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1.
一次宏下击暴流的雷达回波特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规探测资料、区域自动气象站资料和烟台新一代天气雷达资料,对2007年7月28日发生在烟台招远、龙口的一次下击暴流引起的灾害性大风天气进行分析。结果得出：此次下击暴流是在副热带高压边缘“上干下湿”不稳定层结中,由于高空冷空气侵入,不稳定能量得到释放,从而发展起来的多单体团风暴和弓型回波复合体所产生的,其主要特征是强反射率因子核从中高层开始发展,迅速下降到达地面,形成辐散大风,风暴前沿有阵风锋出现。 相似文献
2.
2017年7月28日四川省东北部出现了一次罕见的湿下击暴流大风天气过程。本文利用地面自动站、雷达、卫星等观测资料以及FNL数据、视频资料,对下击暴流风暴的成因和结构特征进行研究分析。研究表明:此过程发生前,对流层中低层的环境温度及其直减率均达到同期历史极端值,有利于雷暴大风类型中尺度对流风暴的形成;此次下击暴流,主要由阵风锋与地面中尺度辐合线相交后触发,阵风锋水平涡度不断输入对流系统内,产生正的相对风暴螺旋度,利于对流风暴持续发展到较高高度,为下击暴流的产生提供条件;下击暴流发生前的对流风暴,在视频截图和反射率因子剖面图上均表现为悬垂倾斜结构,倾斜方向与对流层中层平均风向较一致;对流风暴中层的气旋性涡旋结构特征可作为下击暴流的预警指标之一。 相似文献
3.
利用高、低空常规气象观测资料、卫星云图和多普勒雷达资料,分析了2006年6月12日发生在太原机场的一次强对流风暴过程,结果表明：高空气旋性冷槽的迅速东移和地面冷锋过境是本次强对流风暴发生的天气尺度系统背景,机场发生的地面大风是由下击暴流引起的,近地面强辐散引起阵风锋发生在弓形回波中低辐合层对应的下方;雷暴单体回波剖面随时间的演变发现确有反射率因子核心重心下降并接地的现象,并据此证实有两次下击暴流过程.第一次出现在16时前后距本场西北90 km处,第二次出现在18时04分,第二轮下击暴流直接造成本场的地面大风.下击暴流发生的过程始终伴随着中低层长时间的辐合和反射率因子核心的重心下降接地过程. 相似文献
4.
基于多普勒雷达、闪电定位、地面观测资料和现场勘察情况,对2016年5月2日皖西南发生的一次连续下击暴流天气的成因进行分析。结果表明:引起2次微下击暴流的风暴为同一风暴单体,且为超级单体,旺盛阶段的雷达回波表现为钩状分布和倾斜结构;下击暴流产生的初始原因是液态或固态降水粒子下降的拖曳作用,中后期则主要源于热力不稳定、对流层中层的动量下传和补偿性气流作用,伴随的水成物与环境之间的负浮力增大是下击暴流发生的重要原因;对流层中层盛行风向造成的动量下传决定了2次微下击暴流的地面风走向;超级单体风暴具有反射率因子核最高和下降速度最快的特点,反射率因子核高度超过6 km,1个体扫间隔下降3 km左右或以上;当6 min降水达4 mm以上时,是发生下击暴流的征兆之一。 相似文献
5.
2019年3月21日广西桂林市临桂区发生一次极端大风天气过程(以下简称"3·21"临桂大风),当日21:13临桂观测站记录最大阵风风速为60.3 m·s-1(17级)。通过风灾现场调查判断这是强度为EF2级的微下击暴流过程。应用常规观测资料以及加密自动气象站、探空、多普勒雷达等资料,分析了"3·21"临桂大风的环流背景与影响系统及其形成原因。结果表明:低层暖湿气流活跃,中层显著干层,强的低层垂直风切变是大风发生的有利条件,地面中尺度辐合线、冷锋南压为其提供了触发机制。"3·21"临桂大风由2个超级单体风暴合并加强造成,在下击暴流发生前,风暴单体最强反射率因子核心高度(HGT)超过6 km,有中等强度中气旋伴随,中层径向辐合明显,辐合值达36 m·s-1;当反射率因子减弱、风暴顶高下降、HGT下降时,下击暴流发生;当HGT剧降,一个体扫间隔下降3.5 km,17级极端大风发生,低层0.5°仰角在强中气旋的出流区观测到强的径向辐散,其值达27 m·s-1;中气旋表现出最强切变加强,底高迅速下降到1 km以下等特征。本次下击暴流发生与极端强降水和冰雹的拖曳作用有密切关系,冰雹与雨水粒子的拖曳和融化蒸发作用使下击暴流加强。当分钟降水量大于3 mm时,风速超过12级;当分钟降水量大于6 mm时,则出现17级极大风速。 相似文献
6.
