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Study on Physical Mechanism of Influence on Atmospheric Boundary Layer Depth in the Arid Regions of Northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Using the sounding data of wind, temperature, and humidity in the boundary layer and micrometeorological data on the earth's surface observed in the same period in Dunhuang arid region of Northwest China,this paper researches characteristics of potential temperature, wind, and humidity profiles, confirms the structure and depth of thermodynamic boundary layer in Dunhuang region, and analyzses the relationship of depth of thermodynamic boundary layer with surface radiation, buoyancy flux as well as wind speed and
wind direction shear in the boundary layer. The results show that the maximum depth of diurnal convective boundary layer is basically above 2000 m during the observational period, many times even in excess of 3000 m and sometimes up to 4000 m; the depth of nocturnal stable boundary layer basically maintains within a range of 1000-1500 m. As a whole, the depth of atmospheric boundary layer is obviously bigger than those results observed in other regions before. By analyzing, a preliminary judgement is that the depth
of atmospheric thermodynamic boundary layer in Dunhuang region may relate to local especial radiation characteristics, surface properties (soil moisture content and heat capacity) as well as wind velocity shear of boundary layer, and these properties have formed strong buoyancy flux and dynamic forcing in a local region which are fundamental causes for producing a super deep atmospheric boundary layer. 相似文献
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L. Mahrt Christoph K. Thomas Andrey A. Grachev P. Ola G. Persson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2018,169(3):373-393
Flow in the stable boundary layer is examined at four contrasting sites with greater upwind surface roughness. The surface heterogeneity is disorganized and in some cases weak as commonly occurs. With low wind speeds, the vertical divergence (or convergence) of the momentum and heat fluxes can be large near the surface in what is normally assumed to be the surface layer where such divergence is neglected. For the two most heterogeneous sites, a shallow “new” boundary layer is captured by the tower observations, analogous to an internal boundary layer but more complex. Above the new boundary layer, the magnitudes of the downward fluxes of heat and momentum increase with height in a transition layer, reach a maximum, and then decrease with height in an overlying regional boundary layer. Similar structure is observed at the site with rolling terrain where the shallow new boundary layer at the surface is identified as cold-air drainage generated by the local slope above which the flow undergoes transition to an overlying regional flow. Significant flux divergence near the surface is generated even over an ice floe for low wind speeds and in a shallow Ekman layer that forms during the polar night. For higher wind speeds, the magnitude of the downward fluxes decreases gradually with height at all levels as in a traditional boundary layer. 相似文献
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通过研究暴雨过程中湿度场的垂直分布，发现暴雨发生前在对流层中层（600～400 hPa）存在着一个干层。并据此深入研究了干层的时间演变、成因及引起强天气的机制等。结果表明:垂直方向上湿度的变化非常迅速；干层在暴雨发生前形成，在暴雨发生后逐渐减弱消失；暴雨过程中的干层与其它强天气（雷雨大风、冰雹）过程中的干层有明显不同；干层的上方是深厚的对流稳定层，干层的下方是深厚的对流不稳定层。 相似文献
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本文设计了中国科学院大气物理研究所位于同一观测站内的一部单发双收Ka波段双偏振雷达和一部双发双收X波段双偏振雷达高效结合观测的方法,并首次将Ka和X波段双偏振雷达结合应用在降雪过程的观测中,对2019年2月14日锋面气旋系统在北京地区降雪过程中雪带的形成、发展、消亡过程的宏微观结构进行了分析。结果表明,雪带的垂直结构符合以往对层状云垂直分层的物理认识,类似但不同于雨带由凝结增长层、丛集层、淞附层、融化层组成的四层结构,雪带只包含由上层“播种”至下层的冰晶形成的凝结增长层、丛集层和淞附层三层。由于各层水平风速不同,雪带的三层结构并非垂直排列。多个雪带不断生成发展维持降雪,直至冰晶凝结生长层变空,云从冰晶凝结生长层分裂为多层云后各自消散。证明了Ka和X波段双偏振雷达结合的必要性和高效性,丰富了对锋面气旋系统雪带的认识,补充了Ka波段和X波段雷达对降雪的观测研究。 相似文献
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Although the residual layer has already been noted in the classical diurnal cycle of the atmospheric boundary layer,its effect on the development of the convective boundary layer has not been well studied. In this study, based on 3-hourly20 th century reanalysis data, the residual layer is considered as a common layer capping the convective boundary layer. It is identified daily by investigating the development of the convective boundary layer. The region of interest is bounded by(30°–60° N, 80°–120° E), where a residual layer deeper than 2000 m has been reported using radiosondes. The lapse rate and wind shear within the residual layer are compared with the surface sensible heat flux by investigating their climatological means, interannual variations and daily variations. The lapse rate of the residual layer and the convective boundary layer depth correspond well in their seasonal variations and climatological mean patterns. On the interannual scale, the correlation coefficient between their regional averaged(40°–50°N, 90°–110° E) variations is higher than that between the surface sensible heat flux and convective boundary layer depth. On the daily scale, the correlation between the lapse rate and the convective boundary layer depth in most months is still statistically significant during 1970–2012. Therefore, we suggest that the existence of a deep neutral residual layer is crucial to the formation of a deep convective boundary layer near the Mongolian regions. 相似文献
