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1.
一次冬季锋面暴风雪天气过程的斜压边界层特征的观测分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对STORM-FESTIOP17一次冬季锋面暴风雪天气过程的斜压边界层结构演变及特征进行了分析。发现：暖湿空气沿锋面抬升凝结成云，产生降水过程中释放的大量潜热显著增加锋两侧的水平温度差异，产生锋生。与锋生相伴，在锋前产生低空急流和高空急流。当锋生至最强时，锋两侧温差可达20K，锋前低空急流开始减弱，锋后低空急流增强，锋后冷平流开始主导锋两侧的环流系统。该冷平流削弱锋两侧的温度水平梯度，产生锋消作用。对这次锋面斜压对流边界层的湍流特征分析表明：在边界层之上切应力wv明显增大；湍能收支分析表明在边界层之上的风切变产生项很强，即大尺度天气系统有利于斜压对流边界层的发展，边界层内各量充分混合。这次冬季锋面暴风雪天气过程，冷锋前的低空南风急流从墨西哥湾携带来的充足水汽及锋区边界层大气的强斜压性是其产生的关键因子：冷锋过后，大尺度高空急流的作用更有利于对流边界层的充分发展。 相似文献
2.
非绝热加热对冷锋锋生过程影响的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用半地转模式研究了非绝热加热对冷锋锋生过程的影响。计算结果表明，非绝热加热包括大尺度凝结潜热、积云对流加热和感热都可以在加热区诱发出附加的锋生场。从而使加热区内的锋区强度得到明显加强；三种加热都能使上升速度增大，其中大尺度凝结潜热释放可在锋前出现一条宽约２００ｋｍ的强降水带．积云对流加热可使上升运动区范围缩小或在低层出现中尺度雨带，感热加热是产生中尺度雨带的一种可能机制。计算还表明，大尺度凝结潜热对锋生过程的影响最明显。它可以影响锋生过程中所有物理量。而积云对流加热和感热加热只对位温场和垂直速度场有明显影晌。但影响程度没有大尺度凝结潜热大。 相似文献
3.
华东地区6-7月锋生的气候学特征及环流结构 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用中国华东地区212个站点2000-2010年6-7月逐日降水资料和NCEP/NACR再分析资料,运用运动学锋生函数公式,分析了华东地区6-7月锋生、锋面及其环流结构的气候学特征。结果表明,锋生函数值在华东区域呈现不均匀分布,且不同性质的运动学锋生具有不同的锋生强度和分布。其中,江淮地区是6-7月综合锋生最强的区域。根据风场在850 hPa强锋生带的切变及辐合情况,将6-7月的锋生类型分成4个大类,即暖切变型锋生、冷切变型锋生、西风辐合型锋生、东风辐合型锋生,其中,冷切变型锋生又分为两个亚类。不同类型的锋生个例数不同,江淮地区最多的是暖切变型锋生。不同锋面的水平结构与垂直结构存在显著差异,但对于强锋生过程,340 K假相当位温等值线与锋区平行且穿过锋区,其对判断强锋生过程和锋区位置具有指示意义。强锋生事件的出现有其大尺度环流背景,而不同类型的强锋生事件的环流背景差异较大:背景气旋或反气旋环流的中心位置、强度、辐散辐合场的分布、垂直环流结构等方面有不同程度的差异。降水与锋生强度紧密相关。锋生较强时,降水较多。暖切变型锋生日降水量最大,降水发生在锋区内部,与强锋生带走向一致;冷切变型次,两种类型的降水均发生在锋区的南侧,呈东北—西南走向;西风辐合再次之,降水发生在锋区内部偏南一侧。 相似文献
4.
引发北方沙尘暴天气快速发展气旋的数值模拟研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
使用非静力中尺度模式,对2000年4月5～7日引发北方沙尘暴大风天气的蒙古气旋快速发生发展过程做了48 h的预报试验,发现含全物理过程时,该模式基本可再现出大尺度背景场演变和蒙古气旋快速发展的过程;气旋发展前期冷暖空气相当活跃,有很强的斜压性,锋生函数辐散项对气旋的发展作用最大;对流层高层的位涡大值区在向下向东传递过程中,中低层出现气旋快速发展,气旋达最强盛时,对流层中形成一个上下贯通的垂直涡柱;对流层顶"下陷",高层位涡大值区(即高空冷涡低槽的发展)与低层锋区出现相互作用,这可能是导致斜压扰动发展及气旋初始生成的重要机制;潜热释放在本次气旋发生发展过程中作用不显著.这与梅雨锋上低压(扰动)等系统的情况有很大差别. 相似文献
5.
受0012号台风（派比安）外围影响，2000年8月30日02时至31日08时，在江苏省东北部发生了一次具有局域性、突发性、高强度、超历史、灾情重等特征的特大暴雨，分析研究发现，在台风外围第二象限，江苏东北部地面存在中-β尺度的能量锋区，此能量锋区是构成产生、维持特大暴雨的中-β尺度的天气系统。利用锋生函数对此能量锋区的发生发展进行诊断，结果表明，锋生函数的变形项起了决定性作用，辐合项也有较明显的贡献，非绝热加热在锋生初期有作用，但对锋区的维持，其贡献并不明显，进一步用二维中尺度方程对锋区进行数值模拟，结果显示，在能量锋附近驱动产生了涡旋，在涡旋上升支，将高能区的暖湿空气向上输送而成云致雨，在涡旋下沉支，通过下沉气流使雨迅速下落，同时拖曳冷空气使地面降温，使得锋区维持和加强，致使雨强增幅，综合分析表明，中-β尺度能量锋区形成以后，通过锋区附近的中-β尺度的辐合线，中低压，中高压以及锋区附近驱动的扰动涡旋等中-β尺度的天气系统间的相互作用，导致了这次江苏省东北部高强度的特大暴雨。 相似文献
6.
