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1.
一个与大尺度模式耦合的边界层温度诊断模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文提出一个与p—σ五层原始方程模式耦合的边界层温度诊断模式。应用大模式提供的温度场作为边条件数值求解边界层热力学方程得到边界层温度。用FGGE资料一次寒潮过程进行试验,说明结果达到一定精度。本边界层模式原则上可应用于其他大尺度模式。 相似文献
2.
设大气中性、正压,用边界层运动方程的分析解,研究了当大气边界层顶风向随时间作周期变化而风速不变时,对大气边界层的内参数u_*/A(A为边界层顶风速)和角φ(地面风与边界层顶的风的夹角)的影响。当风向逆时针转动时,u_*/A增加,φ减少,反之亦然。方程的数值解亦得类似结果。因而在定常条件下,得出的大尺度模式中边界层参数化的结果应考虑非定常过程的订正。还分析了非定常过程对边界层风廓线的影响。 相似文献
3.
用正压、中性边界层运动方程的解析解,研究了边界层顶不同系统中,由于水平平流及风向变化,对大气边界层的内参数u*/a(a为边界层顶风速)和角ψ(地面风与边界层顶的风的夹角)的影响。结果表明,不仅风向变化对内参数有影响,而且即使风向不变,由于平流作用对内参数仍有影响。在正涡度系统中,u*/a增加,ψ角减小;反涡度系统中,结果相反。方程的数值解得到类似结果。因而大尺度模式中边界层参数化结果不仅应考虑非定常过程的订正,而且还必须考虑水平平流作用的订正。 相似文献
4.
利用改进的边界层模式,对平坦地形条件下的非定常边界层风温场进行了数值模拟。着重考察了边界层风温场结构受迫于地面温度变化而伴随的时间变化问题,通过对各种不同型式的初始风场在不同的初始温度层结下,风温场时空演变过程的数值计算,揭示边界层风温场日变化的物理机制、相互联系,以及不同型式的初始风温场对夜间急流的影响。 相似文献
5.
北京地区气象环境数据模拟试验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用区域边界层模式RBLM模拟北京地区气象环境特征。数值模拟结果表明：（1）北京地区的气象环境很复杂，其主要特点是受昼夜循环的山谷风气流、城市热岛环流及大尺度系统共同影响。（2）北京市区季地面风的日变化较小，主要是偏北气流，城市上游方向在市区的北边，而春夏季地面风的日变化比较明显，市区的进出口气流方向变化很大。（3）北京市城市热岛强度在夏季较强，城市热岛环流明显，城市中心近地面气温比郊区近地面气温高5－6℃左右。（4）数值模拟结果能较好地反映北京地区流场的日变化，与实际观测结果吻合较好。 相似文献
6.
北京地区一次特大强风过程边界层结构的研究 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21
利用北京325 m气象塔资料对1993年4月9日北京地区出现的一次特大强风过程的边界层结构（风、温、风切变及阵风特征）进行了分析。随着该次大风的过境，边界层内风场出现数个风速高值中心，高度位于200～300 m，时间间隔1～3 h。伴随上层风速垂直切变和阵风特性。湍流能谱的计算结果表明了大尺度涡旋对边界层湍流微结构的影响。 相似文献
7.
利用地形坐标建立了一个三维湖陆风的预报模式，其中对边界层及模式层顶高度采用预报方程求解，对边界层参数作了较仔细的考虑。计算表明，模式运行十分稳定，对复杂地形条件下的湖陆风扰动系统有着很好的描述能力。 相似文献
8.
本文结出一个海面粗糙度可变时定常非中性大气边界层数值模式,其中粗糙度是摩擦速度的函数,湍流交换系数是湍流热通量和风切变的函数,而热通量在海气温差已知时由近地层通量梯度关系求出。解得的风和若干边界层特征参数符合观测及理论考虑。因此,只要知道地转风、纬度及海气温差即可用本模式计算海面大气边界层中不同高度的风。 相似文献
9.
盆地环流型及冷湖的形成和消散的数值研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文建立了一个三维原始方程数值模式，模拟三维盆地中的环流，重点讨论在热力强迫环流型的转变过程中能量场的动量场的配置情况及环流演变过程。模拟结果表明，夜间地面强烈的辐射冷却过程引起盆地各坡面冷迳流的发展，盆地中成为冷空气湖，逆温层结建立。日出后对流边界层从大气低层向上发展，逆温从底部随之消蚀，仅在上层存在了夜间逆温残余，即所谓稳定核，上坡风在对流边界层发展，而稳定核内仍维持夜间下坡风环流。 相似文献
10.
凝结潜热对锋生的影响 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
本文在二维半地转峰生模式中，考虑了水汽凝结加热和边界层抽吸作用对锋生及越锋环流的影响。水汽凝结加热考虑了大尺度凝结加热和对流凝结加热两种方式。计算结果表明：水汽凝结加热和边界层抽吸对峰区环流具有显著的作用，凝结加热使锋生加快，使锋区上升运动倍增，并使其水平尺度明显减少。边界层抽吸作用也使垂直环流加强。现在 相似文献
11.
