷水时空分布具有明显不均匀性,国外以大量飞机积冰观测试验为基础统计分析了积冰环境,并制定了用于飞机积冰适航验证的一系列标准。产生飞机积冰的主要天气系统是锋面、高空槽线和切变线,冻雨往往产生强积冰。综合多源遥感数据各自的优势信息,建立飞机积冰区域识别技术是主要趋势。具有对云水显式预报能力的中尺度模式为预报飞机积冰提供了更好的工具。同时将多种监测数据、模式数据相融合的实时积冰潜势系统是新的发展方向。 相似文献
6.
The measurements obtained during the ECLATS experiment were used in order to determine the surface energy budget of the Sahel region (Niamey, Niger). This expedition was carried out from November 15 to December 10, 1980, during the dry period. Some data were collected by an instrumented aircraft, from which the turbulent fluxes were obtained in the boundary layer around midday; data were also collected at a surface station in order to estimate the surface energy budget continuously by the profile method. The aircraft measurements show the homogeneity of the vertical fluxes over large areas, allowing generalization to the bushy steppe of the Sahel region. The mean diurnal cycle of the energy budget is characterized by high values of ground heat flux and weak values of latent heat flux (deduced from the balance of the energy budget). This cycle is compared with that of the Koorin expedition, performed in similar conditions (tropical savanna in the dry period). We compare the three midday budgets: during Koorin; during ECLATS, at the ground station, and with the aircraft. The important differences that appear in the net radiative flux are explained by the difference in surface albedo.Ecole des Sciences, Université de Niamey, B.P. 10662 Niamey, Niger. 相似文献
7.
飞机报资料在0506华南致灾暴雨过程模拟中的应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
利用常规和非常规观测资料,对2005年6月18～24日华南地区的一次致灾暴雨过程进行了分析,并对18～19日的过程进行了模拟研究。由于常规观测资料的分析对于描述暴雨的系统结构等方面尚显不足,因此利用GRAPES模式对此次暴雨过程进行了模拟研究。采用不同资料,利用模式同化系统经过12小时的同化,将得出的不同的同化分析场作为模式的初始场,对此次过程进行24小时的数值模拟做对比模拟试验,来对比分析飞机报同化场对于模式预报的改进作用。试验证明,利用有飞机报加入的同化分析场做初始场的模拟结果不仅能够模拟出主要的降水区域,而且降水强度与实况更加吻合,比未加入飞机报的控制试验结果的准确率提高了。飞机报资料的使用对于提高此次暴雨过程模拟效果是可行的、必要的,而且也为该资料用于华南暴雨的预报奠定了基础。 相似文献
8.
THE APPLICATION OF ASSIMILATED AIRCRAFT DATA IN SIMULATING A HEAVY RAIN OVER SOUTH CHINA IN JUNE 2005 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Regular and irregular observational data are used to analyze and simulate a torrential rain over the south of China on 18 – 24 June 2005. Since the regular data cannot depict the rainfall system fully, GRAPES model is used to simulate this process. Different data are assimilated for 12 hours by its simulating system and different analysis data are obtained. In order to analyze how well the model forecast has been improved with the addition of assimilated aircraft data, these different analysis data are used as the first-guess data to conduct two control numerical simulation tests. From these tests, it is proved that the model that adds aircraft assimilation data can simulate the main region of precipitation, which is more consistent with the observed precipitation than the model that does not, and that the accuracy rate is also improved. These numerical simulation tests not only show that it is necessary and capable to improve the modeling of this torrential rain process by using aircraft data, but also lays the foundation for forecasting heavy rains in the south of China based on aircraft data. 相似文献
9.
