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1.
热带环流指数与夏季长江中下游旱涝的年限变化 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
比较利用海－陆气压差和南亚季风环流定义的夏季指数对夏季长中下游旱涝年际变化的表征能力,根据影响东亚季风的主要热带环流定义了一个环流指数,该指数与长江中下游旱涝的年际变化存在很好的对应关系。 相似文献
2.
夏季东亚大气遥相关型变化特征及其与长江中下游旱涝的关系 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
用 ５００ ｈ Ｐａ 高度场资料及中国 １６０ 个站的月平均降水资料,采用 Ｅ Ｏ Ｆ、合成分析和奇异谱分析等方法,分析了长江中下游旱涝年夏季降水与同期东亚大气环流的关系,结果表明长江中下游旱涝与 ５００ ｈ Ｐａ 高度场东亚太平洋遥相关型（ Ｅ Ａ Ｐ）关系密切, Ｅ Ａ Ｐ指数能较好地反映夏季 ５００ ｈ Ｐａ 高度场的配置及长江中下游降水。文中重点讨论了 Ｅ Ａ Ｐ指数的振荡周期及高低指数年西太平洋副高的变化特征。 Ｅ Ａ Ｐ指数 ３～６ 年、准两年及年代际变化反映了长江中下游旱涝的年际变化及年代际变化趋势。 Ｅ Ａ Ｐ高指数年（对应涝年）,西太平洋副热带高压为纬向型,随季节南北移动较缓慢,副高位置偏南偏西,并且强度偏强;而 Ｅ Ａ Ｐ低指数年（对应旱年）,西太平洋副高呈经向型,随季节由西南向东北移动较迅速,副高偏东偏北,并且强度偏弱。 相似文献
3.
东亚季风指数及其与大尺度热力环流年际变化关系 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：23
将东西向海平面气压差与低纬度高、低层纬向风切变相结合 ,定义了东亚季风指数 ,该季风指数较好地反映了东亚冬、夏季风变化。其中 ,夏季风指数年际异常对西太平洋副热带高压南北位置变化和长江中下游旱涝具有较强的反映能力。分析表明 :东亚夏季风年际变化与印度洋 -西太平洋上空反 Walker环流及夏季越赤道南北半球间的季风环流呈显著正相关关系。在强、弱异常东亚夏季风年份 ,异常的 Walker环流在西太平洋上的辐合 (辐散 )中心在垂直方向不重合 ,高层 ( 2 0 0 h Pa)速度势与东亚夏季风显著相关区域位于西北太平洋上 ,该异常环流的高层的辐合 (辐散 )通过改变低层空气质量而影响夏季 50 0 h Pa西北太平洋副热带高压。采用 SVD分析进一步发现 :与海温耦合的异常 Walker环流在西太平洋上空的上升支表现出南北半球关于赤道非对称结构 ,亚澳季风区受该异常 Walker环流控制。因而 ,东亚季风与热带海气相互作用可直接通过这种纬向非对称的 Walker环流发生联系。 相似文献
4.
夏季东亚大气遥相关型变化行征及其与长江中下游旱涝的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
用５００ｈＰａ高度场资料及中国１６０个站的月平均降水资料,采用ＥＯＦ,合成分析和奇异谱分析等方法,分析了长江中下游旱涝年夏季降水与同期东亚大气环流的关系,结果表明长江中下游旱涝与５００ｈＰａ高度场东亚－太平洋遥相关型（ＥＡＰ）关系密切,ＥＡＰ指数能较好地反映夏季５００ｈＡａ高度场的配置及长江中下游降水。文中重点讨论了ＥＡＰ指数的振荡周期及高低指数年西太平洋副高的变化特征。ＥＡＰ指数３￣６年,准两年 相似文献
5.
利用1951—2008年NCAR/NCEP再分析资料及中国气象局整编的160站降水资料,探讨了黄河流域夏季降水气候分布范围,在此基础上研究了黄河流域夏季降水旱涝的年代际变化特点。结果表明：20世纪90年代以前,黄河流域夏季旱涝变化为9—11 a和2—3 a周期,20世纪90年代后周期变化不明显。对导致黄河流域夏季旱涝的气候物理因素分析表明,东亚高度场负距平异常直接造成中国黄河流域的夏季偏旱,而亚洲高度距平场东高西低的配置造成中国黄河流域偏涝;夏季南亚季风、东亚季风在中国黄河流域的辐合是流域降水偏多的关键。在同期OLR距平场,涝年黄河流域处在大的负距平中,对流强盛有利于水汽的辐合。影响大气的主要下垫面要素海温场,赤道东太平洋海温指数与夏季中国黄河流域降水同期呈负相关关系。中国黄河流域旱年赤道东太平洋海温多为正位相,对应中国黄河流域涝年赤道东太平洋海温多为负位相。提出了一个寻找旱涝成因方法并为预测旱涝变化提供参考。 相似文献
6.
