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1.
近几年,我国西南地区干旱频繁发生,严重影响农业生产。为了探讨干旱和水稻产量之间关系的复杂性,采用中国气象局国家气象信息中心提供的西南地区348个站气象数据,计算了西南地区干旱的变化趋势,并利用2000—2011年贵州省县级水稻产量资料分析了干旱对水稻单产的影响,探讨了干旱、水资源灌溉以及水稻产量之间的关系。结果表明:1951—2012年西南地区降水量平均减少16.9 mm/10 a,特别是8—10月降水量明显减少。同时,西南地区干旱日数呈上升趋势,平均增加3.3 d/10 a。对比水稻产量发现,当累计干旱日数少于40 d时,干旱对水稻产量一般不会造成影响;当累计干旱日数超过86 d时,干旱造成水稻减产20%~73%,这意味着当累计干旱日数超过3个月时,江河塘库蓄水将受到影响,进而影响水稻的灌溉,造成水稻严重减产;当累计干旱日数为40~86 d时,水稻减产一般少于20%,但地区差异较大。 相似文献
2.
基于SPEI的华北平原夏玉米生长季干旱时空变化特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),从不同时间尺度对华北平原夏玉米生长季1961—2015年不同等级干旱发生频率、时空分布和变化特征进行了研究。结果表明,华北平原夏玉米生长季干旱频发,频率超过50.0%,主要以轻旱为主,河南东南部和河北中北部地区干旱频率高于其他地区,6月和10月轻旱频率相对较高,8—10月更容易发生中旱,重旱主要出现在6月和7月。近55 a年华北平原夏玉米生长季干旱不断增加,10月干旱频率增加趋势最显著。与1961—1980年相比,研究区近15 a干旱发生频率增加百分率为37.3%,其中河北中北部、北京、天津和河南西北部干旱发生频率在60.0%以上。不同月份的干旱对夏玉米生长影响不同,需要加强对8月和9月干旱事件的预报,以便及时采取防灾减灾措施。 相似文献
3.
各型干旱对锦州地区粮食产量的影响及抗旱对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据50a气象统计资料和40a农业产量数据，归纳出锦州地区干旱类型和发生机率，分析干旱特点及对农业生产的影响。提出抗旱对策。 相似文献
4.
玉林市近50年来干旱的发生规律及防御对策 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
根据玉林市春、夏、秋三个季节干旱对农业生产的影响，参照历年的旱情资料，确定出干旱的农业气象指标，分析47a来干旱的时空分布规律和特点，并针对玉林市的具体情况提出一些防御干旱的对策。 相似文献
5.
《内蒙古气象》2018,(6)
基于内蒙古西部40个国家级气象站1961-2018年春季逐日平均气温和降水量资料,构建的综合干旱指数,分析评估了春季区域干旱发生情况,结果显示:(1)近58a内蒙古西部区域春季干旱年发生频率高达78%,平均5a中有4a春旱,且多数为中到重旱。(2)20世纪70-80年代春旱年份发生概率更高,连年干旱,近10a干旱明显减少。(3)春旱频率空间分布是西高东低。(4)干旱影响范围最大,干旱最重的前3a分别是1962、1993年和1995年,出现了季内连月重旱,农牧业生产和群众生活均受严重影响。构建的综合干旱指数与实况对比分析,能够较好地反映春旱发生程度,可以用于月季干旱的影响评估业务。 相似文献
6.
该文根据逐日气象干旱指数DI指数统计佛山1959—2017年气象干旱日数,采用"二项式系数加权平均法"进行趋势分析,结合M-K检验和小波分析等方法分析气候突变和周期变化,对佛山市59 a的气象干旱日数变化趋势进行分析研究。结果表明:近59 a佛山年气象干旱日数总体呈减少的趋势,2015年以后年气象干旱日数呈显著减少的趋势,2010—2011年是气象干旱日数突变减少的开始时段;年气象干旱日数存在着3 a、7 a及20 a的周期时间尺度,准3 a的短周期存在于1980年前,准7 a的周期出现在1980年后,20 a的周期有着最强的振荡,是年气象干旱日数变化的首要主周期。 相似文献
7.
