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一次突发性特大暴雨的中尺度分析和诊断 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用常规探测资料、TBB资料和NCEP分析资料,对2008年5月27日发生在沅陵西北部的一次突发性特大暴雨天气过程进行了中尺度分析和诊断.结果表明:这次特大暴雨是在有利的大尺度环流背景下发生的,低空西南急流为暴雨区带来了丰富的水汽和不稳定能量;产生暴雨的中βCS云团由两个对流云团合并而成,具有椭圆形结构特征,长时间维持少动,强降水出现在中BCS云团发展最旺盛的地方;在尺度分离的流场上,特大暴雨出现在850 hPa和700 hPa的两条中尺度辐合线之间的低层辐合区内;这次暴雨与暴雨区上空对流层中低层正垂直螺旋度、高层负垂直螺旋度中心的分布和增大减小变化密切相关;非地转湿Q矢量激发的次级环流的存在有利于不稳定能量的释放,促进暴雨发生发展;暴雨区特殊的地形对这次特大暴雨过程有明显的增幅作用. 相似文献
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"99.8"山东特大暴雨形成机制的数值模拟分析 总被引：11，自引：9，他引：11
利用双重嵌套的非静力数值模式MM5V3,成功地模拟了1999年8月11~12日山东诸城发生的特大暴雨。利用模式输出的高时空分辨率资料,对这次暴雨天气及中尺度低涡的形成机制进行了诊断分析。结果表明,这次特大暴雨是在弱冷空气侵入台风低压环流,热带辐合带北伸的形势下形成的;倾斜涡度发展是特大暴雨及中尺度低涡产生、发展的重要机制,鲁东南有利的地形对中尺度低涡的形成具有重要作用;台风低压倒槽顶部的强辐合作用首先触发上升运动,产生强降水,强降水位于低层气旋性暖式切变最明显的地方;强降水释放的凝结潜热使高层气层增暖,高层辐散加强,引起低层中尺度低涡强烈发展,导致降水增幅。可见,CISK机制是特大暴雨和中尺度低涡加强的另一种机制。 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、加密自动观测站资料、连云港风廓线雷达和多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2012年8月10日江苏东北部地区特大暴雨过程进行了分析。结果表明：台风“海葵”登陆后在安徽东南部减弱成热带低压,北伸的低压倒槽与高空低槽的结合,是产生这次特大暴雨的天气背景。特大暴雨发生在大气层结极不稳定区域,同时具有水汽强辐合,对流层低层强辐合、高层强辐散的环境场特征。散度场的垂直分布特征变化先于降水强度的变化;冷空气从低层开始入侵,并向中高层渗透,触发了不稳定能量的释放。地面中尺度辐合线的长时间维持,是这次特大暴雨产生的直接原因。平均径向速度产品揭示的风向风速辐合、气旋性环流、低空急流及暖平流等的环境场特征,为短临预报中判断强降水发生及维持提供了依据。 相似文献
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一次弱对流引发局地特大暴雨天气的诊断分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
对2003年8月28-29日宁陕特大暴雨过程诊断分析结果表明：特大暴雨发生在低层辐合、高层辐合，不利于强对流发展的弱对流环境中。低层850～700hPa低涡倒槽为特大暴雨提供了辐合上升运动和充沛的水汽条件。850hPa几股来自不同方向、性质不同的气流相汇在宁陕上空，强水汽辐合是特大暴雨形成的主要原因。 相似文献
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利用NCEP 1°×1°逐6h分析资料和湖北省自动气象站雨量资料分析了2006年5月24日夜间江汉平原南部一场突发性大暴雨、局部特大暴雨过程的成因.结果表明,这次强降雨发生之前,高空急流南界先向北移出湖北省上空,伴随着强降雨的发展与减弱,急流南界又重新南扩到湖北南部;急流核在强降雨发生之前在35-40°N之间东移,特大暴雨发生时已位于暴雨区东北方向渤海湾一带.这次特大暴雨发生在边界层中尺度正涡度区合并加强过程中.暴雨过程伴随着高层惯性稳定度的减小与低层位势不稳定的维持:南海西北部到华中地区西南水汽通道的建立是特大暴雨发生的有利条件,水汽输送主要集中在中、低层.特大暴雨发生之前低层正值湿螺旋散度增加明显. 相似文献
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鲁南一次锋面附近局地特大暴雨成因分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
利用美国新一代中尺度数值模式WRF对2005年9月2日发生在鲁南的一次局地特大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,着重对此次暴雨的产生机制进行了分析.研究表明,台风倒槽顶部的高湿区是暴雨主要水汽来源;对流层低层辐合线在暴雨发生发展过程中起重要作用;锋面附近的小尺度扰动是造成暴雨的直接系统;对流层低层地形造成的绕流是暴雨重要的触发机制;南北两系统的相互对峙是造成特大暴雨的重要原因. 相似文献
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2005年6月广东特大暴雨垂直螺旋度分析 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
利用NCEP1°×1°格点资料和常规观测资料对2005年6月广东发生的连续性特大暴雨过程进行垂直螺旋度诊断分析，结果表明：广东特大暴雨范围、强度与该地区上空中低层正、高层负垂直螺旋度中心迅速增大、减小密切相关，并和中心增大、减小区域也有很好的对应关系。当中低层正螺旋度迅速增大，高层负螺旋度迅速减小或中低层正、高层负螺旋度中心增大、减小区重叠在同一经度或纬度线附近时，对应地面雨强最强和强降水范围最大。过程中龙门连续两天特大暴雨和广东最多暴雨日出现期间，其上空垂直螺旋度对应有中低层正、高层负螺旋度闭合中心向低层明显传送的特征。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献