利用1951-2008年NCAR/NCEP再分析资料及中国气象局整编的160站降水资料,探讨了黄河流域夏季降水气候分布范围,在此基础上研究了黄河流域夏季降水旱涝的年代际变化特点。结果表明：20世纪90年代以前,黄河流域夏季旱涝变化为9-11 a和2-3 a周期,20世纪90年代后周期变化不明显。对导致黄河流域夏季旱涝的气候物理因素分析表明,东亚高度场负距平异常直接造成中国黄河流域的夏季偏旱,而亚洲高度距平场东高西低的配置造成黄河流域偏涝;夏季南亚季风、东亚季风在黄河流域的辐合是流域降水偏多的关键。在同期OLR距平场,涝年黄河流域处在大的负距平中,对流强盛有利于水汽的辐合。影响大气的主要下垫面要素海温场,赤道东太平洋海温指数与夏季黄河流域降水同期呈负相关关系。流域旱年赤道东太平洋海温多为正位相,对应流域涝年赤道东太平洋海温多为负位相。本研究提出了一个寻找旱涝成因方法并为预测旱涝提供了科学参考。 相似文献
7.
东亚副热带季风特征及其指数的建立 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
基于大气对流活动和非绝热加热的分析,给出东亚夏季风区域变化特征,客观地确定东亚副热带季风及热带季风对流强度,并由此建立其与大尺度季风环流的内在联系,提出分别用所对应区域经向风垂直切变来构造季风指数.对比分析显示,上述季风指数在反映夏季环流和降水等方面效果显著,能很好地刻划东亚夏季风强度.同时指出,东亚副热带季风指数与西太平洋副热带高压及长江中下游降水密切相关,在空间场上表现出东亚/太平洋型(EAP型)遥相关特征.高指数年副高偏南,长江中下游为涝;低指数年则相反. 相似文献
8.
我国旱涝气候灾害的年代际变化及其与东亚气候系统变化的关系 总被引：53，自引：20，他引：53
通过观测资料分析我国旱涝灾害的年代际变化特征,表明从1976年之后迄今我国华北地区发生持续干旱,严重影响了此地区的水资源和经济的可持续发展,并且长江、淮河流域夏季季风降水明显增加,洪涝灾害频繁发生.作者还从东亚气候系统的年代际变化系统地分析了发生在我国旱涝气候灾害年代际变化的机理.分析结果表明: 从20世纪70年代中后期迄今,热带中、东太平洋海温上升,并出现 "类似于厄尔尼诺(El Ni(n)o)型" 分布的年代际海温距平.这不仅引起了东亚和西太平洋上空EAP型遥相关环流异常分布的年代际变化,使得从1976年之后迄今东亚夏季风变弱、西太平洋副热带高压偏南、偏西,而且引起了热带Walker环流的变化; 并且,由于热带Walker环流的年代际变化,引起了从20世纪70年代中后期到现在北非上空下沉气流的加强,从而使得萨赫勒及以东地区上空反气旋环流异常增强,并由于遥相关波列的传播,从而导致我国华南上空反气旋环流距平的增强; 此外,中高纬度欧亚型遥相关环流异常分布也发生了年代际变化,使得1976年之后我国华北地区上空出现反气旋环流异常.这些使得到达华北的偏南季风气流减弱和长江、淮河流域水汽输送的辐合,从而导致了我国旱涝的年代际变化.分析结果还表明了从20世纪70年代后期迄今青藏高原冬、春积雪天数增多,深度加深,以及我国西北干旱、半干旱区地-气温差增大,这些有利于长江和淮河流域夏季降水增多,而不利于华北地区夏季降水. 相似文献
9.
用中国气象局整编的气温资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和OLR资料,分析了长江中下游地区夏季气温变化型与西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高)的年际变动的联系。研究表明,长江中下游地区夏季气温异常可分为全区一致、南北反相、东西反相三种分布型。在年际时间尺度上,此三型的形成与东亚-西太平洋地区环流异常三种不同的分布密切相关。根据异常环流的这三种不同的分布型,分别定义了相应的东亚-西太平洋环流异常指数IEAWPi。分析表明,IEAWPi分别与三型气温指数有很好的相关关系,IEAWPi可在一定程度上反映与长江中下游夏季气温变化型相联系的副高活动异常。IEAWPi对应的高、低值年的高度距平场在长江中下游地区上空均呈相当正压结构。在500 hPa高度上,三型高度场异常的维持均与源自热带洋面上空的波列有关,而第三型高度场异常还与沿西风急流传播的波列有关。IEAWPi可为诊断和预测长江流域气温异常提供线索。 相似文献
10.
北半球月平均环流与长江中下游降水的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用1951—1984年500hPa月平均高空和月总降水资料,着重分析了500hPa距平场对长江中下游夏季降水的影响及其相关关系。针对长江中下游夏季降水这一预报对象,计算了500hPa距平场的信息区,指出在大尺度距平场的演变过程中,不同时间和不同地点距平场的量值对长江中下游这一特定顶报区域降水的影响是不同的。並且指出长江中下游地区冬季降水主要是受欧业型环流的影响,而夏季降水则主要是由于东亚—西太平洋型环流所形成。另外通过对实际距乎场和信息近似距平场的分析表明,信息区的变化在一定程度上反映了实际距平场的大尺度变化特点。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献