共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
数值模式误差对降水四维变分资料同化及预报的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用一个无量纲的水汽发展方程,针对同化时间窗口内出现和不出现降水两种情况,分析了不同模式误差和初始误差对降水四维变分资料同化预报效果的影响。结果表明,应用四维变分资料同化方法进行降水预报前,应该充分考虑数值模式中的误差,才能得到比较满意的同化及预报结果。假定同化窗口内获得的比湿观测场是准确的,当不存在模式误差时,四维变分资料同化方法可以有效地消除初始场误差,找到比湿真实初始场;而存在模式误差时,四维变分资料同化后的模式初始场会偏离真实的比湿初始场,并且模式误差越大,偏离程度越严重。在一些模式误差情况下,由于模式误差在同化窗口及延伸预报时段的作用不同,进行四维变分资料同化处理后,尽管累积降水量的预报结果在同化时间窗口内优于同化前的预报,而在最终预报时刻反而差于同化前。 相似文献
2.
由于洋面上缺少有效的台风观测资料,台风初始化对全球数值预报业务模式而言,仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。国家气象中心自从2009年将T639全球数值预报系统投入业务运行以来,应用了一套完整可行的台风初始化方案,其技术路线是在台风刚发生时的预报时刻,在背景场嵌入人造bogus涡旋;而在后续的循环滚动预报时刻,采取涡旋重定位和涡旋调整技术方案;因此,第一个预报时刻的涡旋形成技术直接影响到后续时刻的台风涡旋质量乃至预报效果。但是,人造bogus涡旋主要依据统计的经验模型建立,其结构与全球数值模式的动力学、物理学属性并不匹配。基于国家气象中心T639全球资料分析同化-预报循环系统,一套升级版的台风初始化方案被发展了起来,与业务方案的主要区别在于升级方案利用资料同化技术来形成初始涡旋而不是直接嵌入人造bogus涡旋;这在很大程度上减少了人为主观因素对台风初始结构的影响,而更多地是依靠变分资料同化来协调约束产生三维空间的涡旋环流,这样产生的涡旋环流不但与周围环境场比较协调,而且与模式的动力学、物理学属性也比较匹配。应用新方案,本文对生成于西北太平洋2011-2012年27个台风进行了数值试验,初步分析表明,新方案在实现台风初始涡旋环流结构方面有着不错的表现,相比于业务使用的方案而言,新方案台风路径平均预报误差有了不错幅度的降低,2~5 d预报平均路径误差普遍降低了3%~15%。 相似文献
3.
基于模式约束三维变分技术的连续循环同化试验研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
由于模式约束三维变分同化技术中考虑了模式的动力和物理过程,因此能保证各物理量间的平衡关系,从而滤除由于观测资料引入导致的高频波动,减小模式与初始场的协调时间.由于能在较短时间调整到稳定状态,采用模式约束三维变分同化进行连续循环同化可用较少的计算量达到同化多时次的多种观测资料的目的.该研究利用模式约束三维变分技术,针对2006年"桑美"台风个例,进行了连续循环同化卫星云导风、QuikSCAT海面风、Bogus海平面气压的试验.在台风数值预报中往往需要使用经验构造的台风信息(如Bogus海平面气压,Bogus风场等),该研究采用了模式约束三维变分同化技术同化Bogus海平面气压.由于模式约束三维变分同化技术充分考虑了各物理量间的约束,因此通过同化Bogus海平面气压也调整了初始场中相应的高度场、温度场、风场等变量,使得初始场中的台风涡旋具有较强的协调性,提高了对台风的模拟能力.采用AVN模式6小时间隔的分析场作为侧边界,2006年8月8日20时的分析场作为初估场,文中对8月8日20时到9日05时"桑美"台风的观测资料进行了连续循环同化.采用连续循环同化后台风路径的模拟精度得到了显著提高,对台风降水结构等的模拟也得到了改善. 相似文献
4.
采用预报涡旋的初始化方案对2015年台风“莲花”、“灿鸿”的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
提出了一种采用预报涡旋的初始化方案,用预报涡旋代替bogus模型参与构建模式初始场,采用权重形式合成预报涡旋和分析涡旋获取台风初始涡旋。针对2015年“莲花”和“灿鸿”台风,基于该初始化方案设计了一系列对比试验进行数值模拟,并对结果进行分析。结果表明:(1)该方案得到的台风初始涡旋结构比bogus模型合理;(2)预报涡旋权重不宜取太大;(3)从长时效预报效果看,采用24 h内预报涡旋比采用长时效预报涡旋台风的路径和强度误差减小;(4)采用同一权重方案对“莲花”、“灿鸿”预报的改进效果不同,其原因与预报涡旋和分析涡旋的协调程度有关。多台风情形下可在初步评估的基础上采用不同时效的预报涡旋和不同权重方案。 相似文献
5.
