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1.
黄土高原干旱半干旱地区气溶胶光学厚度遥感分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站2006年8月-2008年10月太阳光度计(CE-318)观测资料和同期卫星MODIS(Terra和Aqua)产品资料,分析了该站气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)日变化、月变化和Angstrom波长指数(α指数)月变化特征,发现春季AOD日变幅最大,存在双峰现象,秋、冬季较小;9月AOD最小,4月和12月AOD较大;α指数在4月最小,7月最大.采用太阳光度计反演的550 nm AOD与Terra-MODIS和Aqua-MODIS AOD产品相比较,Terra-MODIS与太阳光度计AOD相关系数为0.69,大于Aqua-MODIS的0.62.并从地表反照率假设、气溶胶模型选择和云影响等方面分析了产生对比偏差的原因,进一步分析了黄土高原干旱半干旱地区AOD的分布和季节变化特征.结果表明:气溶胶光学厚度呈西低东高的分布特征;AOD高值中心与大城市有较好对应;黄土高原干旱半干旱地区AOD在春季最大,夏季有所减小,秋季最小,但冬季升高;Aqua-MODIS中深蓝算法对西北荒漠地区亮地表AOD的反演效果较好. 相似文献
2.
南京气溶胶光学特性地基观测研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用2013年南京地区CE318太阳光度计地基观测反演资料,分析了气溶胶光学特性的变化特征,并根据图解法对该地区气溶胶类型分布特征进行研究。结果表明:南京地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)月平均的最大值出现在1月(0.97±0.49),最小值出现在7月(0.53±0.37),全年均值为0.71±0.42。除了3月受沙尘事件影响外,ngstr9m波长指数(α)在全年其余月份值均高于0.8,最大值出现在8月和12月(1.24±0.17);AOD季节平均值在冬季(0.85±0.47)和春季(0.72±0.45)略高于夏季(0.63±0.40)和秋季(0.62±0.36)。α季节平均值特征表现为冬季(1.18±0.16)夏季(1.15±0.32)秋季(1.05±0.33)春季(0.86±0.21);AOD的日变化呈现早晚高,白天比较稳定的特征,冬季呈现出单峰变化特征,峰值出现在13∶00(1.05±0.64);工业型和城市型复合污染导致细粒子污染占比较高,全年AOD和α频率分布呈现明显的单峰分布特征,峰值中心分别位于0.53和1.2,对应最大频率分别为21%和16%;根据α和δα函数图解法得到南京地区AOD高值区(0.7)主要集中在细模态粒子增长部分(1.0α1.4,δα0,η~70%),粒径范围在0.10~0.15μm之间。 相似文献
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利用2010年9-11月鞍山大气成分监测站CE-318太阳光度计观测资料,依据气溶胶光学厚度测量原理,计算得到2010年鞍山秋季大气气溶胶光学厚度、波长指数等大气光学特性数据,通过统计分析,给出鞍山秋季气溶胶光学特性分布特征。结果表明：随着测量AOD波段的降低,AOD值逐渐增大,9月的AOD平均值最大,10月AOD平均值次之,11月AOD平均值最小。从频率分布看,2010年9月 AOD日均值集中分布在0.4-0.6之间,10月和11月AOD日均值集中分布在0.0-0.4之间,表明10-11月大气较为清洁|波长指数日均值的频率分布说明鞍山秋季大气污染物以细粒子为主。500 nm 的AOD值与波长指数成对数关系,两者在9、10月和11月的相关系数分别为0.5145、0.8412和0.2715;9月AOD与PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0质量浓度为较小负相关,10月和11月AOD与PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0质量浓度成正相关,且10、11月AOD与气溶胶细粒子相关性较为显著。AOD值与能见度在趋势上呈较小的负相关性,可能是由于高层气溶胶粒子对气溶胶光学厚度产生了主要影响。 相似文献
4.
陕西关中气溶胶对大气能见度的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究大气污染对能见度的影响,利用MODIS卫星气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)产品、陕西关中地区43个气象观测站能见度资料、西安泾河太阳光度计CE318气溶胶观测资料以及泾河站风速、相对湿度、能见度观测资料,分别分析了卫星MODIS/AOD和地基CE318/AOD与能见度、低能见度日数的关系以及在不同风速、相对湿度时AOD与能见度的关系。结果表明,陕西关中MODIS/AOD的空间分布与能见度分布具有明显对应关系,冬、春季AOD与08:00(北京时,下同)能见度相关最好,夏、秋季AOD与14:00能见度相关最好。去除降水因素后,空气中颗粒物污染是造成秋、冬季出现低能见度的主要原因。地基观测的气溶胶波长指数在0.8~1.2之间时对能见度的影响最大。空气中颗粒物造成的能见度下降与相对湿度密切相关,湿度越大,能见度下降越明显。风速小,大气中的颗粒物容易聚集,使能见度变差;风速大,有利于空气中颗粒物扩散,使能见度得到改善。用AOD估算能见度时,需要考虑大气相对湿度和风速的影响。 相似文献
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《高原气象》2020,(1)