地形影响的飞机颠簸及其数值仿真实验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
首先利用中尺度数值模式ARPS模拟气流过山生成飞行数值仿真所需要的风场，然后利用飞机载荷因数变量方程进行飞机飞行的数值仿真试验。研究结果表明，气流过山产生的山脉重力波由于风切变临界层破碎，一方面能在对流层产生较强的湍流引起晴空飞机颠簸，另一方面也能在山脉背风面产生强烈下坡风，背风转子环流及低空湍流，影响飞机的起飞和着陆。揭示了飞机在过山脉地形背风面所产生的大气湍流中飞行时引起飞机颠簸的物理机制，有助于增强飞机颠簸的预测能力和飞行气象保障能力。 相似文献
10.
In near-calm conditions it is difficult to make direct measurements of atmospheric advection reliably and cheaply, particularly at many points over a large area. An alternative indirect method is examined using time-series measurements of atmospheric temperature (or any other convenient conserved field variable) at points on a spatial grid.System identification methodology is applied to analyze atmospheric temperature data obtained in such near-calm conditions during an experiment with a low-flying helicopter. A three-parameter numerical model of atmospheric advection has been identified in the temperature data, the advection parameters being an eddy diffusion coefficient and horizontal components of the wind velocity. It has been demonstrated by analysis of all the assumptions, and using simulated data, that in this case the standard least-square procedure can be applied to recover sensible parameter estimates, even though the model is of the error-in-variables type and parameters appear to change abruptly at certain moments of time (but by a reasonably small amount). The parameter estimates have been validated against independent data. 相似文献
11.
该文介绍了利用搭载在FY-3A卫星上的中分辨率光谱成像仪 (MERSI) 的近红外 (NIR) 通道反演大气水汽总量 (PWV) 的方法。根据预先建立的查找表,大气水汽总量可以通过水汽通道与窗区通道的卫星测值相比反演得到。对MERSI近红外水汽通道灵敏度进行估算,结果表明:处于吸收带两翼的905 nm和980 nm通道对不同水汽量的敏感性表现比较接近,对较大水汽含量最为敏感;当水汽较弱时,强吸收的940 nm通道非常敏感。基于这3个通道对水汽含量敏感性的不同表现,采用3个通道水汽总量的加权平均值作为PWV产品的最终反演值。文中设计了水汽总量业务算法反演流程,并基于FY-3A/MERSI最新观测资料进行晴空大气水汽总量的业务处理生成试验,顺利生成MERSI单轨道水汽总量产品及日拼图中国区域产品和全球产品,同时生成多天合成产品,产品反映出MERSI具有较好的近红外水汽探测能力。将卫星反演结果与探空数据进行初步比对检验,显示卫星反演值有20%~30%系统性偏低,需要进一步改进反演查找表。 相似文献
12.
一种改进的飞机自然结冰潜势算法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
飞机结冰严重危害飞行安全,随着国产大飞机计划的推进以及自然结冰试飞试验的开展,飞机结冰研究越来越引起了民航和气象等诸多部门的重视。本文介绍了一个改进的飞机自然结冰潜势算法,该算法直接基于大气温湿层结给出结冰潜势,可以识别多种天气条件下(包括冻雨)的飞机结冰可能,具有命中率高、虚警率低、应用简便、实用性强的特点。用26个飞机结冰试飞(飞行)报告对该算法进行了检验和评估,发现该算法能较好地估测多种天气条件下飞机在飞行中实际遭遇结冰的情况,且能给出结冰的区域和大致高度。同时,在安庆的一次飞机自然结冰外场试验中对该方法进行了应用,发现结合地面观测、探空秒数据和卫星资料等,该结冰潜势诊断方法可以准确诊断结冰层的高度和随时间的变化,与飞机实际空中探测具有较高的符合度。 相似文献
13.