采用MM5数值预报模式,以及以MM5和它的伴随模式为基础的四维变分同化系统,以NCEP/NCAR再分析资料为背景场,运用BDA(bogus data assimilation)方案优化热带气旋的初始结构,从而一定程度上弥补了海洋上资料缺乏所造成的台风中心位置不准确,台风环流偏弱,台风内部结构不完整等问题,在此基础上对台风进行了72小时数值预报。通过对多个台风个例的研究表明,BDA方案对台风的初始化处理,有效性地构造出了原来分析场所缺乏的台风内部结构,并且与模式初始场协调,因而大大改进了台风中心强度的预报,对于台风路径的预报也有改进,但不是十分理想,还有待提高。 相似文献
6.
云迹风资料的三维变分同化及对台风预报的影响试验 总被引：17，自引：13，他引：17
主要研究云迹风资料对三维变分同化分析场及台风预报的影响。首先分析了不同通道和层次的静止气象卫星云迹风产品的误差特征；然后，把云迹风资料放到GRAPES三维变分同化系统中进行同化，通过将不同观测类型资料的同化结果进行对比，探讨了红外通道和水汽通道云迹风资料对数值预报分析场的影响；最后，把同化后的分析场作为初始场，用WRF模式对2002年“森拉克”台风做24小时预报实验。结果表明，不同通道和层次的云迹风资料具有不同的误差特征；云迹风资料可以提高分析场和预报场中风压场的质量；而且在台风预报试验中可以更准确地预报台风的路径和降水。 相似文献
7.
降维投影四维变分同化(DRP-4DVar)方法的背景误差协方差是由基于历史预报的扰动样本统计得到的,为了改进降维投影四维变分同化系统中背景误差协方差的流依赖特性,提出了对初始扰动样本进行预分析的新思路,即在对背景场分析之前,利用降维投影四维变分同化系统本身对每个样本进行预先分析,使得统计出的背景误差协方差随实际的天气形势而变化,从而实现其在真正意义上的流依赖,且在循环同化时能够避免滤波发散现象的出现。试验结果表明,对样本进行预先分析能够通过改善同化系统中背景误差协方差的空间结构和流依赖特性,来进一步改进降维投影四维变分同化方法的性能,为数值模式提供更精确的初始场,从而提高了基本模式变量的预报精度,并改善了对强降水的模拟能力。相比较而言,对所有初始扰动样本都进行了预分析的同化试验能够得到最优的分析和预报。 相似文献
8.
9.
国家气象中心台风路径数值预报模式自1996年6月投入业务运行以来, 一直在背景场中采用经验平滑滤波技术消除浅台风和嵌入轴对称的台风bogus涡旋技术。但事实上, 在采用经验平滑技术消除背景场中弱的位置不准确的浅台风涡旋同时, 也滤除了台风中心周围一些宝贵的非对称气流结构, 同时, 由于实际的台风涡旋结构是非对称的, 因而对采用轴对称涡旋的模式初始场而言, 或多或少的贡献了一些模式预报结果的路径误差。为了调查这部分非对称结构对台风预报路径误差的影响, 从T213L31全球谱模式提供的背景场中抽取浅台风周围的非对称流场, 将之加入到轴对称的台风bogus涡旋中。初步的个例试验发现, 加入非对称流场后, 能有效地减少台风路径预报误差。 相似文献
10.
全球数值模式中的台风初始化Ⅱ: 业务应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由于缺少大量有效的观测资料,台风初始化对数值天气预报业务模式而言,仍然是一个悬而末决的难题.中国国家气象中心自从1996年将台风数值预报系统投入业务运行以来,一直使用经验的人造bogus涡旋台风初始化技术.实际上,不同时期的台风有着不同的环流结构,即使同一个台风在不同的生命期也具有不同的结构特征,而这些结构特征的差异并不能依靠现有的bogus涡旋技术体现出来,这种主观方法的统一性与台风在时空上的差异性形成了强烈的反差.最近,基于国家气象中心全球资料分析同化-预报循环系统,设计和发展了一套新的台风初始化业务方案,它主要由初始涡旋形成、涡旋重定位和涡旋调整3部分过程组成.相比于业务中使用的人造bogus涡旋台风初始化方案,新方案在很大程度上减少了人为因素对台风涡旋结构的影响,而更多地是依靠数值模式自身的动力和物理过程来协调约束产生三维空间的涡旋结构.应用新方案,文中对生成于西北太平洋的2006年0605号台风格美(Kaemi)进行了数值试验,初步分析表明,新方案在实现台风涡旋环流结构的初始化方面效果较好,同时,对台风格美多个时次的预报结果也显示,相比于业务使用的bogus方案而言,新方案对台风路径平均预报误差有了大幅度的降低. 相似文献
11.
