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1.
BASIC CLIMATOLOGICAL FEATURES OF AIR-SEA HEAT EXCHANGES IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA (SCS) REGION AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE SCS MONSOONS 
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下载免费PDF全文 By using the NCEP reanalysis data set in 1979-1995, the fluxes of the latent heat, thesensible heat and the net long-wave radiation in the South China Sea (SCS) are expanded by meansof EOF in order to discuss the basic climatological features in the SCS. The detailed analysis showsthat the air-sea heat exchanges in different SCS regions have different seasonal variations. Themiddle and the north of the SCS are the high value regions of the air-sea heat exchanges during thewinter and the summer monsoon periods, respectively, the seasonal variations of air-sea heatexchanges in the south of the SCS are small. In addition, the proportions of different componentsin the total air-sea heat exchanges have different seasonal variations in different regions. Theresults show that the SCS monsoon and the air-sea heat exchanges in the SCS region are theaccompaniments of each other, the great difference of the sensible heat flux between the IndochinaPeninsula and the SCS before the SCS summer monsoon onset may be one of the triggers of thelatter. There maintains a high value center of the sensible heat flux before the 13th dekad, itsdisappearing time consists with that of the summer monsoon onset. It means that as far as the SCSlocal conditions are concerned, the northwest of the Indochina Peninsula is probably a sensitiveregion to the SCS summer monsoon onset and the land may play a leading role in the SCS summermonsoon onset. 相似文献
2.
Based on TBB data from Meteorological Institute Research of Japan, study is carried out of the features of seasonal transition of Asian-Australian monsoons and Asian summer monsoon establishment,indicating that the transition begins as early as in April, followed by abrupt change in May-June; the Asian summer monsoon situation is fully established in June. The winter convective center in Sumatra moved steadily northwestward across the "land bridge" of the maritime continent and the Indo-China Peninsula as time goes from winter to summer, thus giving rise to the change in large scale circulations that is responsible for the summer monsoon establishment over SE Asia and India; the South China Sea to the western Pacific summer monsoon onset bears a close relation to the active convection in the Indo China Peninsula and steady eastward retreat of the subtropical TBB high-value band,corresponding to the western Pacific subtropical high. 相似文献
3.
亚澳季风区水汽输送季节转换特征 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15
利用NCEP／NCAR 1957～2001年45年逐日的再分析资料，从地面开始积分计算整层的水汽输送通量，从气候平均的角度分析了亚澳季风区大尺度水汽输送的季节转换演变特征。分析发现，亚澳季风区水汽输送由冬季向夏季的季节转换的基本特征是：夏季大值输送带的建立及其自西向东伸展，伴随着斯里兰卡低涡活动、自南向北的越赤道输送和副高的东撤、南海夏季风建立等一系列天气气候事件；而冬季形势的建立则是副高南侧东风输送带的西伸，伴随夏季大值输送带的断裂、西撤，最后形成亚洲低纬东风输送带，进而形成由北向南的越赤道输送以及澳大利亚和南印度洋夏季风水汽输送。伴随着冬、夏季节转换，中南半岛以西和以东地区的西风水汽输送的经向移动表现出完全不一样的特征，表明印度季风和东亚-西太平洋季风的形成机制有很大不同。 相似文献
4.
TBB资料揭示的亚澳季风区季节转换及亚洲夏季风建立的特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
发展了一个用于台风路径预报的初始场人造台风方案。该方案除包含对称台风环流外,也考虑了非对称风的作用。使用双向移动套网格模式作的试验预报结果表明,初始场中引入人造台风后能明显提高径预报的水平。 相似文献
5.
亚洲季风区地面感热通量的区域变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用1979－1995年（缺1986、1987、1993）NCEP／NCAR再分析资料中的逐旬感热通量资料，对亚洲季风区地面感热通量的空间结构及时间演变进行了旋转经验正交函数（REOF）分析。结果表明：印度半岛和中南半岛地区感势通量的变化与亚洲季风的爆发及演变有密切关系，是季风爆发的主要关键区。这两个地区的感热积累是东亚季风爆发的触发因素之一，尤其是印度半岛北部感热通量的突变对印度夏季风演变十分重要。印度半岛北部与青藏高原西部的热力差异在季风的爆发和维持中占有重要地位。而东北亚与西北太平洋的热力差异只对东亚夏季风的演变有影响，与冬季风则无直接关联。在东亚季风的爆发中居主导地位的还是印度半岛北部和青藏高原西北部的感热加热作用。 相似文献
6.
