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李娜 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2018,12(6):8-15
利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对新疆夏季两次塔什干低涡天气过程进行对比分析,从天气尺度环流系统配置、动力和水汽输送的角度探讨造成南疆不同降水强度的塔什干低涡特征差异。结果表明:当南亚高压中心位于70°E,南疆位于200 hPa急流轴出口辐散区,500 hPa塔什干低涡东移携带强西南气流时,700 hPa盆地有显著东风急流,偏西地区中低层切变辐合长时间维持,同时通过接力输送的阿拉伯海水汽与中低层东风急流携带的水汽强烈辐合,导致大范围暴雨,高层正MPV1、负MPV2向下伸展,中低层不稳定性、斜压性增强,配合700 hPa以下负MPV1、正MPV2激发垂直涡度增长,对流性降水加强;当南亚高压中心始终维持偏东(90°E),南疆位于200 hPa急流轴上,500 hPa里海脊和新疆东部高压脊势力相当时,塔什干低涡减弱为槽影响南疆,700 hPa南疆盆地东风气流弱且位置偏西,南疆地区无明显高层辐散、中低层切变辐合,不利于垂直上升运动的发展和水汽的集中辐合,难以造成显著降水。 相似文献
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WRF模式对一次河西暴雪的数值模拟分析 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
利用NCEP再分析资料,使用WRF模式模拟了2005年3月14~15日出现在甘肃河西西部(祁连山西段北坡)的一次暴雪天气过程。结果表明:WRF模式能较好地模拟出暴雪的区域,对这种中尺度天气系统具有良好的预报能力。在这次暴雪过程中,地面冷锋、低空风场切变线,以及与高空强锋区相对应的高空急流的合理配置加强了暴雪区的垂直环流的发展,使降雪区对流发展;出现暴雪时最大辐合层在600 hPa附近,500 hPa以上表现为一个深厚的辐散层。随着强降雪的开始,降雪区近地面层由辐合变为辐散,反映出由于能量释放,降雪的影响系统开始逐渐消亡;在降雪过程中始终伴随着中小尺度特征的强烈的垂直上升运动,最大上升速度层在500~400 hPa之间;降雪的水汽来源于西风气流,水汽输送在600 hPa最强。600 hPa的强水汽输送和强辐合保证了产生强降雪必需的水汽条件。 相似文献
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利用NCEP再分析资料和常规观测资料,对2001年1月6日冀南大到暴雪过程进行分析。结果表明：偏南暖湿气流在东北南下的冷垫上爬升是降雪发生与维持的有利条件;暴雪过程以回流降雪为主,后期为西来槽降雪;暴雪发生时,有较强的上升运动和较大的水汽输送与辐合,高层辐散低层辐合,中低层正涡度的发展尤其是正涡度平流的增强为暴雪过程提供了动力条件;偏南风急流为暴雪区提供了充沛的水汽和能量;非地转湿Q矢量散度的辐合区与降雪区对应;低层高能舌的演变可以大致判断强降水出现的时间和位置;在回流降雪阶段出现对流不稳定。 相似文献
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《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,(3)
2017年12月27—28日,乌鲁木齐出现大暴雪天气(简称"12·27"),强降雪伴4级阵风致能见度低并造成雪阻,严重影响了民航运输和城市交通等。本文利用MICAPS常规资料、乌鲁木齐天气雷达和风廓线雷达等资料,综合分析了这场大暴雪天气成因。结果表明:中亚低槽和地面冷锋是这场大暴雪天气的主要影响系统;水汽通过西南和偏西路径输送至乌鲁木齐,700～850 h Pa水汽贡献大;200 hPa高空西南急流维持、高层辐散低层辐合、地面冷锋和迎风坡地形抬升共同增强乌鲁木齐上升运动和水汽聚合,致降雪强度强;小时雪强2 mm的强降雪时段雷达回波强度20 dBZ,具有弱对流性,同时段850 hPa水汽通量散度值4×10-5 g·(cm2·hPa·s)-1;风廓线雷达探测高度抬升至8000 m后5 h乌鲁木齐开始降雪,强降雪时段4000 m以下Cn2-128 dB。