应用ATOVS资料和非对称Bogus资料对登陆台风韦帕的4DVAR数值模拟分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
前人研究中BDA方法采用的轴对称Bogus台风不能反映个别台风具体特征并弃掉了背景场的合理成分,也没有考虑大环境场的影响及湿热要素的同化。因此,提出一种充分融合分析场信息和实际观测信息并考虑副高影响的精细非对称台风Bogus方法,并在MM5的伴随同化系统中引入快速辐射传输模式RTTOV8,通过四维变分同化(4DVAR)技术,加入海面风场和气压场Bogus资料及多颗卫星多条轨道上的ATOVS红外和微波卫星辐射亮温资料并考虑Noah陆面过程方案来对登陆台风韦帕进行数值模拟,结果表明,单独同化海面Bogus资料的BDA方案可间接产生初始场非对称三维环流结构和暖心结构,但对湿度场及台风周围大环境场的调整不足,台风登陆后的路径预报改善也不明显;引入陆面过程方案弥补了Bogus资料对台风登陆后路径预报的不足;加入ATOVS资料能对湿度场及台风周围环境场做出调整,重构了大量中尺度结构信息,取得更为精细的初始台风环流和温压湿场结构,保持BDA方案路径及强度预报的优势的同时,使预报的降水强度增加,降水落区发生改变。 相似文献
12.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON A DYNAMIC ASYMMETRICAL TYPHOON INITIALIZATION SCHEME BASED ON 4D-VAR 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Axisymmetric bogus vortexes at sea level are usually used in the traditional bogus data
assimilation (BDA) scheme. In the traditional scheme, the vortex could not accurately describe the specific
characteristics of a typhoon, and the evolving real typhoon is forced to unreasonably adapt to this
changeless vortex. For this reason, an asymmetrical typhoon bogus method with information blended from
the analysis and the observation is put forward in this paper, in which the impact of the Subtropical High is
also taken into consideration. With the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) and its
adjoint model, a four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) technique is employed to build a
dynamic asymmetrical BDA scheme to assimilate different asymmetrical bogus vortexes at different time.
The track and intensity of six summer typhoons much influenced by the Subtropical High are simulated
and the results are compared. It is shown that the improvement in track simulation in the new scheme is
more significant than that in the traditional scheme. Moreover, the periods for which the track cannot be
simulated well by the traditional scheme can be improved with the new scheme. The results also reveal
that although the simulated typhoon intensity in the new scheme is generally weaker than that in the
traditional scheme, this trend enables the new scheme to simulate, in the later period, closer-to-observation
intensity than the traditional scheme. However, despite the fact that the observed intensity has been largely
weakened, the simulated intensity at later periods of the BDA schemes is still very intensive, resulting in
overly development of the typhoon during the simulation. The limitation to the simulation effect of the
BDA scheme due to this condition needs to be further studied. 相似文献
13.
A typhoon bogus data assimilation scheme (BDA) using dimension-reduced projection four-dimen-sional variational data assimilation (DRP-4-DVar),called DRP-BDA for short,is built in the Advanced Regional Eta Model (AREM).As an adjoint-free approach,DRP-BDA saves time,and only several minutes are taken for the full BDA process.To evaluate its performance,the DRP-BDA is applied to a case study on a landfall ty-phoon,Fengshen (2008),from the Northwestern Pacific Ocean to Guangdong province,in which the bogus sea level pressure (SLP) is assimilated as a kind of observa-tion.The results show that a more realistic typhoon with correct center position,stronger warm core vortex,and more reasonable wind fields is reproduced in the analyzed initial condition through the new approach.Compared with the control run (CTRL) initialized with NCEP Final (FNL) Global Tropospheric Analyses,the DRP-BDA leads to an evidently positive impact on typhoon track forecasting and a small positive impact on typhoon inten-sity forecasting.Furthermore,the forecast landfall time conforms to the observed landfall time,and the forecast track error at the 36th hour is 32 km,which is much less than that of the CTRL (450 km). 相似文献
14.
A new method, BDA perturbing, is used in ensemble forecasting of typhoon track. This method is
based on the Bogus Data Assimilation scheme. It perturbs the initial position and intensity of typhoons and gets a
series of bogus vortex. Then each bogus vortex is used in data assimilation to obtain initial conditions. Ensemble
forecast members are constructed by conducting simulation with these initial conditions. Some cases of typhoon
are chosen to test the validity of this new method and the results show that: using the BDA perturbing method to
perturb initial position and intensity of typhoon for track forecast can improve accuracy, compared with the direct
use of the BDA assimilation scheme. And it is concluded that a perturbing amplitude of intensity of 5 hPa is
probably more appropriate than 10 hPa if the BDA perturbing method is used in combination with initial
position perturbation. 相似文献
15.