青藏高原的热力和动力作用对亚洲季风区环流的影响 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了青藏高原热状况的季节变化、动力和热力作用对周围环流,特别是对亚洲热带季风环流的影响。高原对西风带的机械作用在冬季最强,春季次之。冬季的机械作用形成以高原为主,南侧气旋性、北侧反气旋性的"偶极子"偏差环流,它比传统认识的爬坡、绕流的影响范围大得多,遍及东亚的高、低纬度。随着西风带的北移和高原总加热在4月由负变正,南侧气旋性偏差环流增强并逐渐北移,6月形成气旋盘踞整个高原的夏季型。在高原南侧,高原冬季偶极型、夏季加热的作用导致孟加拉湾地区常年存在印缅槽,使得印度半岛的感热加热始终强于中南半岛,而中南半岛上空的潜热加热大于印度半岛。印缅槽的演变存在明显的半年周期,证明2月初和8月初的较强低压槽分别对应冬季高原最强的动力强迫和夏季高原最强的热力强迫。对低纬经向风场的分析还表明,季风爆发前高原的热力作用尤为重要,是导致江南春雨的形成,亚洲季风最早在孟加拉湾东部爆发,最后在印度半岛爆发的原因。 相似文献
7.
This paper reviews briefly advances in recent research on monsoon by Chinese scholars, including primarily： （1） the establishment of various monsoon indices. In particular, the standardized dynamic seasonal variability index of the monsoon can delimit the geographical distribution of global monsoon systems and determine quantitatively the date of abrupt change in circulation. （2） The provision of three driving forces for the generation of monsoon. （3） The revelation of the heating-pump action of the Tibetan Plateau, which strengthens southerlies in the southern and southeastern periphery of the Plateau and results in a strong rainfall center from the northern Bay of Bengal （BOB） to the Plateau itself. （4） Clarification of the initial onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon （ASM） in the BOB east of 90°E, Indochina Peninsula （ICP） and the South China Sea, of which the rapid northward progression of tropical convection in the Sumatra and the rapid westward movement of the South Asia High to the Indochina Peninsula are the earliest signs. （5） The provision of an integrated mechanism for the onset of the East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM）, which emphasizes the integrated impact of sensible heat over Indian Peninsula, the warm advection of the Tibetan Plateau and the sensible heat and latent heat over the Indochina Peninsula on the one hand, and the seasonal phase-lock effect of the northward propagation of low frequency oscillation on the other. （6） The revelation of the ＂planetary-scale moisture transport large-value band＂ from the Southern Hemisphere through to the Asian monsoon region and into the North Pacific, which is converged by several large-scale moisture transport belts in the Asian-Australian monsoon regions and whose variation influences directly the temporal and spatial distribution of summer rainfall in China. （7） Presenting the features of the seasonal advance of the EASM, the propagation of intraseasonal oscillation, and their relationship with rainfall in Ch 相似文献
8.
CHARACTERISTICS OF 10-DAY MEAN SURFACE SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX VARIATIONS IN THE SCS MONSOON REGION AND POSSIBLE CONNECTIONS WITH THE SCS SUMMER MONSOON ONSET* 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The time and space variations of the ten-day mean surface sensible heat flux have been analyzed in this paper based on the data of NCEP/NCAR from January of 1979 to December of 1995 in the South China Sea (SCS) monsoon region.It is found that large variations of the surface sensible heat flux standard deviations exist in the northwestern Indochina Peninsula and the Indian Peninsula regions,and their locations and strength change significantly during the onset period of SCS monsoon.The negative deviations appear evidently earlier in the Indocbina Peninsula than in the Indian Peninsula but the deviation strength in the Indian Peninsula is stronger than that in the Indochina Peninsula.The appearance of the zonal negative mean deviations in the southern part of the Indochina Peninsula corresponds to the date of the SCS summer monsoon onset,while the occurrence of the deviation decrease corresponds to the date of the South Asian monsoon onset.The sensible heat flux increases dekad by dekad before the onset of the summer monsoon in the Indian Peninsula and the Indochina Peninsula and decreases after the monsoon onset.Therefore,the surface sensible heat flux changes in the Indochina and the Indian Peninsula regions maybe have some connections with the SCS monsoon onset and the Indian monsoon onset,and the Indochina Peninsula maybe becomes the sensitive or key region to the SCS monsoon onset and the land maybe plays an important role in triggering summer monsoon onset. 相似文献
9.
