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1.
高原季风强弱对南亚高压活动的影响 总被引：17，自引：10，他引：7
分析了高原季风强弱对夏季南亚高压活动和三峡库区旱涝的影响,揭示了如高原夏季风偏强(弱),育藏高原上空及其以东地区100hPa南亚高压也偏强(弱),位置偏北偏东(偏南偏西)。高原季风强年,南亚高压脊线6月北跳比多年平均早1候,8月南撤晚1～2侯;高原季风弱年。脊线北跳晚1～2候,南撤早1候。同时显示了高原夏季风强年,5～6月三峡库区降水随着南亚高压脊线北移而增多,7～8月三峡库区降水减少;高原夏季风弱年,主汛期前期库区降水少,后期降水略有增多。 相似文献
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东亚夏季风北界与我国夏季降水关系的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了研究东亚夏季风北界与我国东部夏季降水异常的关系,本文利用夏季850 hPa上20°N以北105°~125°E之间平均南风风速2 m/s所在的纬度,定义了一个新的东亚夏季风北界指数。初步分析表明:东亚夏季风北界在1976年之前(含1976年)位置偏北,而1976年之后位置偏南,具有明显的年代际变化,较好地反映了我国东部夏季降水异常分布型的变化。对应于东亚夏季风北界的异常,东亚夏季风强度、西北太平洋副热带高压位置与面积、亚洲大陆热低压等也发生了相应的变化,它们之间的关系如下:东亚夏季风北界位置偏北(南)时,对流层低层亚洲大陆热低压偏强(弱),东亚夏季风偏强(弱),西北太平洋副热带高压位置偏北(南)、面积偏小(大),南亚高压偏弱(强),长江中下游地区气流以下沉(上升)为主,降水偏少(多);华北地区气流以上升(下沉)为主,降水偏多(少)。 相似文献
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2006年川渝地区夏季干旱的成因分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料、全国160站降水资料、向外长波辐射OLR（outgoinglongwave radiation）资料和所计算的热源资料,分析了2006年夏季东亚大气环流的异常特征,并研究了热力异常与川渝地区夏季降水的关系。结果表明,2006年夏季由南向北的水汽输送较常年偏弱;西太洋副热带高压较常年异常偏强,脊线位置明显偏北,川渝地区受高压系统影响盛行下沉气流,中高纬环流场则表现为乌拉尔山地区和东北亚区域无明显阻塞高压形势,冷空气活动比常年弱;南亚高压比常年偏北偏强,持续控制川渝地区;2006年夏季青藏高原热源偏弱,热带西太平洋暖池区热源偏强,是引起西太平洋副热带高压偏北偏强的重要原因之一。川渝地区夏季降水与西太平洋副热带高压的异常变化有密切关系,川渝地区夏季干旱年,西太平洋副热带高压偏北,并且引起西太平洋副热带高压偏北的原因与2006年类似。 相似文献
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南疆夏季降水异常的环流和青藏高原地表潜热通量特征分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1980—2004年NCEP/DOE新再分析月平均资料及我国225个测站1980—2004年月降水量资料,通过诊断分析,研究了南疆夏季降水异常的环流和高原地表潜热通量特征。结果表明:南疆夏季降水偏少年,南亚高压西部偏强,西风急流位置偏北,500 hPa中高纬环流经向度减弱,伊朗高压偏北、偏东,西太平洋副热带高压偏西、偏南;降水偏多年则相反。南疆夏季降水偏少年,高原北部和南疆地区为下沉的垂直环流距平,Ferrell环流增强;降水偏多年则相反。南疆夏季降水偏少年和偏多年的前期冬春季开始孟加拉湾、青藏高原和南疆地区地表潜热通量具有相反的变化,南疆夏季降水与高原北部地表潜热通量呈显著正相关,与南部地表潜热通量呈反相关关系。 相似文献
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吕俊梅张庆云陶诗言琚建华 《应用气象学报》2007,18(4):442-451