利用2015年9-11月兰州市CE318太阳光度计地基观测数据,反演了这期间气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)、Angstrom波长指数(α)、大气浑浊度系数(β)等气溶胶光学特性参数,研究了兰州市秋季气溶胶光学特性的时间变化特征,并根据Angstrom阈值范围和图解分析法对兰州市气溶胶主要类型及其分布特征进行分析。结果表明:兰州市秋季AOD_(500 nm)均值为0. 47±0. 22。10月α440～870 nm最小,为0. 95±0. 26;9月α440～870 nm最大,为1. 21±0. 14。9月大气浑浊度系数最低,为0. 15±0. 05;11月最高,为0. 28±0. 12。AOD秋季日变化较小,AOD_(500 nm)变化范围在0. 27～0. 52之间。2015年9-10月AOD_(500 nm)集中在0. 2～0. 6之间,11月AOD_(500 nm)集中在0. 4～0. 8之间,说明兰州市2015年秋季AOD_(500 nm)分布较为集中,大气气溶胶含量逐月增加。9月波长指数集中在1. 0～1. 4之间,峰值中心在1. 2～1. 4区间;10月波长指数主要集中在0. 6～0. 8和1. 0～1. 2两个区间;11月波长指数集中在1. 0～1. 4区间。总体来看,兰州市秋季气溶胶以细粒子为主。AOD_(500 nm)与β显著相关,大气光学厚度与大气浑浊度系数均能表征大气污染程度。兰州市秋季气溶胶主要类型为细颗粒模态下的人为源和混合型气溶胶,分布特征表现为高AOD时受细颗粒气溶胶的吸湿增长影响,其中细颗粒吸湿增长是兰州市秋季气溶胶光学厚度偏高的主要原因。 相似文献
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利用中国太阳分光观测网的观测资料结合MODIS(中分辨率成像光谱仪)的气溶胶产品分析了北京、兰州、上海3个典型区域城市的气溶胶光学特性。结果表明:北京AOD(气溶胶光学厚度)年平均为0.41±0.35,春夏高,秋冬低,Angstrm波长指数α年平均为1.40±0.85表现为细模态粒子,MODIS的光学厚度为0.52±0.39与地面观测相关系数为0.91,存在系统性高估;兰州AOD年平均为0.55±0.21,夏季最低,秋冬较高,α年平均为0.95±0.20表现为粗模态粒子,MODIS光学厚度为0.43±0.21与地面观测相关系数仅为0.07,存在系统性低估;上海AOD年平均为0.55±0.21,无明显季节变化,α平均为1.03±0.25,MODIS光学厚度为0.74±0.30与地面观测相关系数为0.75,存在系统性高估。城市地理位置和复杂地表等原因造成反照率的不确定,MODIS气溶胶产品在这3个城市的反演效果仍有很大提升空间。 相似文献
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利用2017年成都市彭州地区CE318型太阳分光光度计的观测数据,反演了该地区的气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)、Angstr?m指数(α)和大气浑浊度(β),分析了AOD与α、β以及可吸入颗粒物(PM10、PM_(2. 5))之间的关系。结果表明:AOD表现出冬季>春季>夏季>秋季的季节变化特征,高值主要出现在冬、春季,低值主要出现在夏、秋季。Angstr?m指数在全年的波动不大,月平均值为1. 22±0. 19,低值出现在春季,高值出现在夏季。除了冬季,在其他季节观察到和Angstr?m指数具有相同的月变化趋势。AOD与β之间具有较强的相关性,但与PM10、PM_(2. 5)的正相关关系表现偏弱。该地区气溶胶光学特性受北方沙尘的影响并不明显,但受到人类活动的影响显著,该地区主控态气溶胶是以细粒子为主的城市—工业型气溶胶类型。 相似文献
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西北地区MODIS气溶胶产品的对比应用分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用气溶胶自动监测网（AERONET）的太阳光度计（CE-318）资料,对2003-2010年西北干旱半干旱区MODIS暗像元算法和深蓝算法2种气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）产品进行对比验证,在此基础上进一步研究了该区域AOD的空间分布特征及变化趋势。结果表明,MODIS暗像元算法AOD产品在半干旱区原生植被覆盖地表精度优于深蓝算法,而西北干旱区荒漠地表深蓝算法产品精度较高。Aqua—MODIS深蓝算法AOD产品能够较好地给出我国西北荒漠亮地表地区AOD的分布及季节变化情况,AOD高值区多分布在沙尘源区,且春季AOD最大。2003～2010年,塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地和柴达木盆地年均AOD分别在0．5、0．4和0．3附近波动;沙尘区各区域年均AOD大多呈现增加趋势。其中,塔里木盆地AOD增加趋势较大,而内蒙古西部和准噶尔盆地呈现微弱减少趋势。 相似文献
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利用中分辨率光谱仪(MODIS)获得的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、细粒子比例(FMF)和臭氧检测仪(OMI)获得的气溶胶指数(AI)统计分析了2005—2014年我国华东地区气溶胶光学性质的时空分布特征,同时利用潜在源分析(PSCF)模型对我国华东地区AOD和AI的潜在源区进行分析。研究结果表明:华东地区的AOD、FMF和AI时空分布存在较大的差异,2005—2014年AOD和AI的平均值高值主要分布在华东地区北部,FMF的高值区则分布在华东南部地区;10 a间华东地区AOD呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,FMF波动幅度不明显,AI值有所上升;整个华东地区AOD的季节变化较为明显,春夏两季AOD明显高于秋冬两季。华东北部和中部地区夏季由于较高的相对湿度,AOD最大可达0.8以上。而在华东南部地区,夏季受到降水的影响,AOD维持在0.2~0.4之间。FMF季节变化趋势与AOD不同,夏季最大达到0.58,春季最小仅为0.26。AI平均值在冬季最大高达0.63,夏季最小,为0.27。PSCF分析显示华东地区AOD主要源区以局地排放为主,同时也存在由河南、湖北和湖南等周边省市近距离输送影响;AI以局地和北方远距离输送为主,同时也受到河南、湖北等周边省市近距离输送的影响。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献