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1.
K过程是闪电放电过程中的一种放电事件。该文使用两套VHF宽带干涉仪2010年夏季在广州从化地区获取的3次云闪三维闪电辐射源定位数据,分析其中的K过程时空发展特征与地面电场特征。结果表明:宽带干涉仪观测到的K过程主要由快速发展的负极性放电事件组成,按定位结果的分布可划分为3个阶段:负极性反冲先导发生在云闪起始区域下方,沿正先导一端已有路径向闪电起始区域传播;部分反冲先导能进入之前负先导建立的通道并快速发展;反冲先导将原有通道激活后进一步促进负先导继续发展。同时使用辐射源三维定位数据计算了8次反冲先导的平均发展速度,反冲先导的发展速度为106~107 m·s-1量级,与负地闪中的负极性直窜先导相似,但均小于回击速度。 相似文献
2.
一次多回击负地闪放电过程的甚高频辐射和传输特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用短基线时间差甚高频(VHF)辐射源定位系统对一次多回击负地闪放电过程进行详细研究发现, 负地闪的预击穿、梯级先导、直窜先导及回击后云内放电过程伴随有较强烈的VHF辐射。结合同步观测的闪电快、慢电场变化资料, 分析VHF辐射源时空发展特征发现, 预击穿阶段辐射源在云中的放电通道为双向发展, 平均速度均在104 m s-1量级, 预击穿下行分支直接转化为梯级先导, 并产生多个分支通道同时向地面发展, 先导平均速度在105 m s-1量级。继后回击之前先导过程均产生多个分支通道, 直窜先导平均速度在105～106 m s-1量级, 新开辟的梯级先导速度在105 m s-1量级。闪击间及地闪后期云内放电活动较为复杂, 主要表现为辐射源从闪电起始区域发展, 进一步延伸云内闪电通道。地闪后期多次负极性K变化过程(Kitagawa and Kobayashi, 1958)主要表现为负极性流光沿之前的正极性电离通道快速发展, 平均速度在106 m s-1量级。 相似文献
3.
负地闪不规则脉冲簇事件的宽带干涉仪三维观测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用宽带干涉仪的三维观测数据,对发生在负地闪继后回击前的不规则脉冲簇事件CPT进行了研究.首先对CPT事件快电场时域波形特征进行了分析,然后,研究了CPT事件的辐射源时空发展特征,并对这些CPT事件、梯级先导和直窜先导在30～290 MHz频段辐射信号的功率谱密度进行了对比分析.结果表明,10次CPT事件的快电场脉冲间隔平均值和标准差分别为5.3～9.0μs和2.7～4.9 μs.CPT事件的击穿过程为负极性击穿,其发展特征与直窜先导或企图先导没有明显区别.10次CPT辐射源发展速度的统计结果表明,平均发展速度在3.23×106～1.93×107 m·s-1之间,平均值为1.02×107 m·s-1,与企图先导或直窜先导的速度统计结果相当.10次CPT事件在30～290 MHz频段的功率谱密度平均值分别比同次地闪中的梯级先导和直窜先导强1.8～11.6 dB和2.4～12 dB. 相似文献
4.
利用2008年夏季在山东滨州获得的无线电窄带干涉仪及同步快慢电场资料,对发生于2008年6月29日的一次具有2次回击的正地闪进行了波形特征分析及定位处理。结果表明,正地闪预击穿过程起始于云中部负电荷区域,有持续时间长达163ms的预击穿过程,并在预击穿后期产生很多双极性脉冲。通过与负地闪的比较,发现云下部正电荷区的浓度对云中触发闪电的极性有一定的影响。正先导的触发和传输过程需要长时间的云内放电过程来提供能量,正流光传输是非阶梯型,结合同步观测的快电场三维定位结果的结合,得到正地闪首次先导速度约为4.1×105 m.s-1,首次回击的速度约为9×107 m.s-1,直窜先导的速度约为4.7×106 m.s-1,继后回击的速度约为9.6×107 m.s-1。正地闪的回击速度偏小,可能是由于干涉仪通道是二维的,且有一定的误差,还讨论了正地闪继后回击产生的原因是由于下部正电荷区很强,不同于一般的正地闪且只有1次回击过程。在该个例中还观测到正先导传输过程中的VHF辐射,这可能是由于雷暴过程下部正电荷区域很强。 相似文献
5.