The time and space variations of the ten-day mean surface sensible heat flux have beenanalyzed in this paper based on the data of NCEP/NCAR from January of 1979 to December of1995 in the South China Sea(SCS)monsoon region.It is found that large variations of the surfacesensible heat flux standard deviations exist in the northwestern Indochina Peninsula and the IndianPeninsula regions,and their locations and strength change significantly during the onset period ofSCS monsoon.The negative deviations appear evidently earlier in the Indocbina Peninsula than inthe Indian Peninsula but the deviation strength in the Indian Peninsula is stronger than that in theIndochina Peninsula.The appearance of the zonal negative mean deviations in the southern part ofthe Indochina Peninsula corresponds to the date of the SCS summer monsoon onset,while theoccurrence of the deviation decrease corresponds to the date of the South Asian monsoon onset.The sensible heat flux increases dekad by dekad before the onset of the summer monsoon in theIndian Peninsula and the Indochina Peninsula and decreases after the monsoon onset.Therefore,the surface sensible heat flux changes in the Indochina and the Indian Peninsula regions maybe havesome connections with the SCS monsoon onset and the Indian monsoon onset,and the IndochinaPeninsula maybe becomes the sensitive or key region to the SCS monsoon onset and the land maybeplays an important role in triggering summer monsoon onset. 相似文献
10.
Recent Progress in the Impact of the Tibetan Plateau on Climate in China 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
Studies of the impacts of the Tibetan Plateau （TP） on climate in China in the last four years are reviewed. It is reported that temperature and precipitation over the TP have increased during recent decades. From satellite data analysis, it is demonstrated that most of the precipitation over the TP is from deep convection clouds. Moreover, the huge TP mechanical forcing and extraordinary elevated thermal forcing impose remarkable impacts upon local circulation and global climate. In winter and spring, stream flow is deflected by a large obstacle and appears as an asymmetric dipole, making East Asia much colder than mid Asia in winter and forming persistent rainfall in late winter and early spring over South China. In late spring, TP heating contributes to the establishment and intensification of the South Asian high and the abrupt seasonal transition of the surrounding circulations. In summer, TP heating in conjunction with the TP air pump cause the deviating stream field to resemble a cyclonic spiral, converging towards and rising over the TP. Therefore, the prominent Asian monsoon climate over East Asia and the dry climate over mid Asia in summer are forced by both TP local forcing and Eurasian continental forcing.
Due to the longer memory of snow and soil moisture, the TP thermal status both in summer and in late winter and spring can influence the variation of Eastern Asian summer rainfall. A combined index using both snow cover over the TP and the ENSO index in winter shows a better seasonal forecast.
On the other hand, strong sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau in spring contributes significantly to anchor the earliest Asian monsoon being over the eastern Bay of Bengal （BOB） and the western Indochina peninsula. Qualitative prediction of the BOB monsoon onset was attempted by using the sign of meridional temperature gradient in March in the upper troposphere, or at 400 hPa over the TP. It is also demonstrated by a numerical experiment and theoretical study that the heating over the TP lea 相似文献
Due to the longer memory of snow and soil moisture, the TP thermal status both in summer and in late winter and spring can influence the variation of Eastern Asian summer rainfall. A combined index using both snow cover over the TP and the ENSO index in winter shows a better seasonal forecast.
On the other hand, strong sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau in spring contributes significantly to anchor the earliest Asian monsoon being over the eastern Bay of Bengal （BOB） and the western Indochina peninsula. Qualitative prediction of the BOB monsoon onset was attempted by using the sign of meridional temperature gradient in March in the upper troposphere, or at 400 hPa over the TP. It is also demonstrated by a numerical experiment and theoretical study that the heating over the TP lea 相似文献
11.
