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1.
东亚对流层上部和平流层中下部大气环流的初步研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据1957—1961平东亚九十余个探空站的记录,对东亚对流层中上部和平流层中下部的大气环流特点作了初步的分析,得到如下几点结果: 1.在冬季,对流层中上部的气压场和风场特点和过去研究的结论基本一致。在夏季,高原部分的环流特征却和过去的结论不同,夏季在高原上对流层中部出现微弱的气旋性环流,但在300毫巴已在反气旋的控制之下,而且反气旋的势力愈往上去愈强,在100毫巴处高原上空的反气旋达到最大强度,这是与青藏高原的热力性质有关系的。此外,从1月到7月东亚对流层上部的气压场和风场变化甚大,在中高纬度气压场有相反的趋势,并且副热带高压脊线从冬季的北纬15°位置移到夏季的北纬28°。 2.在东亚沿海,中纬度的几个测站在平流层中部的温度年变程呈双峰型,最高温度出现在1月和6—7月。在低纬度温度的年变程也呈双峰,但位相与中纬度相反。低纬温度年变化特点与辐射有关;中纬度的温度年变化,经过计算表明,1月的高峰与温度平流有密切关系。 3.东亚对流层中上部和平流层中下部风场的季节变化,与对流层中下部一样显著。从夏到冬的环流季节变化过程,高低空有一致性,而从冬到夏的环流季节变化过程,高低空变化并不一致。 相似文献
2.
采用UARS卫星1993—2004年卤素掩星试验的观测资料(HALOE),分析了青藏高原(下称高原)上空大气中H2O和CH4的分布和季节变化,也与同纬度其它地区作对比,找出它们的差异,并分析了H2O和CH4的多年变化趋势。结果表明:高原上空H2O混合比在对流层上层随高度迅速减少,在对流层顶和平流层底达到极小值,平流层里水汽混合比随高度增加。高原上空CH4混合比从140 hPa直至1 hPa随高度递减。在对流层上部和平流层下部H2O和CH4混合比季节差异最明显。高原上空H2O和CH4混合比与同纬度带其它地区相比有不少差异,这种差异在对流层上部和平流层下部更明显。分析还表明:高原上空对流层上部和平流层下部H2O和CH4的分布明显受到高原热力作用引起的垂直运动的影响,高原区域是平流层和对流层交换的活跃区。平流层中上层H2O和CH4的关系很密切,其原因主要是在平流层中上层CH4很容易被氧化成H2O。趋势分析表明,在对流层顶附近,水汽在1993—2004年呈下降趋势,而CH4在1998年以前和2001年以后也呈下降趋势;平流层中层1993—2000年H2O混合比呈增加趋势,CH4呈下降趋势,2000—2004年H2O混合比呈下降趋势,而CH4呈增加趋势。 相似文献
3.
台北高空气象要素年变化特征分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文利用1991－1995年台北高空气候资料年报表分析了该地区平流层下部的高度、温度和风的年变化特征，另外还分析了台北站对流层顶的高度、温度和风等气象要素，指出台北高空对流层顶的高度变化呈双峰双谷型，温度与之有反相关关系；台北平流层下部的高度变化则为一峰一谷型。 相似文献
4.
青海省对流层顶若干统计特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
主要利用青海省7个探空站1970~2001年高空观测资料,运用统计学方法,对各站各类对流层顶的时空分布、季节变化和趋势等进行了分析,揭示了对流层顶的分布特征及其高度、温度变化的基本事实和规律。结果表明:由于不同类型对流层顶在各站的位置随着季节有明显的南北进退,因此,出现频率各异;两类对流层顶的高度不仅有明显的差异,而且还具有明显的季节性变化,极地类对流层顶高度在春季最高,夏季最低,而热带类对流层顶高度在夏季最高,秋季最低;最高对流层顶与低温相对应,最低对流层顶与高温相对应;热带类对流层顶年平均高度变化呈上升趋势,年平均温度变化呈下降趋势。这与近几年来,平流层内臭氧减少,温度降低,对流层高度抬升有关。 相似文献
5.
本利用青海省7个探空站1970—2001年高空观测资料，运用统计学方法，对各站各类对流层顶的时空分布、季节变化和趋势等进行了分析，揭示了对流层顶的分布特征及其高度、温度变化的基本事实和规律。结果表明：由于不同类型对流层顶在各站的位置随着季节有明显的南北进退，因此，出现频率各异；两类对流层顶的高度不仅有明显的差异，而且还具有明显的季节性变化，极地类对流层顶高度在春季最高，夏季最低，而热带类对流层顶高度在夏季最高，秋季最低；最高对流层顶与低温相对应，最低对流层顶与高温相对应；热带类对流层顶年平均高度变化呈上升趋势，年平均温度变化呈下降趋势。 相似文献
6.
