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1.
《高原气象》2015,(6)
以2009年6月8日个例为主,对东北冷涡造成的华北暴雨的卫星云图、雷达回波特征及降水特点进行了分析,并利用NCEP FNLs分析资料分析了东北冷涡的非对称结构特征、对流不稳定的建立过程和可能的释放机制。结果表明:东北冷涡具有非对称结构特征;除对流层中层风场、温度场结构较对称外,冷涡在对流层高层对应低槽、暖中心和高空急流,在对流层低层对应倒槽、暖舌,冷中心不明显;冷涡的负涡度、主要辐合辐散和上升运动中心分布在冷涡东南部;在冷涡东南部,对流层中层自西北伸向东南的干冷平流叠加在自西南伸向东北的暖湿平流上,造成对流不稳定迅速增长,且午后晴空辐射增温进一步加强了对流不稳定;冷涡系统建立对流不稳定的同时,冷涡东南部的上升运动为对流有效位能的释放提供了有利条件。 相似文献
2.
一次东北冷涡不同阶段强对流天气特征对比分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用NCAR/NCEP再分析（1?×1?）资料、区域自动站观测、FY-2D/2E卫星观测和GPS/MET水汽监测等资料,对2012年6月7-18日长春地区发生在同一东北冷涡系统不同演变阶段的3次强对流天气进行对比诊断分析。结果表明：在冷涡形成期,高低空急流耦合产生的次级环流上升支,触发锋前不稳定能量释放,导致中β尺度孤立深厚湿对流系统出现;在冷涡发展期,对流层高层干冷空气向对流层中下层侵入,形成高空露点锋,触发有组织的中α尺度对流系统;在冷涡消亡期,低涡减弱为高空槽并快速东移,其后部冷空气置于低层大范围暖湿空气之上,地面中尺度辐合触发不稳定能量释放,形成中β尺度对流系统。 相似文献
3.
利用多种常规及非常规观测资料、美国国家环境预报中心全球模式业务系统分析资料(NCEP/FNL)以及三家全球确定性模式产品对2017年两次华北冷涡降水过程成因及模式预报偏差进行了对比分析。结果表明;个例1(6月22日)降水回波为层-积混合型,对流发展高度低,小时雨强小,先后经历了持续的稳定降水和弱对流降水两个阶段;个例2(7月6日)降水以积云状对流回波为主,对流发展高度高,短历时强降水特点明显。二者对应的环境场差异较大,前者冷涡处在成熟期,副热带高压位置偏南,前期暖区对流冷池降温明显,对流能量及水汽条件一般;后者冷涡为发展期,副热带高压位置偏北,中低纬相互作用明显,水汽与能量充沛。两次过程北京均出现了暴雨及以上量级降水,对应的中尺度对流系统(MCS)特征、对流触发机制以及对流不稳定能量重建过程存在明显差异。前者为层状云中发展的γ中尺度MCS,边界层偏东风增强为MCS提供了触发机制,中低层偏东风暖湿输送以及对流层高层干冷平流有利于对流不稳定能量重建;后者为组织化的β中尺度MCS,列车效应明显,偏南低空急流及其气旋式切变配合地形为MCS发展提供了抬升条件,对流不稳定能量建立与中低层偏南低空急流强暖湿输送有关。各家数值模式对不同类型冷涡降水的预报偏差特征一致,即对冷涡成熟期的降水,因对动力条件预报过强导致空报降水;而对冷涡发展期的降水,由于对槽前暖区辐合及其对流性降水预报不足导致强降水出现漏报。 相似文献
4.