The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, CMAP rainfall and Hadley Centre sea surface temperature (SST) datasets are used to investigate the relationship between the seasonal transition of East Asian monsoon and Asian-Pacific thermal contrast, together with the possible causes. Based on the 250 hPa air temperature over two selected key areas, the Asian-Pacific thermal difference (APTD) index is calculated. Results show that the APTD index is highly consistent with the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) index defined by Zhao et al., in terms of different key areas in different seasons. Moreover, the time point of the seasonal transition of the Asian-Pacific thermal contrast can be well determined by the APTD index, indicative of seasonal variation in East Asian atmospheric circulation from winter to summer. The transition characteristic of the circulation can be summarized as follows. The continental cold high at lower tropospheric level moves eastward to the East China Sea and decreases rapidly in intensity, while the low-level northerlies turn to southerlies. At middle tropospheric level, the East Asia major trough is reduced and moves eastward. Furthermore, the subtropical high strengthens and appears near Philippines. The South Asia high shifts from the east of Philippines to the west of Indochina Peninsula, and the prevailing southerlies change into northerlies in upper troposphere. Meanwhile, both the westerly and easterly jets both jump to the north. The seasonal transition of atmospheric circulation is closely related to the thermal contrast, and the possible mechanism can be concluded as follows. Under the background of the APTD seasonal transition, the southerly wind appears firstly at lower troposphere, which triggers the ascending motion via changing vertical shear of meridional winds. The resultant latent heating accelerates the transition of heating pattern from winter to summer. The summer heating pattern can further promote the adjustment of circulation, which favors the formation and strengthening of the low-level southerly and upper-level northerly winds. As a result, the meridional circulation of the East Asian subtropical monsoon is established through a positive feedback between the circulation and thermal fields. Moreover, the time point of this seasonal transition has a significant positive correlation with the SST anomalies over the tropical central-eastern Pacific Ocean, providing a basis for the short-term climate prediction. 相似文献
12.
ABRUPT CHANGE IN ELEMENTS AROUND 1998 SCS SUMMER MONSOON ESTABLISHMENT WITH ANALYSIS OF ITS CHARACTERISTIC PROCESS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The latest dataset from the SCS(South China Sea)Monsoon Experiment is used to investigatethe features of abrupt change in some meteorological elements before,during and after the summermonsoon's establishment in 1998 and explore its onset characteristic process.We have arrived at apreliminary conclusion that the 1998 Asian summer monsoon is established first in the SCS as earlyas May 23,which is representative of the earliest indicator of the conversion from a winter into asummer monsoon situation in Asia;the continued retreat eastward of the western Pacificsubtropical high from the SCS region has direct effect on the SCS summer monsoon establishmentbecause the withdrawal favors the release of unstable energy,responsible for the sudden onset ofthe monsoon.Our tentative investigation indicates that the eastward extension of the westerly andrainfall band from the equatorial Indian Ocean into the Indo-China Peninsula and the southwardspreading of an active South-China stationary front,acting as the interaction between mid and lowlatitude systems,are likely to be the characteristic events contributing to the subtropical high'seastward retreating and the summer monsoon's onset over the SCS. 相似文献
13.