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利用中国东部1990~2000年旬平均土壤湿度、降水和气温观测资料，通过对0~50 cm层次土壤湿度进行旋转主分量分析 (REOF)，重点分析了淮河流域土壤湿度的时空分布特征, 并初步研究了土壤湿度与前期、同期和后期不同时段降水与气温的关系。发现春季以30 cm为界，30 cm以上各层土壤湿度异常的第一旋转空间模态十分相似, 其大值中心主要位于淮河流域，而30 cm以下 (30~50 cm) 各层的第二旋转空间模态与之亦十分类似, 因此称该模态为“淮河型”，而夏季和秋季虽然该模态也很显著, 但特征不如春季突出。该模态在各层次土壤中具有明显的持续性特征，均存在40旬左右的显著周期；并与前期和同期降水（气温）呈显著正 (负) 相关关系，与约半年后的降水 (气温) 呈负 (正) 相关关系。 相似文献
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大涡模式分辨率对海洋信风区大气边界层结构和演变模拟的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
利用BOMEX（巴巴多斯海洋与气象学试验）的探空资料和LEM（大涡模式）,通过改变LEM水平分辨率的敏感性数值试验,对比分析不同尺度的湍涡对信风积云边界层中混合层和云层的结构、演变以及对流形式和强度的影响。结果表明,水平分辨率较高时模拟的湍涡尺度较小、混合层顶的夹卷作用较强,模拟的混合层较暖、较干,而且模拟的对流泡尺度较小、强度较大,能够模拟出较精细的边界层结构;而水平分辨率较低时则相反。模拟的湍涡尺度对海洋信风区边界层积云中液态水混合比的模拟结果影响较大:LEM模拟的湍涡尺度较小时模拟的信风积云形成的时间较早、云顶高度较高,单个云块的体积较小但数目较多,液态水含量较高;而模拟的湍涡尺度较大时则相反。虽然水平分辨率为50 m和125 m的试验都能模拟出较精细的信风边界层中混合层、云层的结构和演变特征,但是,考虑到提高分辨率在模拟过程中产生的噪音信号对结果的影响以及计算时间等问题,LEM采用125 m的水平网格距是对海洋信风边界层积云对流模拟较为理想的选择。 相似文献
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S. YONEMURA M. YOKOZAWA S. KAWASHIMA H. TSURUTA 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(3):919-933
CO and H2 uptake by soil was studied as a diffusion process. A diffusion model was used to determine how the surface fluxes (net deposition velocities) were controlled by in‐situ microbial uptake rates and soil gas diffusivity calculated from the 3‐phase system (solid, liquid, gas) in the soil. Analytical solutions of the diffusion model assuming vertical uniformity of soil properties showed that physical properties such as air‐filled porosity and soil gas diffusivity were more important in the uptake process than in the emission process. To incorporate the distribution of in‐situ microbial uptake, we used a 2‐layer model incorporating "a microbiologically inactive layer and an active layer" as suggested from experimental results. By numerical simulation using the 2‐layer model, we estimated the effect of several factors on deposition velocities. The variations in soil gas diffusivity due to physical properties, i.e., soil moisture and air‐filled porosity, as well as to the depth of the inactive layer and in‐situ microbial uptake, were found to be important in controlling deposition velocities. This result shows that the diffusion process in soil is critically important for CO and H2 uptake by soil, at least in soils with higher in‐situ uptake rates and/or with large variation in soil moisture. Similar uptake rates and the difference in deposition velocity between CO and H2 may be attributable to differences in CO and H2 molecular diffusivity. The inactive layer is resistant to diffusion and creates uptake limits in CO and H2 by soil. The coupling of high temperature and a thick inactive layer, common in arid soils, markedly lowers net CO deposition velocity. The temperature for maximum uptake of CO changes with depth of the inactive layer. 相似文献
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The interaction of turbulent and radiative transfer applied to a number of plausible atmospheric situations in the surface layer under the stably stratified condition is discussed.The calculated results show that the long-wave radiative flux has a great influence upon the thermal structure of the surface layer, and that it usually acts in such a way as to weaken the thickness of the constant turbulent heat flux layer. In the case of low wind velocities and strongly stable stratifications, the thickness of the turbulent heat flux layer will become very thin and/or inexistent. 相似文献
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G. Javier Fochesatto Phillippe Drobinski Cyrille Flamant Daniel Guedalia Claire Sarrat Pierre H. Flamant Jacques Pelon 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,99(3):451-464
The diurnal cycle of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) hasbeen documented on 8 August 1998 in the framework of the Étude et Simulation de la QUalité de l'air en Ile-de-France (ESQUIF) experiment that took place in the Paris area. The ABL structure was documented by means of a ground-based lidar, surface meteorological stations and soundings. The interaction between the residual layer and the convective boundary layer is investigated using the collected data as well as mesoscale modelling. As opposed to the generally accepted concept, we find evidence of entrainment at the top ofthe residual layer. High temporal simulations of the 8 August 1998 casemade with the mesoscale atmospheric model Meso-NH also show evidenceof mixing at the top of the residual layer (RL). This mixing is believed to be related to the presence of convective (gravity) waves in the RL. 相似文献