基于广州高建筑物雷电观测站的观测设备,于2016年6月4日在广州塔上发生的一次上行闪电过程中观测到双向发展的直窜先导正端在回击前、后突然延展的现象。利用高时间分辨率的光学和电场变化同步数据,分析双向先导正端突然延展现象的细节特征。结果表明:回击前直窜先导双向发展时正端可能会出现多次突然延展的现象;突然延展现象有时由双向先导的正端与已有的悬空先导序列相连而引发,并促使双向先导正端传输至未击穿空气中;在一次继后回击后,通道正端头部也观测到两次突然延展现象,但未沿回击前正端伸展通道传输,而是通过开辟新通道进入了未击穿空气;回击前直窜先导正端三次突然伸展的二维平均速率约为2.3×106 m·s-1,伸展长度平均值约为115 m;回击后通道头部两次突然延展的二维平均速率约为4.3×106 m·s-1,伸展长度平均值约为212 m。 相似文献
6.
利用闪电VHF辐射源三维定位和闪电光通道高速摄像同步资料,对一次双接地负地闪放电通道作定位和亮度特征进行对比分析,并仔细分析了其通道发展和连接,详细讨论了一次负地闪双接地的形成过程.结果表明,在预击穿阶段,通道击穿作用很强,但电流小,其载体主要是雪崩电荷;在回击激发阶段,通道电流迅速增大,其载体除了雪崩电荷外,还有大量来自云内电荷区的电荷.在整个过程中,主通道有较高亮度(云外),即主通道中有较强电流运动,而分叉通道电流较弱.研究表明近地面向上发展的辐射源可能是源于地面尖端产生的向上先导. 相似文献
7.
首次回击具有双接地点的地闪光学和电学特征的个例分析 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
利用成像率为1000幅／s的数字化高速摄像系统和时间分辨率为1μs的快、慢天线闪电电场变化测量仪在广州附近观测到一次首次回击具有两个接地点的负极性地闪。两个分支到达地面的时间间隔约为30μs;在发生回击R2时,其中一个分支的直窜先导发展成为企图先导。观测发现M一分量的发光要比梯级先导强;回击间的K一变化与云中的在击穿和通道的延伸有关,但不引起云地间通道的发光。光学和电场变化的同步观测证实了直窜一梯级先导的发展速度与前一次回击的时间间隔有关,较快的先导发展速度对应于较短的回击时间间隔,较慢的发展速度对应于较长的回击时间间隔。另外,本文在资料分析的基础上,提出了产生双接地点的四种可能原因。 相似文献
8.
用VLF/VHF信号大容量采集系统观测云地闪电放电过程 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
简述了一种高分辨、大容量闪电VLF/VHF信号记录系统,报道了一次包含12次对地回击、平均回击间隔70ms、持续时间超过800 ms的地闪放电过程的VLF/VHF辐射波形全景以及分析结果.这一个典型事例揭示了一些有趣的现象:(1)这次过程的头5 ms出现了强烈的VLF双极性大脉冲序列,标志着云内初始击穿过程启动;对应于一系列VLF辐射事件出现了强烈的VHF辐射爆发,总体上看,前380 ms期间VHF辐射异常强烈,呈现为间歇式准连续辐射,之后强烈VHF辐射则更多地表现为分立脉冲式爆发特征.(2)与回击主电流峰期间VHF辐射较弱不同,地闪最强的VHF辐射来自初始击穿过程和回击后云内放电通道扩展或者新通道形成过程;在初始击穿阶段和回击间歇期,出现了不止一次强烈的VHF辐射爆发并不伴随明显的VLF辐射.(3)回击间歇期间一类云中放电过程产生一系列半宽为3～4μs左右、出现频率约105Hz的VLF快脉冲串,整个脉冲串持续时间约1ms,频谱峰值区域在60～90 kHz,并伴随较强的VHF辐射,这些特征都与直窜先导特征一致.很可能这是一种云内K事件.(4)还给出了江淮地区地闪过程回击VLF/VHF辐射波形的统计特征,统计还显示当相继两次回击间隔小于40 ms时后面回击幅度倾向于比前面回击弱,当回击间隔时间大于100 ms时,后面回击比前面回击强的可能性大. 相似文献
9.
短基线时间差闪电辐射源探测系统和初步定位结果 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
介绍了一种新型的闪电探测设备———短基线时间差法辐射源定位系统,并选取2002年夏季野外观测实验中的辐射源定位结果,结合电场变化特征分别对两次地闪和云闪进行了分析。结果表明,该系统对地闪先导过程和云闪产生的辐射源能够较好地定位。定位结果的个例分析证实,观测地区的两次云闪放电过程都由起始于云下部负电荷区的负极性击穿引发,然后向上发展到上部正电荷区,通道的发展速度约为1.29×105m·s-1,地闪梯级先导的传播速度约为1.73×105m·s-1。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献