大理地区对流层至低平流层大气垂直结构的特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2016,(1)
利用JICA计划中日合作"2008年季风过程与暴雨天气上游关键区综合气象观测试验"期间在大理站的GPS探空资料,分析了季风3个加密观测阶段该地区对流层至低平流层大气垂直结构特征。结果表明,观测期间对流层顶以第二(副热带)对流层顶为主,平均高度为14.8 km,对流层平均温度递减率为6.4℃·km~(-1);对流层顶高度与气温、气压和风速均呈显著的负相关;季风爆发前(后)水汽主要集中在6.6(8.3)km以下对流层;季风爆发前对流层至低平流层被西风带控制;季风爆发阶段对流层至低平流层风速减小,低平流层风向由西风转成东风;季风强盛阶段低平流层东风逐渐下传,对流层高层至低平流层风速增大,风向基本转成偏东风。 相似文献
7.
赤道西太平洋大气热结构及对流层顶变化特征的分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文主要利用TOGA-COARE强化观测期间“实验３”号船的探空资料，经分析发现:赤道西太平洋暖池中心区，对流层大气平均温度直减率为0.62～0.74℃/100 m，但是，在西风爆发期间，一般不低于0.68℃ /100 m；对流活动的强弱对对流层顶有重要影响；对流层顶与500 hPa、200 hPa等压面温度存在显著线性相关；平流层下部有逆温层、降温层交替出现的成层现象。 分析还发现，日平均的500 hPa、200 hPa温度、对流层顶、对流层顶上第一逆温层的厚度和逆温强度，都具有20～40天振荡的特征。文章分析认为，上述有关赤道西太平洋暖池区大气热结构的基本特征，体现了热带西太平洋夏半球大气的状况；积云对流活动对大气对流层中上部温度、对流层顶以及平流层下部的20～40天振荡的形成有重要影响。 相似文献
8.
基于1979—2014年ERA-Interim逐日再分析温度资料,依据温度递减率插值法计算出青藏高原及同纬度其他地区热带对流层顶气压数据,比较了高原和同纬度其他地区热带对流层顶气压季节变化和长期变化趋势,讨论了热带对流层顶气压与高空温度的关系。结果表明:1)在季节变化上,除12月和1月外,青藏高原热带对流层顶气压全年低于同纬度其他地区;青藏高原热带对流层顶气压、对流层中上层以及平流层下部平均温度均表现出比同纬度其他地区更明显的单峰型特征。2)热带对流层顶气压与高空温度变化关系密切,对流层中上层(平流层下部)平均温度升高(降低),有利于热带对流层顶气压降低;相对于同纬度其他地区,青藏高原对流层顶气压与对流层中上层平均温度的关系更密切。3)1979—2014年青藏高原和同纬度其他地区各季节的热带对流层顶气压均呈现出不同程度的下降趋势,冬春季下降趋势更加显著;青藏高原各季节对流层中上层增温和平流层下部降温的幅度均超过同纬度其他地区,导致其热带对流层顶气压的下降趋势比同纬度其他地区更加明显。 相似文献
9.
对1977～1992年1,4,7,10月沈阳第一和第二对流层顶月平均高度和温度数据进行分析。结果表明:沈阳是以第一对流层顶为主的地区,第二对流层顶只有夏季发生频率较高;第一对流层顶的高度、温度以及出现频率都表现出明显的季节变化特征,其中高度在1月最低,7月最高;温度在3月最低,8月最高。第二对流层顶高度的季节变化表现为冬春季高、夏秋季低。温度表现为冬季高,夏季低。第一对流层顶在各个月份温度都随高度增高而降低,降幅1月最小,7月最大,4月和10月居中。第二对流层顶温度随高度变化只在7月显著递减;第一对流层顶高度在10月显著降低,降幅为453m/10a,其他月份变化趋势不明显。第一对流层顶在7月显著降温,降幅为1·8℃/10a,10月增温显著,升幅为2·0℃/10a。第二对流层顶高度在不同月份都表现出弱升高趋势,但不显著。1月和10月的降温和升温显著,降幅和升幅分别为1·7℃/10a和1·2℃/10a。 相似文献
10.
根据青海省7个探空站1970—2001年的探测资料,主要对高空对流层中上部、平流层底部的高度和温度进行异常、突变等研究。30多年来,对流层高度、温度的正异常站次多于负异常站次,1970—1986年负异常比例较大,1987—2001年正异常比例较大;20世纪80年代中后期温度、高度均发生由低向高的突变;对流层年平均高度和温度的年代际变化趋势不尽相同,但总体上对流层增暖,高度抬升;秋冬季500hPa高空温度分型情况一致,区域特征比较明显。平流层温度负异常站次多于正异常站次,高度负异常站次少于正异常站次,高度变化呈上升趋势,温度呈降温趋势。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献