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半干旱区植被覆盖度对边界层气候热力影响的数值模拟 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
在陆－气相互作用的中小尺度系统研究中，水平非均匀下垫面的强迫作用是主要的物理过程。本文利用能量闭合二维陆面过程与大气边界层耦合模式，研究了我国西北半干旱地区（３８°Ｎ，１０５°Ｅ）夏季下垫面物理特征的变化对区域边界层气候的影响。结果表明：土壤湿度、植被覆盖度对局地环流和区域边界层气候的形成起着决定性的作用。模拟结果揭示了在半干旱地区大面积植树造林、提高植被覆盖度，可涵养土壤水分，改善局地生态环境，是人工持续改造干旱、半干旱荒漠地区局地气候的重要途径。 相似文献
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Instability and transition to turbulence is studied in a shear layer between two streams of different salinities and velocities. The viscous layer between the two streams is 15–18 times thicker than the diffusion layer. When the initial layer Richardson number is low, the instability organizes the shear-layer vorticity into discrete lumps as in the homogeneous case. Here the similarity ends. The homogeneous shear layer continues to grow by the combination of neighboring vertical lumps (vortex pairing). In the stratified shear layer, the pairing process is stopped completely, and the vorticity is redistributed along the interface. This redistribution generates interfacial waves. The interfacial waves and the residual turbulence eventually decay, and the shear flow approaches a laminar state. 相似文献
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本文主要利用第一次“中美热带西太平洋海气相互作用联合调查”所获得的海洋水文、气象及大气探测资料,分析了热带西太平洋暖水区边界层大气层结特征,指出热带西太平洋边界层大气具有多层结构和多层送温现象,边界层内各层厚度及气温、位温、混合比随高度的变化趋势如下:超绝热层位于地面以上50m左右,气温、位温、混合比迅速减小,系绝热不稳定层;第一层为混合层,平均厚度为351m,位温、混合比变化不明显;混合层上又是逆温层大多为30—100m厚,位温迅速增大,混合比迅速减小,系绝对稳定层;700—1000m为浅对流云活跃层, 相似文献
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The vertical transport of mass at the top of the boundary layer is considered as a link between theboundary layer and free atmosphere.The adjustment of the wind and pressure fields in the boundary layeris studied under the consideration of the interaction between the boundary layer and free atmosphere.Thevertical motion at the top of the boundary layer is evaluated.The results show that the distinguished differ-ences of the present results from classical Ekman layer do exist and they are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
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Mixing in a two-layer stably stratified fluid by a turbulent jet was studied by a laboratory experiment. A non-swirling jet was discharged vertically downwards in a confined fluid system consisting initially of a top layer of fresh water and a bottom layer of salt water. In total, 16 experimental cases were considered, where the diameter and exit velocity of the jet were varied together with the density difference between the top and bottom layer. Vertical density profiles were determined from conductivity measurements. A three-layer density structure developed in all cases with an intermediate layer that grew in size with time elapsed as fresh and salt water were mixed. The mixing efficiency, defined as the percentage of the supplied kinetic jet energy that is used for increasing the potential energy of the fluid system, was related to a densimetric Froude number based on the intermediate layer depth. Overall, the calculated jet mixing efficiency displayed higher values than comparable efficiencies for destratification with air-bubble plumes. 相似文献
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In this study the role of atmospheric boundary layer schemes in climate models is investigated. Including a boundary layer scheme in an Earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC) produces only minor differences in the estimated global distribution of sensible and latent heat fluxes over land (upto about 15% of the net radiation at the surface). However, neglecting of boundary layer processes, such as the development of a well-mixed layer over land or the impact of stability on the exchange coefficient in the surface layer, leads to erroneous surface temperatures, especially in convective conditions with low wind speeds. As these conditions occur frequently, introducing a boundary layer scheme in an EMIC gives reductions in June-July-August averaged surface temperature of 1–2 °C in wet areas, to 5–7 °C in desert areas. Even a relatively simple boundary layer scheme provides reasonable estimates of the surface fluxes and surface temperatures. Detailed schemes that solve explicitly the turbulent fluxes within the boundary layer are only required when vertical profiles of potential temperature are needed. 相似文献