根据黄刚等定义的东亚夏季风指数, 对强、弱东亚夏季风年大气环流、大气热源和外强迫源SST的差异进行分析, 结果表明:强 (弱) 东亚夏季风年前期冬季到夏季, 太平洋SSTA为La Ni?a (El Ni?o) 型分布, 西太平洋暖池SST暖 (冷), 使得暖池附近对流活动较强 (较弱)。与此同时, 南亚大陆从印度半岛、青藏高原南部、中南半岛至华南大气异常加热 (变冷), 并且海陆热力对比加强 (减弱), 有利于出现强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风。此外, 由于暖池附近对流活动强 (弱), 该地区上升气流较强 (弱), Walker环流增强 (减弱), 当强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风向北推进时, 副热带西风急流北撤位置偏北 (南), 副热带高压位置也偏北 (南), 7月至8月华北 (江淮流域) 位于副热带西风急流南侧, 降水偏多, 江淮流域 (华北) 降水偏少。并给出与东亚夏季风年际变异有关的大气环流和SST异常的物理图像。 相似文献
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利用1961—2008年NCEP／NCAR再分析资料以及陕西地面月降水资料,采用EOF分解、合成分析等方法,分析了陕西夏季旱涝的时空分布特征以及前期气候系统的异常信号特征。结果表明：陕西夏季多雨年乌拉尔山高压脊和鄂霍次克海高压偏强,贝加尔湖低槽偏深,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,西伸脊点偏西。并且前期冬季中高纬度中亚长波脊偏强偏西,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,印缅槽偏弱,700hPa西北地区东部至华北偏北风异常偏强,赤道东太平洋出现暖水位相,西风漂流区海温偏低,印度洋海温偏高,陕西夏季易多雨;而陕西夏季少雨年西太平洋副热带高压偏弱,西伸脊点偏东,陕西主要受中亚高脊前西北气流控制。前期冬季中高纬度欧洲西北部低槽偏强,中亚长波脊偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱,印缅槽偏强,700hPa西北地区东部至华北偏南风异常偏强,赤道东太平洋出现冷水位相,西风漂流区海温偏高,印度洋海温偏低,陕西夏季易少雨。 相似文献
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《高原气象》2017,(1)
利用青藏高原70个常规气象站地面观测资料结合卫星遥感观测的归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)数据集计算的1982-2012年逐月地表感热通量资料和1951-2012年国家气候中心160个站的夏季降水资料,以及NCEPⅠ再分析数据集,通过EOF、SVD等数理统计分析方法,分析了高原春季地表感热的时空演变特征及其对中国东部夏季雨带的影响及其成因。结果表明:(1)20世纪90年代中国东部处于多雨期,江南地区降水尤为偏多,Ⅲ类雨型偏多;进入21世纪,夏季雨带向北推进,Ⅱ类雨型偏多。(2)高原春季地表感热空间分布呈现"西强东弱"的特征,5月最强且年际变化最大;在空间演变上,主要表现为"全场一致"变化和"东西反向"变化两种特征,且均在2003年前后发生转折。(3)当青藏高原春季感热整体异常偏弱(强)时,中国北方上空高度场异常偏高(低),南亚高压偏弱(强),位置偏西(东),西北太平洋副热带高压异常偏弱(强),位置偏东(西),整层水汽通量辐合于华南(江淮和河套)地区,导致雨带偏南(北)。 相似文献
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热带太平洋-印度洋海表温度变化及其对西南地区东部夏季旱涝的影响 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
利用1959—2006 年西南地区东部20 个测站逐日降水量资料和NCEP/NCAR 再分析月平均资料,分析了热带太平洋-印度洋海表温度异常特征及其对西南地区东部夏季降水(旱涝)的影响,结果表明:前期赤道东太平洋海表温度偏高,西南地区东部夏季降水偏多的可能性大;当前期春季印度洋海表温度偏高时,西南地区东部夏季降水可能偏多。太平洋区的海表温度距平(SSTA)分布呈“V”字型特征,赤道中东太平洋及南、北美西部沿海的SSTA 与赤道西太平洋、南北太平洋的SSTA 呈反相关分布,与西太平洋的亚洲大陆东部沿海的SSTA 呈正相关,赤道印度洋及南印度洋的大部分地区的SSTA 与赤道中、东太平洋的SSTA 变化是一致的。当春季赤道中东太平洋及印度洋海表温度(SST)偏高(偏低)时,夏季南亚高压位置偏南(偏北),强度偏强(偏弱),面积偏大(偏小),同时西太平洋副高强度偏强(偏弱),面积偏大(偏小),位置偏南(偏北),西伸(东退)明显,东亚夏季风和南亚夏季风偏弱(偏强),我国华北及华南地区盛行下沉(上升)运动,而整个长江流域及青藏高原东部盛行上升(下沉)运动,西南地区东部也盛行弱的上升(下沉)运动,这有利于西南地区东部降水偏多(偏少),出现洪涝(干旱)的可能性大。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献