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1.
0509号台风"麦莎"暴雨过程分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从移动路径、环流形势、物理量场、卫星云图等方面就0509台风“麦莎”登陆后对山东的影响进行分析,结果表明:0509台风登陆后在西太平洋副热带高压东南气流的引导下,沿120°E线向北偏西方向移动;暴雨主要产生在高能(湿)舌附近及高能轴线左侧和台风移向的右前方;水汽通量和水汽通量散度大值区和梯度最大的区域重叠处与强降水落区对应较好;强降水云系位于台风中心的右前方。 相似文献
2.
利用常规气象观测资料、中尺度加密观测资料和NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,分别对登陆福建且对浙江造成明显影响和一般影响的台风进行合成,对比分析两类台风的雨量场、环流形势场和物理量场,结果表明:登陆福建台风造成的强降水主要发生在浙江南部和东部地区,暴雨中心一般出现在浙江温州地区,过程平均雨量在100 mm以上;暴雨发生前台风北侧有高压坝,台风低压和高压坝之间强东南风急流为暴雨区带来东风扰动和云团;暴雨区具有低层辐合、高层辐散的结构,有一个高能中心,向北延伸经过暴雨区的台风倒槽上对应有高能舌和不稳定层结;在边界层,台风中心北侧有南风急流和东风急流形成东—西向的气流辐合线,暴雨云团在辐合线上生成发展,并向下游传播,形成持续性暴雨。 相似文献
3.
利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、中国气象局(CMA)热带气旋最佳路径数据集和欧洲气象中心ECMWF逐6 h的0.125°×0.125°资料,分析乐清以北登陆的1909号超强台风"利奇马"和9015号台风"阿贝"影响温州强降水的分布特征,以及造成温州南北暴雨强度差异的环境场特征。结果表明:(1)"利奇马"和"阿贝"台风的环境场特征相似,副高平均脊线位置高,研究区内台风主体没有与冷空气结合,降水主要由台风螺旋雨带造成;(2)台风登陆前动力场均存在中高层弱辐合和低层弱辐散,且东冷西暖的θ_(se)平流结构有利于强降水的维持,中高层水汽通量散度强度大于-4×10~(-5)g·cm~(-2)·hPa~(-1)·s~(-1)的区域与暴雨落区的形态和位置对应良好,中低层Q矢量辐合区和大暴雨落区对应良好;(3)台风过程累积雨量与台风中心距离和地形高度具有显著相关关系,温州北部雨量增幅比南部大;(4)该路径造成温州南北部降水差异大,北部暴雨量级比南部大、降水持续时间比南部长,北部乐清和永嘉交界的迎风坡出现超历史极值降水现象概率大。 相似文献
4.
9711号台风与0509号台风能量场对比分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对比分析了9711号台风与0509号台风的环流背景和移动路径,并重点从能量角度分析了θse的时空分布特征,总结了造成两次台风过程降水分布差异的原因。结果表明,二个台风的路径相似,暴雨区分布在台风中心左侧2个经度至右侧4个经度范围内,右前侧暴雨强度更大,范围更广。与9711号台风相比,0509号台风暴雨的强度弱、范围小,对形成强降水不利的条件为:台风路径偏东;在台风北上过程中,西太平洋副高南撤使台风与副高之间的东南气流减弱;台风强度弱,能量衰减快,能量锋区在垂直方向发展不深厚。 相似文献
5.
利用T213、ECMWF数值预报资料和热带气旋历史资料,对1117号强台风“纳沙”造成广西持续大范围暴雨的成因进行分析,造成广西大范围暴雨的主要原因是:“纳沙”登陆后,副热带高压强大,台风环流与副热带高压之间气压梯度增大,其右侧辐合加强,深厚偏东气流给台风输送了大量的水汽和能量,西南风急流与副高西侧强东南气流形成辐合,北方冷空气从低层南下,东北风与台风后部的东南风形成切变产生对流降水;加上台风自身带来的降水、急流降水以及冷空气入侵降水三部分相接,组成了“纳沙”影响期间的持续性强降水过程. 相似文献
6.