下击暴流指对流单体强下沉气流引发的地面或地面附近的爆发性辐散出流,单个下击暴流会导致千米尺度地面强阵风,而下击暴流簇可导致较大范围间断性地面灾害性强阵风,其形成机制亦不限于强下沉气流辐散。文章回顾了下击暴流的界定,然后分为孤立风暴产生的下击暴流和中尺度对流系统内嵌的下击暴流两种情况进行讨论,内容包括对流大风和下击暴流产生的物理机理、风暴结构特征以及基于多普勒天气雷达的预警技术。在上述回顾基础上,对下击暴流形成机理及监测预警难点进行了讨论,提出了与下击暴流相关的亟需研究的问题。 相似文献
7.
《气象科学进展》2016,(5)
利用常规气象资料、跑道自动观测资料(AWOS)、自动观测站资料和多普勒天气雷达资料等,对武汉天河机场的一次下击暴流天气过程进行了分析。结果表明:1)本次下击暴流发生在副热带高压减弱,西风槽向东移动,地面辐合线相配合的天气背景下;2)下击暴流影响机场期间,具有气压陡升、温度骤降、风向变化和风速突增等气象要素的演变特征;3)阵风锋与雷暴之间距离的变化一定程度上可以预示未来雷暴的强弱;4)本次下击暴流与阵风锋有紧密的联系,阵风锋北移过程中激发出β中尺度对流单体,β中尺度对流单体产生了下击暴流,并且雷达速度图上沿雷达径向的正负大值速度对是下击暴流发生的典型特征之一。 相似文献
8.
利用山东威海CINRDA/SA多普勒雷达探测资料,结合常规天气图资料、地面自动气象观测站资料等,对2018年9月8日发生在威海文登机场附近的一次下击暴流天气特征进行分析。结果表明：1)此次下击暴流天气发生在高低空一致的西北气流背景下,午后太阳辐射使得低空大气加热显著,形成了强烈的不稳定层结。2)大气层结特征呈喇叭状温湿分布,850 hPa以下接近干绝热的温度直减率,为下击暴流的发生提供了有利环境条件。3)地面辐合线为风暴单体的产生提供了动力抬升条件。4)从多普勒雷达产品上看,风暴初始回波发生在午后海风锋触发的晴空窄带回波上,通过单体间的合并加强,发展成为多单体风暴;下击暴流出现前,对流风暴回波强度及高度明显发展,成熟阶段的对流风暴伴有回波悬垂结构和三体散射特征,伴随着强反射率因子核心的持续下降,下击暴流迅速到达地面,径向速度图上存在明显的中层辐合、旋转、低层辐散的现象;5 km以上60 dBZ强反射率因子核心的下降,结合径向速度中层辐合、低层辐散特征可提前3～9 min预警下击暴流的发生。 相似文献
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对2017年8月1日在广州白云机场产生的42.1 m/s强阵风成因进行分析,发现此次强阵风是微下击暴流的下沉气流到达地面造成的。利用广州白云机场的地面自动观测资料和C波段多普勒天气雷达资料分析微下击暴流经过机场时地面各气象要素的演变特征以及产生强风切变的对流单体的移动和强度演变情况。分析表明:微下击暴流到达地面后造成了强烈的风速和风向的低空风切变,气压骤升,温度迅速降低,利用高时空分辨率的地面自动观测数据可以发布低空风切变的告警;在微下击暴流产生强地面风前,对流风暴单体的雷达回波反射率强度突然降低、回波顶高减弱,径向速度图上出现了中气旋以及在近地层有强烈的反气旋辐散,可利用多普勒天气雷达发布低空风切变的预警。 相似文献
10.
2019年3月21日21:13 (北京时),广西桂林市临桂区国家气象观测站录到60.3 m·s-1极端大风,打破了广西气象站建站以来的历史极值。综合利用多种观测资料对临桂极端大风的发展演变和成因进行详细分析,结果表明:(1)地面锋前暖区对流在移近临桂站时地面冷空气的适时入侵促进其发展成超级单体风暴,其产生的下击暴流击中临桂测站造成极端大风。(2)雷达回波表明该超级单体具有明显的钩状回波、中层径向辐合、近地面强辐散及反射率因子核心下降等雷达特征;风暴垂直方向流场结构表现为上面是反气旋性旋转或辐合、中间为径向速度辐合、底下为气旋性旋转。(3)中层径向辐合加强导致中气旋旋转性加大、直径减小、厚度增加,近地面层的强中气旋对下击暴流有加强作用。(4)环境条件分析表明临桂上空具有极好的产生雷暴大风的环境条件和发展成超级单体风暴的潜势。(5)极端雨强与极端大风相伴出现,表明降水拖曳作用是极端大风产生原因之一;在地形作用下冷空气大风对极端大风形成有叠加效应。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献