The East Asian summer monsoon: an overview 总被引：38，自引：1，他引：38
Summary The present paper provides an overview of major problems of the East Asian summer monsoon. The summer monsoon system over East Asia (including the South China Sea (SCS)) cannot be just thought of as the eastward and northward extension of the Indian monsoon. Numerous studies have well documented that the huge Asian summer monsoon system can be divided into two subsystems: the Indian and the East Asian monsoon system which are to a greater extent independent of each other and, at the same time, interact with each other. In this context, the major findings made in recent two decades are summarized below: (1) The earliest onset of the Asian summer monsoon occurs in most of cases in the central and southern Indochina Peninsula. The onset is preceded by development of a BOB (Bay of Bengal) cyclone, the rapid acceleration of low-level westerlies and significant increase of convective activity in both areal extent and intensity in the tropical East Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. (2) The seasonal march of the East Asian summer monsoon displays a distinct stepwise northward and northeastward advance, with two abrupt northward jumps and three stationary periods. The monsoon rain commences over the region from the Indochina Peninsula-the SCS-Philippines during the period from early May to mid-May, then it extends abruptly to the Yangtze River Basin, and western and southern Japan, and the southwestern Philippine Sea in early to mid-June and finally penetrates to North China, Korea and part of Japan, and the topical western West Pacific. (3) After the onset of the Asian summer monsoon, the moisture transport coming from Indochina Peninsula and the South China Sea plays a crucial “switch” role in moisture supply for precipitation in East Asia, thus leading to a dramatic change in climate regime in East Asia and even more remote areas through teleconnection. (4) The East Asian summer monsoon and related seasonal rain belts assumes significant variability at intraseasonal, interannual and interdecadal time scales. Their interaction, i.e., phase locking and in-phase or out-phase superimposing, can to a greater extent control the behaviors of the East Asian summer monsoon and produce unique rythem and singularities. (5) Two external forcing i.e., Pacific and Indian Ocean SSTs and the snow cover in the Eurasia and the Tibetan Plateau, are believed to be primary contributing factors to the activity of the East Asian summer monsoon. However, the internal variability of the atmospheric circulation is also very important. In particular, the blocking highs in mid-and high latitudes of Eurasian continents and the subtropical high over the western North Pacific play a more important role which is quite different from the condition for the South Asian monsoon. The later is of tropical monsoon nature while the former is of hybrid nature of tropical and subtropical monsoon with intense impact from mid-and high latitudes. 相似文献
14.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、CMAP降水及Hadley环流中心海温资料等,对东亚季风环流由夏向冬的季节转变与中国前冬气候的关系进行了研究。参考前人定义的亚太热力差指数,计算了1979-2016年亚太热力场由夏向冬的季节转变时间(平均为56. 6候)。结果表明,该季节转变时间点能很好地表征东亚季风环流由夏向冬的季节转变。东亚季风环流由夏向冬的转变特征表现为:低层大陆热低压转为大陆冷高压,阿留申低压形成加强,低空偏南风转为偏北风;中层东亚大槽形成,副高单体减弱成一个副热带高压带;高层南亚高压中心从青藏高原移至菲律宾以东洋面上,高空偏北风转为偏南风。此外由夏向冬的季节转变时间与中国前冬降水和地面气温有着紧密的联系,并且该转变时间的早晚与前期夏季热带太平洋的海温呈现类ENSO异常海温型的相关分布,即表现为前期夏季热带中东太平洋海温偏低(高)时,后期东亚夏季型季风环流向冬季型季风环流转变易偏晚(早),这对东亚季风环流季节转变的预测提供了依据。 相似文献
15.
16.
Apparent moisture sink and water vapor transport flux are calculated by using NCAR/NCEP reanalyzed daily data for water vapor and wind fields at various levels from 1980 to 1989. With the aid of EOF analysis method, temporal and spatial characteristics of moisture budgets over Asian and Australian monsoon regions are studied. The results show that there is apparent seasonal transition of moisture sink and water vapor transport between Asian monsoon region and Australian monsoon region. In winter, the Asian monsoon region is a moisture source, in which three cross-equatorial water vapor transport channels in the "continent bridge". at 80°E and 40°E ～ 50°E transport water vapor to the Australian monsoon region and southern Indian Ocean which are moisture sinks. In summer, Australian monsoon region and southern Indian Ocean are moisture sources and by the three cross-equatorial transport channels water vapor is transport to the Asian monsoon region which is a moisture sink. In spring and autumn, ITCZ is the main moisture sink and there is no apparent water vapor transport between Asian monsoon region and Australian monsoon region. 相似文献
17.
季风与ENSO的选择性相互作用:年循环和春季预报障碍的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文主要基于对Webster and Yang（1992）一文的回顾,讨论了年循环在季风和ENSO相互作用中的作用、春季预报障碍（SPB）、Webster-Yang指数（WYI）、以及亚洲夏季风的前期讯号等内容。亚洲季风和ENSO作为全球天气和气候变率的主要来源,它们之间的相互作用存在明显的年变化和季节“锁相”特征:在北半球秋冬季,亚洲季风对流活动最弱,此时ENSO的信号最强;但是到了北半球春季,亚洲季风对流快速爆发,而此时的ENSO信号却迅速衰减。亚洲季风和ENSO位相的错位变化使得热带海—气系统的不稳定性在北半球春季达到最大,此时任意一个微小的扰动都容易快速增长,最终导致基于ENSO的预报技巧减小。亚洲夏季风环流本质上可以看成是大气对副热带地区潜热加热的低频罗斯贝波响应,它具有很强的垂直风切变,这是WYI定义的物理基础。WYI数值越大,代表垂直东风切变越大,即亚洲季风环流增强,反之亦然。利用WYI与前期大气环流场、欧亚雪盖、土壤湿度等物理量进行回归分析,结果表明:当亚洲夏季风增强时,前期冬季和春季,在北印度洋和亚洲副热带地区上空出现东风异常,同时在更高纬度地区伴随出现西风的异常;此外,副热带地区如印度次大陆、中南半岛和东亚的土壤湿度增大;中纬度地区尤其是青藏高原中西部的积雪密度明显减小。这些前期讯号的发现有助于我们构建动力统计模型,进而提高对亚洲夏季风的季节预报水平。 相似文献
18.