采用NCEP CFS 0.5°×0.5°的再分析资料,中国气象局常规地面观测资料和FY 2E卫星TBB资料对2013年7月上旬的一次引发强降水过程的东北冷涡典型个例进行了深入分析和诊断,研究表明:（1）本例冷涡的发展期是其降水和对流活动的最活跃时期,其对应的最小TBB在-60℃以下,最强6 h降水可达124 mm,南海、黄海和日本海是冷涡降水的主要水汽源地。（2）本例东北冷涡是一个深厚的斜压涡旋系统,其最强斜压区和动能大值区主要位于涡旋外围;冷涡的冷心结构主要位于对流层中高层和对流层低层。（3）涡度收支表明,与对流活动密切相关的垂直涡度平流是本次冷涡产生的主导因子;涡度垂直输送和辐合作用是冷涡快速发展的主导因子;而辐散作用则最终导致了冷涡的消亡。（4）能量收支表明,旋转风动能制造是冷涡生成过程中动能的主要产生方式,而冷涡发展期,旋转风动能输送是冷涡动能维持的主导因子。 相似文献
5.
《湖北气象》2016,(2)
为了探讨暴雨与湿位涡场分布特征之间的关系,利用NCEP 1°×1°间隔6 h的再分析资料,通过计算湿位涡(MPV)的垂直分量(MPV1)和水平分量(MPV2),对华北一次暴雨过程的湿位涡场进行了诊断分析。结果表明:此次暴雨发生在对流层低层等θse线密集带内,降水前对流层低层MPV10、MPV20,暴雨区存在对流不稳定和斜压不稳定;暴雨区位于对流层低层MPV1、MPV2正负过渡带的等值线密集带内,有利于水汽辐合和垂直涡度的加强;主要降水期间,850 h Pa层MPV1起主导作用,MPV1负值增大、MPV2正值减小,降水后期,MPV10、MPV2几乎为0,大气层结接近对流稳定。低层湿位涡中心的时空分布与暴雨的发生和落区有很好的对应关系。 相似文献
6.
甘肃陇东南一次大暴雨的中尺度特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2016,(6)
2013年6月19-20日在甘肃陇东南出现一次罕见的暖区降水和切变线降水共同造成的区域性大暴雨过程,暖区降水强度大、持续时间长、强降水范围集中、中尺度特征明显。利用常规和非常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料等对此次大暴雨天气过程的成因和中尺度特征进行了分析。结果表明,暖区降水时段:对流层低层高湿有利于降低暖区降水对抬升条件的要求,并与中层温度冷槽配合形成不稳定层结,前期低层的逆温层也有利于不稳定能量的堆积;低层垂直风切变、低空急流和地形抬升在对流触发和维持中具有重要作用,徽成盆地是生成对流单体的主要源地;中尺度对流系统具有暖云降水特点,质心低,降水效率高,且具有明显的后向传播和"列车效应"特征。切变线降水时段:受对流层中层暖平流、正涡度平流和低层冷空气侵入影响,武都涡不断发展加强;对流层湿层厚度增加,热力不稳定条件明显减弱,在低空切变线、武都涡和地面辐合线附近形成大范围的稳定性降水。 相似文献
7.
应用天气学分析和物理量诊断方法,围绕暴雨形成的有利条件,对吉林省2012年7月上旬东北冷涡诱发的首场区域性暴雨中四平地区暴雨的形成机制进行详细分析和探讨,结果表明:冷涡为中间涡,暴雨发生在冷涡发展阶段,降水落区位于冷涡第一和第四象限,雨带呈明显经向带状分布,降水性质以稳定性降水为主。整个降水过程分三段,其中前两个阶段导致四平地区出现暴雨,且第一阶段低层有明显的辐合中心,对应降雨较强。四平地区暴雨发生前,冷涡移动缓慢,为区域性暴雨的产生提供了有利天气形势;850hPa切变线偏南,但整层有强垂直风切变,低层辐合、高层辐散以及整层垂直上升运动的明显增强,提供了中尺度动力抬升机制;850hPa以下有弱对流不稳定;850hPa不断加强的西南急流将水汽从东海、黄海、渤海一带源源不断地向该地区输送,提供了充分水汽供应。低层相对较弱的垂直上升运动以及中层无明显的下沉运动区,加上850hPa以下弱对流不稳定,不利于强对流天气产生,以稳定性降水为主。 相似文献
8.