In this study,the authors introduce a new bogus data assimilation method based on the dimension-reduced projection 4-DVar,which can resolve the cost function directly in low-dimensional space.The authors also try a new method to improve the quality of samples,which are the base of dimension-reduced space projection bogus data assimilation (DRP-BDA).By running a number of numerical weather models with different model parameterization combinations on the typhoon Sinlaku,the authors obtained two groups of samples with different spreads and similarities.After DRP-BDA,the results show that,compared with the control runs,the simulated typhoon center pressure can be deepened by more than 20 hPa to 30 hPa and that the intensity can last as long as 60 hours.The mean track error is improved after DRP-BDA,and the structure of the typhoon is also improved.The wind near the typhoon center is enhanced dramatically,while the warm core is moderate. 相似文献
16.
Initialization and simulation of a landfalling typhoon using a variational bogus mapped data assimilation (BMDA) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Recently, a new data assimilation method called “3-dimensional variational data assimilation of mapped observation (3DVM)”
has been developed by the authors. We have shown that the new method is very efficient and inexpensive compared with its counterpart
4-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar). The new method has been implemented into the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale
model MM5V1 (MM5_3DVM). In this study, we apply the new method to the bogus data assimilation (BDA) available in the original
MM5 with the 4DVar. By the new approach, a specified sea-level pressure (SLP) field (bogus data) is incorporated into MM5
through the 3DVM (for convenient, we call it variational bogus mapped data assimilation – BMDA) instead of the original 4DVar
data assimilation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the new 3DVM method, initialization and simulation of a landfalling
typhoon – typhoon Dan (1999) over the western North Pacific with the new method are compared with that with its counterpart
4DVar in MM5. Results show that the initial structure and the simulated intensity and track are improved more significantly
using 3DVM than 4DVar. Sensitivity experiments also show that the simulated typhoon track and intensity are more sensitive
to the size of the assimilation window in the 4DVar than that in the 3DVM. Meanwhile, 3DVM takes much less computing cost
than its counterpart 4DVar for a given time window. 相似文献
17.
The Effects of Assimilating Satellite Brightness Temperature and Bogus Data on the Simulation of Typhoon Kalmaegi (2008) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Observational and bogus satellite data are directly assimilated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulations of Typhoon Kalmaegi (2008). The data assimilation is performed using the Radiative Transfer for TIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder (RTTOV) model and the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) technique, with satellite observations taken from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-16 (NOAA-16) Advanced TIROS Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) system composed of the High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS), the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A), and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B). Data assimilation experiments are initialized at three different times. Improvements in the numerical simulation of the typhoon are discussed in the context of wind, temperature, pressure, and geopotential fields. The results indicate that assimilation of satellite data can improve both the representation of the initial conditions and the subsequent simulation of the typhoon. Different satellite data have different impacts on the typhoon track. In these simulations, data from AMSU-A play a greater role in improving the simulation of the typhoon than data from AMSU-B or HIRS. Assimilation of satellite data significantly affects the simulation of the subtropical high and the steering of the typhoon by the environmental flow. The subtropical high is enhanced and extends westward in the data assimilation experiments. The background flow therefore steers the typhoon more westward, improving the simulated typhoon track. Although direct assimilation of satellite brightness temperature improves the simulated environmental conditions, it does not significantly improve the simulated intensity of the typhoon. By contrast, initializing the typhoon simulation using bogus data in tandem with satellite data improves not only the environmental conditions but also the simulated inner-core structure of the typhoon. Assimilation of both types of data therefore improves the simulation of both the typhoon track and the typhoon intensity. The results of these experiments offer new insight into improving numerical simulations of typhoons. 相似文献
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构造合理的背景场误差协方差是做好资料同化的关键。分析了背景误差协方差中变量相关关系在台风季节和非台风季节隐含的不同动力平衡特征,并讨论其对台风同化和预报的影响。分析发现,与非台风季节相比,在台风季节温度与非平衡速度势具有更强的动力相关性,拟相对湿度与其他控制变量的相关性也更显著。这些动力相关性在背景场误差中协方差的引入,将在同化分析过程中使得观测信息可以合理地对同化分析场产生影响。台风循环同化和预报的结果验证了对变量平衡特征的分析:背景误差协方差中新平衡关系的建立,对同化和预报有较大的正面影响,尤其是相对湿度和其他控制变量相关的建立,明显改善了台风路径、强度和降水的预报效果。 相似文献