The latest dataset from the SCS(South China Sea) Monsoon Experiment is used to investigate the features of abrupt change in some meteorological elements before,during and after the summer monsoon's establishment in 1998 and explore its onset characteristic process.We have arrived at a preliminary conclusion that the 1998 Asian summer monsoon is established first in the SCS as early as May 23,which is representative of the earliest indicator of the conversion from a winter into a summer monsoon situation in Asia;the continued retreat eastward of the western Pacific subtropical high from the SCS region has direct effect on the SCS summer monsoon establishment because the withdrawal favors the release of unstable energy,responsible for the sudden onset of the monsoon.Our tentative investigation indicates that the eastward extension of the westerly and rainfall band from the equatorial Indian Ocean into the Indo-China Peninsula and the southward spreading of an active South-China stationary front,acting as the interaction between mid and low latitude systems,are likely to be the characteristic events contributing to the subtropical high's eastward retreating and the summer monsoon's onset over the SCS. 相似文献
19.
Seasonal transition of summer rainy season over indochina and adjacent monsoon region 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Jun Matsumoto 《大气科学进展》1997,14(2):231-245
The mean onset and withdrawal of summer rainy season over the Indochina Peninsula were investigated using 5-day averaged rainfall data (1975-87). The mean seasonal transition process during onset and retreat phases in Indochina, India and the South China Sea is also examined using 5-day mean OLR (1975-87) and 850 hPa wind (1980-88) date. It was found that the onset of summer rainy season begins earlier in the inland region of Indochina (Thailand) in late April to early May than in the coastal region along the Bay of Bengal. This early onset of rainy sea-son is due to pre-monsoon rain under the mid-latitude westerly wind regime. The full summer monsoon circulation begins to establish in mid-May, causing active convective activity both over the west coast of Indochina and the cen-tral South China Sea. In case of withdrawal, the earliest retreat of summer rainy season is found in the central northern part of Indochina in late September. The wind field, on the other hand, already changes to easterlies in the northern South China Sea in early September. This easterly wind system covers the eastern part of Indochina where post-monsoon rain is still active. In late October, the wind field turns to winter time situation, but post monsoon rain still continues in the southern part of the Indochina Peninsula until late November 相似文献
20.
季节转换期间副热带高压带形态变异及其机制的研究Ⅰ:副热带高压结构的气候学特征 总被引：30，自引：9，他引：21
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了季节转换期间副热带高压结构的气候特征。在亚、非季风区 ,冬季副热带高压带是相对对称的 ,具有脊线连续的带状结构 ,脊面随高度增加向南倾斜 ;夏季副热带高压带中低层是间断的 ,高层是连续的 ,脊面随高度增加向北倾斜。副热带高压脊面倾斜受热成风关系的制约 ,总是倾向暖区。 5月份副热带高压形态变异最显著 ,不同地域副热带高压的结构、性质存在较大差异。夏季型副热带高压于 5月初首先出现在孟加拉湾东部 ,5月第 3候稳定建立在孟加拉湾东部、中南半岛及南海西部地区 ;5月第 4～ 5候在南海建立 ;6月第 1～ 2候在印度中部建立。夏季型副热带高压建立的 3个阶段与亚洲夏季风爆发的 3个阶段存在着较好的对应关系。孟加拉湾夏季风的建立在很大程度上取决于高空副热带高压脊面附近经向温度梯度的反转。对流层中上层副热带高压脊面附近经向温度梯度可以作为表征亚洲夏季风爆发的指标 相似文献