变形场锋生条件下斜压锋区上对称波包的发展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
文中用 WKBJ方法讨论了叠加在 Hoskins- Bretherton( 1 972 )变形场锋生模型背景上对称斜压波包的发展问题。在锋区斜压气流对称稳定的条件下 ( F2 N2 - M2 =q>0 ) ,大尺度变形场强迫、锋生环流的作用及锋生过程引起的稳定度参数 ( F2 ,N2 ,M2 )的个别变化也会对对称扰动的发展产生作用 ,变形场锋生和锋区环流的上升支下方有利于对称扰动发展 ,而锋区附近非地转垂直切变和稳定度参数的变化对扰动的影响则与对称扰动的结构有关。 相似文献
7.
应用1998年6月中旬的分析资料, 对1998年6月16~17日暴雨时段的梅雨锋结构及梅雨锋的形成与维持进行了诊断分析, 确认了暴雨发生时期梅雨锋结构的一些普遍特征, 如在对流层低层表现为θse锋而不是温度的强烈对比, 梅雨锋区是一个低层正涡度带以及风和水汽的辐合带等。同时揭示了1998年6月暴雨时期梅雨锋结构的典型特征:锋区从近地面可伸展到600 hPa层 (一般认为梅雨锋只存在于800 hPa以下), 近乎垂直、略向北倾; 锋区900 hPa以下是一个大气弱对流不稳定区, 向上气层变为潮湿中性直至400 hPa, 等θse线基本上呈垂直分布; 锋区斜压性相当弱等。研究表明, 出现强降水时的梅雨锋结构已经变性或者说它是介于温带锋面结构和ITCZ结构之间的副热带锋系结构。分析还认为, 在强盛的南海季风涌和频繁的西风带扰动组配的大尺度有利背景形势下, 低层空气的水平运动和地转偏差风对1998梅雨锋的形成和维持有明显的正贡献。 相似文献
8.
大尺度凝结加热与中尺度位温扰动对冷锋锋生的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中导得简化的包括大尺度凝结潜热的半地转锋生模式，利用该模式讨论了大尺度凝结加热和中尺度位温扰动对冷锋锋生的影响，给出了锋生过程中各物理量的演变图。计算结果表明，大尺度凝结加热对冷锋锋生具有加强作用，增大锋生率，增大上升运动速度，缩小上升运动区的范围，使之更具有中尺度系统特征，使非地转越锋环流增强并发生倾斜，凝结加热和中尺度位温扰动的结合是锋前暖区多重雨带形成的可能机制之一。 相似文献
9.
本文根据二维基本气流的理论,通过实例分析了梅雨锋附近的条件性对称稳定度的分布和演变;它与准地转锋生环流的相互作用;它与锋区垂直结构及大尺度水平环流的关系。发现对流不稳定大气因垂直对流而达到对流中性后,可能由于局地条件性对称不稳定而激发斜对流;如果暖区条件性对称稳定度很弱,准地转锋生环流的上升支也会产生类似对流的强降水带,从而使暴雨在对流稳定的条件下持续。这种条件性对称不稳定和弱稳定性与锋区的垂直结构、大范围水平环流、尤其与200hPa南亚高压及500hPa西太平洋副高脊线的相对位置有关。 相似文献
10.
采用美国国家环境预测中心的CFSR(Climate Forecast System Reanalysis)再分析资料和QuickSCAT(Quick Scatterometer)、AVHRR(Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)、TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)高分辨率卫星资料,研究了大气对春季东海黑潮锋响应的气压调整机制及其年际变化。结果表明,春季东海黑潮锋位于黑潮暖舌的西北侧,呈西南-东北走向,与大尺度气压背景场的等压线走向一致,锋区东南侧暖水与西北侧冷水之间产生的局地气压梯度与大尺度气压梯度形成同向叠加,使得锋区附近西北指向东南的气压梯度达到最大,造成该处的海表面10 m矢量风速也最大,在摩擦作用下形成东北偏北风(NNE)。锋区与其东南侧的NNE风之间沿锋区走向(跨锋区走向)的分量差,会在暖舌附近产生气旋性切变涡度(风速辐合),由此产生上升运动和强降水;而在锋区西北侧的冷水区情况正好相反,有反气旋性切变涡度(风速辐散),并伴有下沉运动和弱降水,从而形成跨锋区的次级环流圈。东海黑潮锋区偏强(弱)年,锋区东南侧暖水与西北侧冷水之间的局地气压梯度也偏强(弱),与大尺度气压梯度同向叠加后形成偏强(弱)的NNE风,造成锋区东南侧暖舌附近的气旋性切变涡度、风速辐合、上升运动和降水均偏强(弱),而锋区西北侧冷水区的反气旋性切变涡度、风速辐散和下沉运动均偏强(弱),跨锋区次级环流圈偏强(弱),这表明在年际时间尺度上气压调整机制仍起作用。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献