Abstract Airborne measurements of mean wind velocity and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer under wintertime conditions of cold offshore advection suggest that at a height of 50 m the mean wind speed increases with offshore distance by roughly 20% over a horizontal scale of order 10 km. Similarly, the vertical gust velocity and turbulent kinetic energy decay on scales of order 3.5 km by factors of 1.5 and 3.2, respectively. The scale of cross‐shore variations in the vertical fluxes of heat and downwind momentum is also 10 km, and the momentum flux is found to be roughly constant to 300 m, whereas the heat flux decreases with height. The stability parameter, z/L (where z = 50 m and L is the local Monin‐Obukhov length), is generally small over land but may reach order one over the warm ocean. The magnitude and horizontal length scales associated with the offshore variations in wind speed and turbulence are reasonably consistent with model results for a simple roughness change, but a more sophisticated model is required to interpret the combined effects of surface roughness and heat flux contrasts between land and sea. Comparisons between aircraft and profile‐adjusted surface measurements of wind speed indicate that Doppler biases of 1–2 m s?1 in the aircraft data caused by surface motions must be accounted for. In addition, the wind direction measurements of the Minimet anemometer buoy deployed in CASP are found to be in error by 25 ± 5°, possibly due to a misalignment of the anemometer vane. The vertical fluxes of heat and momentum show reasonably good agreement with surface estimates based on the Minimet data. 相似文献
14.
By using IAP 9L AGCM, two sets of long-term climatological integration have been per-formed with the two different interpolation procedures for generating the daily surface boundary conditions. One interpolation procedure is the so-called “traditional” scheme, for which the daily surface boundary conditions are obtained by linearly interpolating between the observed monthly mean values, however the observed monthly means cannot be preserved after interpolation. The other one is the “new” scheme, for which the daily surface boundary conditions are obtained by linearly interpolating between the "artificial" monthly mean values which are based on, but are dif-ferent from the observed ones, after interpolating with this new scheme, not only the observed monthly mean values are preserved, the time series of the new generated daily values is also more consistent with the observation. Comparison of the model results shows that the differences of the globally or zonally averaged fields between these two integrations are quite small, and this is due to the compensating effect between the different regions. However, the differences of the two patterns (the global or regional geographical distributions), are quite significant, for example, the magni-tude of the difference in the JJA mean rainfall between these two integrations can exceed 2 mm/day over Asian monsoon regions, and the difference in DJF mean surface air temperature can also exceed 2oC over this region. The fact that the model climatology depends quite strongly on the method of prescribing the daily surface boundary conditions suggests that in order to validate the climate model or to predict the short-term climate anomalies, either the " new* interpolation scheme or the high frequency surface boundary conditions (e.g., daily or weekly data instead of the monthly data) should be introduced. Meanwhile, as for the coupled model, the daily coupling scheme between the different component cli?mate models (e.g., atmospheric and oceanic general circulation models) is preferred in order to partly eliminate the “climate drift” problem which may appear during the course of direct coupling. 相似文献
15.
Phase Two of the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment (IMFRE-II) over the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River in 2020 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Phase Two of the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment(IMFRE-II)was conducted over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the period 16 June to 19 July 2020.This paper provides a brief overview of the IMFRE-II field campaign,including the multiple ground-based remote sensors,aircraft probes,and their corresponding measurements during the 2020 mei-yu period,as well as how to use these numerous datasets to answer scientific questions.The highlights of IMFRE-II are:(1)to the best of our knowledge,IMFRE-II is the first field campaign in China to use ground-based,airborne,and spaceborne platforms to conduct comprehensive observations over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;and(2)seven aircraft flights were successfully carried out,and the spectra of ice particles,cloud droplets,and raindrops at different altitudes were obtained.These in-situ measurements will provide a“cloud truth”to validate the ground-based and satellite-retrieved cloud and precipitation properties and quantitatively estimate their retrieval uncertainties.They are also crucial for the development of a warm(and/or cold)rain conceptual model in order to better understand the cloud-to-rain conversion and accretion processes in mei-yu precipitation events.Through an integrative analysis of ground-based,aircraft,and satellite observations and model simulations,we can significantly improve our cloud and precipitation retrieval algorithms,investigate the microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation,understand in-depth the formation and dissipation mechanisms of mei-yu frontal systems,and improve cloud microphysics parameterization schemes and model simulations. 相似文献
16.
