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烟花爆竹燃放和气象条件对北京市空气质量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用北京城区和近郊区2006—2014年春节期间主要污染物（PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0、SO2、NOX）浓度和气象资料,分析了北京市烟花爆竹对空气质量的影响,并将2014年和近8 a（2006—2013年）平均值进行比较分析。结果表明：春节期间（除夕至十五）烟花爆竹的燃放对空气污染物浓度增加具有较大贡献,自2006年“禁改限”后,近9 a集中燃放期间,PM2.5浓度均出现陡增情况,其中除夕峰值浓度均出现在01：00,初五、正月十五峰值浓度集中在21：00—23：00。除夕夜2012年峰值浓度最高,达1485.6μg·m－3,正月十五2008年峰值浓度最高,达1298.0μg·m－3,初五峰值浓度偏低,2007年最高,为571.5μg·m－3。2014年春节期间的PM2.5、SO2和NOX 平均浓度分别为60.5μg·m－3、43.8μg·m－3和45.6 ppb,比近8 a平均值分别下降了20％、41％和58％,除夕夜峰值浓度403.4μg·m－3,比近8 a平均值（768.5μg·m－3）下降了48％。2014年除夕、初五在集中燃放烟花爆竹期间,受小股冷空气影响,有利于污染物的扩散,而元宵节前后,受不利气象条件影响,峰值浓度高于除夕,且颗粒物浓度下降缓慢,造成持续性的污染,表明气象条件直接影响污染物浓度变化。总体来看,2014年春节期间空气污染物浓度下降的主要原因与烟花爆竹燃放量减少、机动车数量减少、春节期间较强冷空气影响直接相关。 相似文献
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利用西安泾河站气象观测资料和西安空气质量指数、污染物质量浓度等,对2014—2016年春节期间西安市空气污染特征和气象条件的影响进行分析。结果表明:除夕夜间大量燃放烟花爆竹导致PM10和PM2.5质量浓度短时内骤增,但对SO2和NO2质量浓度影响不显著,春节期间空气污染主要是由细颗粒物(PM2.5)造成。气象条件对空气质量有明显影响。在静稳天气下风速小,湍流弱,贴地逆温持续存在,大气扩散能力差,春节期间烟花爆竹集中燃放,强污染源和大气扩散能力差是春节期间出现空气重污染的主要原因;而冷空气来临时,大气相对湿度降低,风速增大,湍流增强,大气扩散能力增强,加上降水的沉降作用,是空气质量改善的主要气象原因。 相似文献
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利用2009年-2011年春节期间大同市可吸入颗粒物PM10质量浓度和气象资料,分析了烟花爆竹燃放后对空气质量的影响。春节期间在大量烟花爆竹集中燃放时,当有降雪天气出现时,降雪对PM10质量浓度的上升具有明显的抑制作用;在没有降雪天气时,风速仍是影响PM10质量浓度的主要因素。除夕的11时-13时、23时-Ol时,元宵节的18时-21时这三个时段为PM10质量浓度最大的时段,其间PM10质量浓度很高。当天气稳定风速较小时PM0质量浓度会明显升高。在集中燃放烟花爆竹后,当风速较大存在有利扩散的气象条件时,PM10质量浓度升高后很快降低,没有太多的污染,而当天气稳定风速较小时,PM0质量浓度升高较明显,对空气污染严重。 相似文献
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利用天津城区2009-2014年春节期间大气气溶胶观测资料和相关气象资料,重点分析2013和2014年春节期间气溶胶污染特征,探求燃放烟花爆竹以及气象条件对春节期间大气气溶胶的影响。结果表明,受燃放烟花爆竹影响,春节期间PM_(2.5)质量浓度最高值均发生在除夕夜间;持续雾霾天气条件下燃放烟花爆竹,造成2013年除夕夜间PM_(2.5)质量浓度峰值达到1240μg·m～(-3),是近年来最严重的一次;2014年春节期间烟花爆竹燃放量有所减少,加之空气扩散条件较为有利,PM_(2.5)质量浓度显著低于2013年;不同天气条件下,气溶胶数浓度谱分布特征存在明显差异,燃放烟花爆竹期间气溶胶数浓度水平与严重雾-霾天气相当。 相似文献