《湖北气象》2017,(4)
"海棠"台风(2005)再次登陆福建省前后24 h期间(2005年7月19日00时—20日00时(世界时,下同)),给位于台风路径右侧的福建省东北部及浙江省境内(记为R区)造成大范围暴雨,同时,位于台风路径左侧福建省中南部及广东省境内(记为L区)仅有小雨发生,台风路径左右两侧暴雨落区呈明显非对称分布。基于WRF模式模拟结果诊断分析了"海棠"台风(2005)暴雨及其非对称分布特征成因,结果表明:(1)中尺度天气系统对"海棠"台风暴雨的垂直运动场的强迫作用是主要的,大尺度天气系统所起的强迫作用基本处于次要位置。地形抬升对"海棠"台风暴雨形成一直起着稳定、持续的促进作用,地表摩擦作用主要在台风登陆以后与"海棠"台风暴雨形成密切相关。(2)Q矢量强迫产生的降水场、地形强迫产生的降水场均呈左右非对称分布特征,气象因子是"海棠"台风降水非对称特征形成的主要因素,它一方面直接导致降水非对称特征形成,同时还引发地形因子强迫发挥了重要的促进作用。(3)进一步界定诊断范围对比分析表明,对于R区来讲,存在强烈的上升运动,并将低层汇聚的充沛水汽向上层输送,导致R区强降水发生,而对于L区来讲,上述与降水发生密切相关条件均较R区弱,不利于强降水发生。最后,对未来台风降水成因研究工作进行了初步展望。 相似文献
7.
台风鲸鱼(1508)路径和降水业务预报偏差原因分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
1508号台风鲸鱼路径和降水业务预报均出现明显偏差,造成该台风预报服务效果很差。本文主要利用常规观测资料、卫星资料、EC模式预报结果和ERA-interim再分析资料(0.25°×0.25°),探讨"鲸鱼"路径和降水业务预报偏差的原因,同时对比分析与"鲸鱼"路径相似的两组夏季台风出现近乎反向的强降水落区的成因。结果表明:(1)"鲸鱼"强度偏弱,业务定位出现较大偏差,同时EC模式对副热带高压预报明显偏弱偏东,是其路径及登陆点预报偏差的主要原因。(2)EC模式较好地预报出副热带西风急流加强、南海海域高层东北风加大的过程,但业务中却忽视了它们通过加强环境风垂直切变对台风非对称结构的作用,从而导致"鲸鱼"路径和降水预报出现偏差。(3)台风路径和降水预报要特别关注副热带西风急流和对流层高层西风槽的演变,副热带西风急流加强东进南落,台风中心附近高层东北风加大,环境风垂直切变随之加大,其南侧对流发展旺盛,台风移动路径偏西分量加大,强降水主要位于其路径左侧;西风槽东移南压,且与台风环流靠近,台风中心附近环境风垂直切变明显减小,其北侧对流发展旺盛,台风移动路径偏北分量加大,强降水主要位于其路径右侧。 相似文献
8.
台风苏迪罗登陆次日分散性暴雨成因及预报着眼点 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
利用常规气象观测,卫星、雷达资料,数值模式和中央气象台定量降水预报数据以及FNL分析数据等对台风苏迪罗的定量降水预报进行检验,探讨台风登陆次日分散性暴雨成因和预报着眼点。苏迪罗登陆次日,暴雨分布相对较分散,各家数值模式对其把握均较差。NMC的24 h定量降水预报虽在模式基础上有较好订正,但仍存在明显的暴雨空、漏报现象:暴雨落区预报较实况偏南,导致南侧空报、北侧漏报。受环境场和台风非对称结构影响,强降水产生的有利动力、水汽条件均位于台风北侧和东部沿海地区。台风东北象限对流层低层存在两条强辐合带,其间为降水较弱的弱辐散和下沉运动区。预报员对台风结构的非对称性及风场的非均匀性把握不足,对台风中心附近和两条辐合带间的弱降水区预报偏强,造成暴雨空报。在地形作用下,浙江沿海不断有强降水产生,随后沿切线方向发展为螺旋雨带并逐渐北扩。预报员对地形不断强迫作用下降水沿螺旋雨带的发展及向外围的扩散没有预期,导致浙江北部暴雨漏报。台风登陆次日分散性暴雨的预报着眼点包括:台风非对称性、风场非均匀性、螺旋雨带发展及地形作用等。非对称性影响较大尺度的降水落区;低层风场非均匀的辐合带及急流分布则引起螺旋雨带的发展、演变,决定了台风的精细强降水落区。除地形对局地降水具有增幅作用外,强降水沿螺旋雨带的发展还会对下游地区产生影响。 相似文献
9.