2016年7月31日至8月1日新疆伊犁河谷发生了一次极端强降水事件,多站突破降水极值。利用NCEP/NCAR 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料、中国地面卫星雷达三源融合逐小时降水产品及国家基本地面观测站逐时降水资料,通过天气研究和预报（WRF）数值模拟和诊断分析强降水期间大气的不稳定性及其触发机制,证实了不同尺度系统相互作用以及复杂地形的影响是干旱、半干旱地区极端暴雨形成的重要因子,并得出以下结论:（1）降水前河谷低层高对流有效位能积累,低层锋面东移触发对流有效位能释放,造成河谷第一阶段短时强降水天气;前期对流性降水释放湿对流不稳定能量,低层大气对称不稳定性逐渐增强,在对称不稳定作用下维持和加强了伊犁河谷第二阶段强降水天气。（2）第一强降水阶段期间大气低层为对流不稳定性层结,降水初期和第二阶段强降水期间大气均为条件对称不稳定性层结,对称不稳定的产生主要来自于湿位涡斜压分量（Mpv2）,其中降水初期低层Mpv2变化由大气的湿斜压性和低层水平风的垂直切变所造成,第二阶段强降水低层Mpv2变化主要由大气湿斜压性造成。（3）第一阶段强降水期间,低层锋面和地形抬升,垂直运动迅速发展,造成河谷南、北部山前降水;河谷东侧中尺度气旋在地形阻挡下稳定少动,是东部地区短时强降水天气发生的直接启动机制。第二阶段强降水期间,中、低层锋区叠加爬坡,冷锋锋生,中、低层风场辐合区叠加,河谷东北部形成垂直环流圈,上升运动进一步发展,是造成河谷第二阶段暴雨的重要原因。 相似文献
9.
一次东北冷涡过程的数值模拟与降水分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文利用WRF模式对2007年7月8日至12日的东北冷涡过程进行模拟。通过分析天气尺度背景场可知, 在对流层中高层出现干侵入过程, 干空气主要来源于我国内蒙古西部和东北冷涡的西北部, 随着东北冷涡一起呈涡旋状运动, 在对流层中层的干侵入更加明显; 东北冷涡的东部为水汽通量辐合区, 说明此处水汽丰沛, 该处的暖湿空气与干冷空气相汇, 有利于降水的生成。通过分析中尺度对流系统的地面和对流层中下层的风场结构可知, 中尺度对流系统易发生在东北冷涡东南侧和东北侧的气旋性曲率最大处, 此处的对流层低层易形成强辐合区, 而风场的水平辐合运动激发出垂直上升运动, 在对流不稳定区配合着强上升运动, 有利于对流系统发展而产生降水, 因此在低压系统东南侧及东北侧的 “气旋曲度” 区易形成降水。从对流涡度矢量的垂直分量可知, 在东北冷涡中的东南侧和东北侧, 对流涡度矢量的垂直分量对于中尺度系统的发生位置和降水区域有很好的指示作用。 相似文献
10.
使用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和地面降水量资料,对2013年7月2—4日东北冷涡引发的黑龙江省暴雨天气进行了分析。结果表明：1）在东北冷涡影响期间,黑龙江省逐小时雨量大都小于10 mm,但持续时间长,累积雨量大,中西部地区出现大范围暴雨天气。2）东北冷涡发展期,强上升运动与下沉运动的耦合,为暴雨提供了很好动力条件。3）从黄海、日本海到黑龙江省的低空急流为暴雨提供了充足水汽和能量,强降雨区水汽通量达到8 g·s-1·cm-1·hPa-1,水汽辐合强于2×10-5g·s-1·cm-2·hPa-1,850 hPa的θse高于332 K。4）湿位涡变化显示,冷涡影响期间,降雨区上空有对流不稳定条件,有利于强降雨发生。正MPV1位涡舌从对流层高层下伸、东移与暴雨落区东移相吻合;东北冷涡发展期的大气斜压性强,降雨强。维持期、减弱期大气斜压性弱,降雨弱。对流层低层MPV2小于-0.2 PVU区域易出现强降雨。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献