An Analytical Study of the Diurnal Variations of Wind in a Semi-geostrophic Ekman Boundary Layer Model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A time-dependent semi-geostrophic Ekman boundary-layer model based on the geostrophic momentum approximation is used to study the diurnal wind variation in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the evolution of the low-level nocturnal jet (LLJ). The coefficient of eddy viscosity varies periodically with time, varies linearly with height in the surface layer and is constant above the surface layer. The influence of horizontal advection of momentum on the diurnal wind variation in the PBL, the development of inertial oscillations (IOs) and the formation of the LLJ are examined.In comparison with the Ekman solutions, the diurnal wind variation in semi-geostrophic Ekman boundary-layer dynamics has the following features: (1) the phase angle of the diurnal wind wave shifts with height, the rate of shifting is increased in anticyclonic regions and decreased in cyclonic regions, (2) the time of occurrence of the low-level maximum wind speed is later in anticyclonic regions and earlier in cyclonic regions, (3) the height of occurrence of the maximum wind speed is higher in the anticyclonic and lower in cyclonic regions, (4) the wind speed maximum and the amplitude of the diurnal wind variation are larger in anticyclonic and smaller in cyclonic regions, (5) the period of IOs is larger in anticyclonic regions and smaller in cyclonic regions, (6) anticyclonic vorticity is conducive to the generation of LLJ in the PBL. These features are interpreted by means of the physical properties of semi-geostrophic Ekman boundary-layer dynamics and inertial oscillation dynamics. 相似文献
12.
Ekman动量近似下中间边界层模式中的风场结构 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
发展了一个准三维的、中等复杂的边界层动力学模式，该模式包含了EKman动量近似下的惯性加速度和Blackadar的非线性湍流粘性系数，它进一步改进了Tan和Wu(1993）提出的边界层理论模型。该模型在数值计算复杂性上与经典Ekman模式相类似，但由于包含了Ekman动量近似下的惯性项，使得该模式比传统Ekman模式更近于实际过程。中详细地比较了该模式与其他简化边界层模式在动力学上的差异，结果表明：在经典的Ekman模式中，由于忽略了流动的惯性项作用，导致在气旋性切变气流（反气旋性切变气流）中风速和边界层顶部的垂直速度的高估（低估），而在半地转边界层模式中，由于高估了流动惯性项的作用，结果与经典Ekman模式相反。同样，该模式可以应用于斜压边界层，对于Ekman动量下的斜压边界层风场同时具有经典斜压边界层和Ekman动量近似边界层的特征。 相似文献
13.
Summary ?A time-dependent semi-geostrophic Ekman boundary-layer model (SG), including slowly varying eddy diffusivity with height
and inertial term effects, is developed to investigate the diurnal wind variation in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). An
approximate analytical solution of this model is derived by using the WKB method, which extends the Tan and Farahani (1998)’s
solution by including the vertical variable eddy viscosity.
The features of the diurnal wind variation in the PBL mainly depend on three factors: the latitude, horizontal momentum advection
and eddy viscosity. The vertical variable eddy viscosity has little influence on diurnal wind variation in the PBL at the
low latitude, however its effect may be exacerbated in the mid- and high latitudes. In comparing with the constant eddy viscosity
case, the decreasing (increasing) with height eddy viscosity produces a large (small) maximum wind speed (MWS) in the PBL,
however, the eddy viscosity that has a mid-layer peak in the vertical gives rise to a higher height of occurrence of MWS.
For the boundary-layer wind structure, there is a singular point when the modified SG inertial oscillation frequency η equals
the forcing frequency ω. The isotachs of boundary-layer wind speed have almost no tilt to left or right relative to time evolution
and the occurrence time of the MWS is the earliest at the singular point. The feature will be enhanced in the decreasing with
height eddy viscosity case and weakened in the eddy viscosity initially increasing with height case.
Received April 6, 2001; accepted December 27, 2001 相似文献
14.
三维非静力二阶闭合PBL模式的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用二阶距湍流闭合方案，建立了一个复杂地形下的三维非静力边界层预报模式。通过该模式，细致了模拟了北京地区的风、温时空变化和湍流场变化。结合地面、探空和气象塔的实测资料，进一步研究了该方案在三维空间上对平均场和湍流场的预报模拟效能。结果表明该模式能较好地进行平均量和湍流量的模拟和预报。 相似文献
15.