利用欧洲气象中心（ERA-interim）再分析资料以及中国气象局观测站点的实况降水观测结合CMORPH卫星反演的逐时降水资料,对比分析了路径类似的1513号台风Soudelor和1410号台风Matmo在登陆福建前后期间的降水分布特征以及造成登陆台风暴雨强度和落区差异的原因,得到以下初步结论:Soudelor和Matmo移动路径相似,但在登陆福建的过程中对浙、闽地区造成的降水强度和分布差异明显,如Soudelor造成的总降水强度比Matmo大,且Soudelor的强降水在登陆前主要分布在台风路径的右侧,台风中心的偏北方向,登陆以后主要在台风的偏北以及东北方向;而Matmo登陆前降水基本均匀分布在路径两侧,强降水区位于台风中心的西北方向,登陆福建以后向北移动的过程中强降水区转向台风中心的北边;不同的大尺度环流背景也会导致登陆过程中不同的降水分布特征,Soudelor影响期间副热带高压比较强盛,并阻断它与中纬度西风槽的作用,而Matmo登陆北上过程中逐渐减弱并汇入河北上空的西风槽中,所以登陆后期Matmo的降水比Soudelor强;Soudelor和Matmo台风登闽前后低层水汽输送及东风急流差异是导致大暴雨落区差异的原因之一,Matmo的水汽输送主要来自孟加拉湾及南海,而Soudelor登陆前东部有来自另一个台风Molave的水汽输送,登陆后强水汽输送通量区及水汽辐合带位于Soudelor偏北侧,这与Soudelor登陆造成的暴雨在中心偏北方向一致;南亚高压相对于台风的位置也会影响降水,Soudelor登陆时,大兴安岭上空大槽前的偏西风急流与南部高压西北侧的西南急流一起使得它登陆后减弱速度变缓,有利于台风暴雨的维持,而Matmo高空受急流造成的气旋性切变流场加速了台风的减弱;此外,台风自身的结构和强度变化以及登陆后维持时间不同也是造成两次过程降水差异的主要原因之一,台风暖心结构的强度以及台风高层暖心减弱的速度对台风降水有一定影响,但对登陆时台风暴雨的不对称分布影响较小;Soudelor登闽过程中,涡度场强度比Matmo大,且维持一个深厚的垂直对称结构,登闽后期附近的辐合上升气流主要位于中心东侧,而Matmo在登闽过程中,低层的强辐合区和上升运动区始终偏西,造成二者降水分布的不同。 相似文献
10.
利用常规天气资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、地面降水资料以及福建新一代天气雷达资料对2012年"苏拉"台风登陆后引发福建西部大暴雨天气成因进行分析,结果表明:"苏拉"登陆后高空涡旋受大陆高压东侧偏北气流引导向偏南方向移动,同时,台风登陆后进入大的环境风垂直切变区并向切变左侧倾斜,使得台风南倾结构进一步加大。台风结构南倾为福建西部大暴雨区提供了良好的动力条件,"苏拉"自身带来的水汽及台风南侧西南气流为暴雨区提供了充足的水汽来源,高空冷空气入侵与低层的高温高湿区形成上冷下暖结构呈现出条件不稳定层结,有利于深厚湿对流产生,结合充分的水汽供应,出现大暴雨天气。大范围暖平流配合风速辐合,中高层冷空气入侵与低层西南暖湿空气结合以及低层的西南急流建立是三个强降水阶段对应的中尺度天气特征。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献