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The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, CMAP rainfall and Hadley Centre sea surface temperature (SST) datasets are used to investigate the relationship between the seasonal transition of East Asian monsoon and Asian-Pacific thermal contrast, together with the possible causes. Based on the 250 hPa air temperature over two selected key areas, the Asian-Pacific thermal difference (APTD) index is calculated. Results show that the APTD index is highly consistent with the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) index defined by Zhao et al., in terms of different key areas in different seasons. Moreover, the time point of the seasonal transition of the Asian-Pacific thermal contrast can be well determined by the APTD index, indicative of seasonal variation in East Asian atmospheric circulation from winter to summer. The transition characteristic of the circulation can be summarized as follows. The continental cold high at lower tropospheric level moves eastward to the East China Sea and decreases rapidly in intensity, while the low-level northerlies turn to southerlies. At middle tropospheric level, the East Asia major trough is reduced and moves eastward. Furthermore, the subtropical high strengthens and appears near Philippines. The South Asia high shifts from the east of Philippines to the west of Indochina Peninsula, and the prevailing southerlies change into northerlies in upper troposphere. Meanwhile, both the westerly and easterly jets both jump to the north. The seasonal transition of atmospheric circulation is closely related to the thermal contrast, and the possible mechanism can be concluded as follows. Under the background of the APTD seasonal transition, the southerly wind appears firstly at lower troposphere, which triggers the ascending motion via changing vertical shear of meridional winds. The resultant latent heating accelerates the transition of heating pattern from winter to summer. The summer heating pattern can further promote the adjustment of circulation, which favors the formation and strengthening of the low-level southerly and upper-level northerly winds. As a result, the meridional circulation of the East Asian subtropical monsoon is established through a positive feedback between the circulation and thermal fields. Moreover, the time point of this seasonal transition has a significant positive correlation with the SST anomalies over the tropical central-eastern Pacific Ocean, providing a basis for the short-term climate prediction. 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集,CMAP降水资料及Hadley中心海温,进一步对东亚季风环流季节转变与亚太热力场之间的联系及可能机理进行了研究。首先选用250 hPa两个固定关键区的气温,计算全年逐候的亚太纬向热力差指数,结果表明其与赵平等采用各季不同关键区的APO指数高度一致,但该指数(下称APTD指数)可用于确定热力场季节转变的时间点。发现用APTD指数确定的季节转变时间点能表征东亚大气环流冬季型向夏季型的转变,环流的转变特征为:低层大陆冷高压东移人海,低空偏北风转为偏南风;中层东亚大槽东移减弱,副热带高压单体在菲律宾附近出现,中心显著加强;高层南亚高压从菲律宾以东移到中南半岛西部,西风急流和东风急流发生北跳,高空偏南风转为偏北风。大气环流场的季节转变和热力场联系紧密的可能机理是:在亚太热力场转变的背景下,低空南风的出现,首先改变经向风的垂直切变,触发垂直运动释放潜热,加快冬季加热型向夏季型转变,而夏季加热型又进一步推进环流的调整,促进低空南风高空北风的形成与加强,进而通过热力场和环流场的正反馈过程,最终建立起一个低空南风高空北风的季风经圈环流。最后指出该转变点的早晚与热带中东太平洋的海温异常有显著的正相关,这为短期气候预测提供了依据。 相似文献
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