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随着雾霾天气的频发,大气污染越发引起人们的关注,本文以哈尔滨为例,研究爆竹燃放对空气质量的影响。结果表明,爆竹燃放可严重影响空气质量,致空气达到严重污染级别,影响身体健康。燃放时段空气污染指数最高为非排放期的1.74倍,空气质量指数最高为非排放期的3倍,排放的污染物以颗粒物为主,尤其是PM2.5。 相似文献
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利用2014年和2015年春节期间南京市城区与郊区主要污染物(PM10、PM2.5、SO2和NO2)浓度监测资料和气象观测资料,分析了禁燃烟花爆竹对南京市空气质量的影响。结果表明:2015年春节期间禁燃烟花爆竹对南京市空气质量改善显著。2015年春节期间,南京市AQI同比2014年春节期间下降了20%—30%,除夕至正月初三期间空气质量为优良;同时,SO2和NO2质量浓度变化幅度较小且均达到空气质量二级标准;PM10和PM2.5质量浓度变化趋势与2014年春节期间相反,且变化幅度比SO2和NO2质量浓度大,变化幅度分别为13.0—234.5μg·m-3和17.5—320.4μg·m-3。PM10和PM2.5是造成南京市春节期间空气质量污染的主要污染物,其中PM2.5所占比重较大,但2015年春节期间PM10和PM2.5最高小时浓度分别占2014年春节期间的51.0%、40.0%。此外,2015年春节期间南京市城区与郊区PM2.5浓度比2014年春节期间均降低且差异较小。春节期间气象因素对南京市污染物扩散具有较大影响,但禁燃烟花爆竹对PM2.5浓度的降低起决定性作用。 相似文献
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利用郑州市环境监测站自动站点和自选监测站点的大气污染物监测数据,结合气象因子,对郑州市2012-2014年春节期间燃放烟花爆竹对大气气溶胶几种污染物的影响变化进行了分析。结果表明:2012-2013年春节的SO2、NO2、CO、PM2.5和PM10污染高峰出现在初一01-02时和初六00时之后;O3污染高峰则出现在初四和初五。经对2013年2月9日12时(除夕)到2月11日23时(初二)60 h观察,PM10和PM2.5污染高峰出现在初一01时和10时,NO2和SO2的高峰出现在初一01时,CO则出现在次日01时,O3的浓度变化规律则与上述污染物浓度变化呈反向增减的关系。郑州市城区春节期间各种污染物浓度的水平分布总体呈现西、北部污染浓度高,东、南部较低的趋势。各项气象因素对PM2.5和PM10浓度有着直接的影响。无特殊情况下,气温、风速与两种污染物浓度呈反向增减的关系,湿度和气压与两种污染物浓度呈同向增减的关系。 相似文献
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为了研究烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量的影响,利用动态滤膜校准系统-微量震荡天平法颗粒物分析仪、大气细颗粒化学组分在线离子色谱监测仪、有机碳（OC）/元素碳（EC）在线分析仪、气态污染物分析仪、常规自动气象站并结合云高仪和微波辐射计等设备于2015年2月18日至3月7日对天津市细颗粒物（PM2.5）及其主要化学组分,气态污染物（SO2、NO2、CO和O3）和气象参数进行连续观测。本文选取3个污染事件作为研究重点进行分析,研究发现:烟花爆竹禁放和限放政策导致除夕夜烟花爆竹燃放量减少,PM2.5峰值与2014年相比明显下降;烟花爆竹禁放和限放区的设立导致天津市PM2.5质量浓度在烟花爆竹密集燃放期间存在明显的空间差异;站点之间小时平均值差异最高达到394 μg/m3。受烟花爆竹燃放的影响,距地面80 m以下颗粒物后向散射强度相近,表明80 m以下颗粒物呈均匀分布。污染事件1是由于烟花爆竹密集燃放引起的,PM2.5主要化学组分为K+、SO42-和Cl-,同时SO2和CO质量浓度显著升高;但EC和OC质量浓度并未明显增加。污染事件2的形成是由于不利的气象条件（逆温、逆湿、下沉气流和较高的相对湿度）促进了SO2和NOx在烟花爆竹排放的颗粒物表面发生非均相化学反应,导致SO42-和NO3-浓度快速增加。污染事件3由元宵节烟花爆竹燃放引发,而后呈现二次无机组分与臭氧协同增长的复合型污染特征;此外区域传输对污染事件3也有重要贡献。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献