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP/NCAR逐6 h再分析资料,对2015年11月23—24日山东南部出现的一次罕见特大暴雪天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：1）这是一次典型的回流形势降雪,850 hPa东南风急流影响的鲁南地区降雪强度较大,而东北风急流影响的区域降雪强度较弱。2）700 hPa强西南低空急流、850 hPa东南低空急流为鲁南地区降雪提供了充沛的水汽,水汽通量的强辐合区域即为大暴雪的发生区域。3）暴雪区上空散度呈现出弱辐散—强辐合—强辐散的垂直结构;暴雪落区与高空的强辐合中心以及强上升运动中心吻合度较高。4）暴雪期间,850～925 hPa之间维持一个逆温层;强冷空气使得925 hPa以下边界层温度锐降导致降雨迅速转雪,降雪持续时间长是鲁南地区产生异常强降雪的重要原因。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料,FY-2G卫星、喀什多普勒雷达、全球同化系统(global data assimilation system, GDAS)数据及NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料,对2020年11月20—23日发生在南疆西部喀什、克州地区的一次暴雪天气过程进行了多尺度诊断分析。结果表明：500 hPa中亚低涡为此次暴雪天气过程发生的大尺度环流背景,700～850 hPa切变线提供有利的动力条件,中低层持续上升运动以及低层辐合、高层辐散的配置为暴雪提供动力支持;HYSPLIT水汽后向轨迹模拟结果显示,此次暴雪水汽源地主要在里海—咸海、西西伯利亚,不同高度上两者水汽贡献率有明显差别,里海水汽贡献率大于西西伯利亚水汽贡献率,因此偏西路径水汽输送占比略多;整个暴雪天气过程中雷达回波以层状云回波为主,回波强度仅为20～25 dBz,但有弱的对流特征;降雪开始时卫星云图上云顶亮温迅速下降,降雪区处于其等值线边缘的梯度大值区。 相似文献
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利用常规观测、NCEP再分析及FY-2G TBB等资料,对贵州2020年1月24—25日的冰雹、雨雪共存天气进行分析,结果表明:(1)此次复杂天气主要由南支槽前强上升运动把低空急流带来的充沛水汽强迫抬升至-10℃以上,前期能量集聚使得大气不稳定度迅速加大,滇黔静止锋触发贵州南部不稳定能量释放,共同造成了此次天气。(2)冰雹是由高架雷暴造成的,暖湿逆温层、强垂直风切变、强不稳定层结和合适的温度垂直分布是发生强对流的主要原因。(3)冷锋及深厚南支槽是降雪发生的主要环流形势,中层水汽辐合的强度及厚度不断增长、槽前动力抬升使得水汽伸展到-10℃以上,配合气温不断下降共同造成了暴雪天气。(4)贵州西部较充沛的外部水汽输送为降雨提供有利条件,高低空急流的有效叠加及典型的低层辐合、高层辐散加大降水强度。(5)强上升运动在降雪前8 h出现、涡度平流在降雪前24 h出现跃增,低层辐合的强度大于高层辐散;较之冰雹、暴雪区,大暴雪区饱和区伸展更高、上升运动更强、涡度平流更强,但水汽辐合稍弱;大暴雪区表现为稳定的低冷高暖,冰雹区、暴雪区则表现为由低到高的"冷—暖—冷"结构。(6)降雪区TBB纹理较均匀,大部在-20～-32℃,TBB低值区对应降雪强度较大,降雪最强时段TBB达-52℃。 相似文献
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在分析环流背景、影响系统及诸层物理量场特征基础上,结合MICAPS资料和NCEP 1°×1°的6 h再分析资料,对2007年3月初唐山暴雪天气过程进行了诊断分析.结果表明,加深的高空槽、700 hPa低涡及东北平原回流的强冷空气是这次暴雪的主要影响系统,降雪期间的高空辐散低层辐合、正涡度的增强、较强的上升运动以及冷空气强迫抬升是暴雪发生的动力机制,低层持续的偏东风是主要水汽输送通道,700 hPa的Q矢量辐合区与降雪落区有较好对应关系. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献