In considering the weak non-linear effect, and using the small parameter expansion method, the analyt-ical expressions of the wind distribution within PBL (planetary boundary layer) and the vertical velocity at the top of the PBL are obtained when the PBL is divided into three layers and different eddy transfer coefficients K are adopted for the three layers. The conditions of barotropy and neutrality for the PBL are extended to that of baroclinity and non-neutral stratification. An example of a steady circular vortex is used to display the characteristics of the horizontal wind within the PBL and the vertical velocity at the top of the PBL. Some new results have been obtained, indicating that the magnitude of the speed in the lower height calculated by the present model is larger than that by the model in which k is a constant within the whole boundary layer, for example, in the classical Ekman boundary layer model and the model by Wu (1984). The angle between the wind at the top of the PBL and the wind near the surface calculated by the present model is less than that calculated by the single K model. These results are in agreement with the observations. 相似文献
16.
海岸边界层的非静力模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了一个３级非静力边界层模式,并采用一种新的非局地反梯度闭合方案在杭州附近复杂地形区进行了数值模拟。通过与实测资料和静力条件下的模拟结果的比较,进一步分析了非局地闭合下非静力３级边界层模式的效能。结果表明,该模式比静力模式更能合理地模拟海岩边界层的风温场和湍流场,且模拟结果与实测更接近。 相似文献
17.
Summary On the basis of Wu and Blumen's work (1982) on the geostrophic momentum approximation (GMA) in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and Tan and Wu (1992, 1994) on the Ekman momentum approximation (EMA) in the PBL, some improvements about the eddy exchange coefficientK, the advective inertial force and the lower boundary condition of the PBL are developed in this paper: (1) apply theK which is a gradually varying function of height instead of a constant value in the Ekamn layer, and introduce a surface layer; (2) take the effect of the vertical advective inertial force into account; (3) the solution technique is extended from level terrain to orographically formed terrain. Under the condition of the equilibrium among four forces (the pressure — gradient force, Coriolis force, eddy viscous force and inertial force including horizontal and vertical advective inertial forces), we have obtained the analytical solutions of the distributions of the wind and the vertical velocity. The computation of an individual example shows that: (1) both the wind velocity near surface and the angle between which and the non-viscous wind are more consistent with usual observations than that of Wu and Blumen (1982); (2) comparing with the horizontal advective inertial force, the vertical advective inertial force can not be neglected, when the orography is considered, the effect of the latter is even more important than the former.With 3 Figures 相似文献
18.
深凹地形边界层风场与湍流场结构及扩散规律的数值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了一个模拟小尺度复杂地形边界层平均流场和湍流场结构分布特征的三维非静力细网格高阶矩湍流闭合模式,并将此模式与一个拉格朗日粒子随机游动大气扩散数值模式相联结,以边界层气象模式的输出作为扩散模式的输入,构成了一个大气扩和模拟系统,成功地模拟了某地实际深凹露天矿区和理想凹坑地形两种情况下的平均流场、雷诺应力和湍流通量场,分析了其分布特征,并模拟了矿坑内污染物的散布规律 相似文献
19.
In this paper, Wu and Blumen’s boundary layer geostrophic momentum approximation model (Wu and Blumen, 1982) is applied to baroclinic and non-neutral PBL, the motion equations for the PBL under the geostrophic momentum approximation are solved, in which the eddy transfer coefficient is a function of the distributions of the wind and temperature. The results are compared with those in barotropic and neutral conditions with the geostrophic momentum approximation. It is found that in the baroclinic condition, the wind distribution has both the characteristics of a steady, homogeneous and baroclinic PBL and those caused by the geostrophic momentum approximation. Those in non-neutral conditions show that they retain the intrinsic characteristics for the wind in non-neutral PBL, at the same time, the effects of the large-scale advection and local variation are also included. We can predict the wind in the non-neutral and baroclinic PBL by use of the geostrophic mo-mentum approximation when the temporal and spatial distributions of the geostrophic wind, as well as the po-tential temperatures and their variation rates at the upper and lower boundary of the PBL are given by large-scale model. Finally, the model is extended to the case over sea surface. 相似文献
20.
Large-Eddy Simulation of the Daytime Boundary Layer in an Idealized Valley Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Numerical Model 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A three-dimensional numerical meteorological model is used to perform large-eddy simulations of the upslope flow circulation
over a periodic ridge-valley terrain. The subgrid-scale quantities are modelled using a prognostic turbulence kinetic energy
(TKE) scheme, with a grid that has a constant horizontal resolution of 50 m and is stretched along the vertical direction.
To account for the grid anisotropy, a modified subgrid length scale is used. To allow for the response of the surface fluxes
to the valley-flow circulation, the soil surface temperature is imposed and the surface heat and momentum fluxes are computed
based on Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. The model is designed with a symmetrical geometry using periodic boundary conditions
in both the x and y directions. Two cases are simulated to study the influence of along-valley geostrophic wind forcing with different intensities.
The presence of the orography introduces numerous complexities both in the mean properties of the flow and in the turbulent
features, even for the idealized symmetric geometry. Classical definitions for the height of the planetary boundary layer
(PBL) are revisited and redefined to capture the complex structure of the boundary layer. Analysis of first- and second-moment
statistics, along with TKE budget, highlights the different structure of the PBL at different regions of the domain. 相似文献