《干旱气象》2017,(5)
采用四川省115个气象站1961—2014年的逐日降水资料,计算各站历年各季的Z干旱指数,根据Z指数的旱涝等级划分标准将其划分为7个等级,参考过去四川省干旱灾害的灾情记录,研究Z指数在四川的适用性,并用多种统计方法研究四川干旱的时间变化和空间分布特征。结果表明:Z指数在四川各季干旱监测中表现均较好,在四川有较好的适用性。四川干旱可划分为6个空间型,其中四川盆地西部区、东部区、南部区、中部区干旱程度加强,而川西高原区和川西南山地区干旱程度减弱;四川盆地东部区出现干旱的频率最高,而盆地西部区和南部区出现干旱的频率最低。四川盆地西部区、东部区和川西高原区较严重的干旱主要发生在夏季,而盆地南部区、中部区和川西南山地区较严重的干旱主要发生在冬季。各分区干旱变化周期不同,盆地西部区具有3~4 a的振荡周期;盆地东部区振荡周期为6~7 a;盆地南部区具有3~4 a和14~16 a的振荡周期;川西高原区具有4~5 a和8 a左右的振荡周期;盆地中部区振荡周期为7~8 a;川西南山地区振荡周期为2~3 a。 相似文献
8.
富裕县农田土壤湿度变化及其对玉米发育期和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文旨在分析黑龙江省富裕县农田土壤相对湿度对玉米发育期和产量的影响,以期为松嫩平原西部玉米生产提供科学参考。以黑龙江省富裕县为研究区域,利用1982—2017年土壤相对湿度资料、1995—2017年玉米发育期资料、玉米产量资料,采用对比分析、相关分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验法,分析土壤相对湿度变化特征,研究土壤相对湿度对玉米发育期和产量的影响。结果表明：富裕县近36 a土壤相对湿度呈增加—减小—增加的趋势。播种期—出苗期、拔节期—抽雄期、乳熟期—成熟期土壤干旱平均每4—6 a一遇,抽雄期—乳熟期每2—3 a一遇,出苗期—拔节期土壤基本无旱。各发育期土壤相对湿度减小的突变年在1987年前后,增加的突变年在2013年前后。20世纪80年代土壤较适宜,干旱轻,90年代土壤相对湿度迅速下降,干旱最重,之后随着年代的推移土壤干旱逐渐减轻。玉米主要发育期中播种期—出苗期、出苗期—拔节期土壤干旱对产量影响较小,拔节期—成熟期是土壤干旱影响产量的主要时期。 相似文献
9.
刁鹏 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2023,17(6):102-110
基于开都河流域5个国家基本气象站1961—2020年的逐日气象资料，计算了年和季节为主要时间尺度的SPEI指数数据，并利用Morlet小波分析、Mann-Kendall检验、趋势归因等方法，研究该区域的干旱时空演变规律及其原因。结果表明：近60 a，除冬季外，其余时间尺度上的开都河流域均呈干旱化趋势。在空间分布上，流域的年和夏季变化一致，自北向南呈“偏湿—偏干”趋势；春季与秋季变化趋势相同，自西向东呈“偏干—偏湿”趋势；冬季则整体呈“偏湿”趋势。气温是开都河流域干旱变化的主导因素，但流域北部地区干旱变化以降水影响为主，南部地区则受气温影响为主；同时，和静与焉耆区域除冬季外，气温对干旱趋势的贡献均远高于降水贡献，表明该区域干旱化较为严重。开都河流域各时间尺度上的干旱均基本2~6 a一遇，干旱特征多以轻旱为主，中旱次之。其中，春季不仅是重旱事件发生最多时期，还是流域干旱事件发生的主要时期。 相似文献
10.
渭河上游干旱特征与降水对天水市水资源的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中利用气象和水文观测资料。分析了渭河上游50a的干旱特征及降水对天水市水资源的影响，分析表明，渭河上游年降水在空间上有量的差异，但在气候变化趋势上基本一致；降水量存在17、13、11和3a的周期；水资源对气候变化有很强的敏感性。岷县降水量的年际变化对渭河水资源变化有很强的指示性；气候阶段性变化比年际变化对水资源所造成的影响严重；未来20a渭河流域降水很可能呈缓慢上升趋势。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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17.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献