A. M. Devyatkin V. M. Krasnov Yu. V. Kuleshov A. B. Makov S. S. Suvorov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2012,37(2):98-105
The results of the simulation of atmospheric impact on the scattering of space rocket modules are presented. It is demonstrated
that the values of forecasted impact areas of space rocket modules decrease by almost two times in the case of the use of
the data on the actual and predicted atmospheric conditions. 相似文献
17.
The ice water content(IWC) distribution in a mixed-phase cloud system was investigated using Cloud-Sat data,aircraft measurements,and the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model.Simulated precipitation and IWC were in general agreement with rain gauge,sat-ellite,and aircraft observations.The cloud case was char-acterized by a predominant cold layer and high IWC throughout the cloud-development and precipitation stages.The CloudSat-retrieved products suggested that the IWC was distributed from 4.0 to 8.0 km,with the maximum values(up to 0.5 g m-3) at 5.0-6.0 km at the earlymature stage of cloud development.High IWC(up to 0.8 g m-3) was also detected by airborne probes at 4.2 and 3.6 km at the late-mature stage.The WRF model simulation re-vealed that the predominant riming facilitated rapid ac-cumulation of high IWC at 3.0-6.0 km. 相似文献
18.
青藏高原地区地表温度及其取值对大气长波辐射冷却的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
针对辐射传输模式在青藏高原地区的应用问题，使用Ｌｉｏｕ－Ｏｕ一维辐射传输模式及１９８２年８月￣１９８３年７月青藏高原热源观测实验期间青藏高原地面、高空与卫星观测资料，在高原辐射传输模式中区分了下垫面温度与地表空气温度的作用，并利用卫星观测资料对模式改进后的实际效果进行了验证；分析了地表温度的日变化和季节变化硬度，得到了下垫面温度的简单参数化方法。 相似文献
19.
飞机积冰是影响飞行安全的重要危险天气,准确的积冰诊断对民航运行与安全具有重大意义,特别是对国产大飞机适航取证具有重要作用。本文参考改进的CIP(Current Icing Potential)指数,使用垂直速度和云中液态水含量对积冰潜势诊断指数进行优化得到SCIP(Simplified Current Icing Potential)指数,该指数直接基于大气层结资料给出较为准确地飞机积冰潜势,具有命中率高、实用性强的特点。用2021年2月28日至12月31日民航航空器报告对原CIP指数和SCIP指数进行对比验证评估,发现相比于原CIP指数,SCIP指数具有更优异的ROC曲线(Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve)和TSS评分(True Skill Score)。但是对于不同程度的积冰,原CIP指数和SCIP指数均表现出较一致诊断效果,表明SCIP指数对诊断飞机积冰潜势具有重要作用,但无法判断积冰强度。根据2020年3月16日陕西区域飞机结冰个例验证表明增加垂直速度和云中液态水含量的影响对飞机积冰的描述更加细致,对提升积冰潜势诊断效果具有重要意义... 相似文献
20.
利用中国气象局大气探测试验基地的L波段探空数据和微波辐射计观测数据,采用MonoRTM辐射传输模型作为正演亮温模型,BP (back propagation) 神经网络作为反演工具,在由亮温反演大气湿度廓线的过程中,添加与样本匹配的云底高度和云厚度信息,建立新的反演模型,使新反演模型得到的反演湿度廓线和未添加云信息的反演湿度廓线分别与探空数据进行对比,获取两种反演方法各高度层的均方根误差,分析云信息对反演大气湿度廓线的影响。对比结果表明:未添加云信息时,测试样本的反演湿度廓线与探空廓线的相关系数平均值为0.685,而添加云信息后,相关系数平均值为0.805。相比未添加云信息的反演廓线,添加云信息之后多数高度层的均方根误差均有不同程度减小,而在有云以上高度层表现尤为明显。 相似文献