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1.
以北京市平谷区2011年6月11日防雹作业为例,利用双线偏振雷达资料,选取与作业区条件十分接近的云块为对比区,根据回波移动方向和速度,跟踪分析在不同高度上防雹作业前后云体宏观结构特征和粒子相态等微物理变化过程。作业后云体所呈现特征为:1作业区的云顶高度、强回波中心高度迅速下降,对比区变化不明显;2作业区水平反射率Zh减小,差分反射率Zdr、零相关系数ρhv增大,单位差分传播相移Kdp小范围内波动,对比区Zh、Zdr、Kdp变化不明显;ρhv增大;3作业区对流减弱,高层较大冰雹粒子、大雨滴下沉明显,最终以霰粒子为主;而对比区域则对流仍然旺盛,冰雹粒子有增多趋势。以上特征表明防雹作业可有效抑制冰雹胚胎成长为冰雹的过程,通过偏振雷达观测参量可对防雹作业效果进行较好的验证。 相似文献
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利用S波段双偏振雷达资料和多种观测资料,对2021年5月10日湖南长沙的大冰雹超级单体风暴过程进行分析,结果表明：(1)此次过程发生在低层暖平流主导下,高能量、有利的对流不稳定条件以及湿球0℃(WBZ)高度明显低于0℃层高度为大冰雹超级单体风暴的形成和维持提供了有利条件。(2)强中心(水平反射率因子Zh≥60 dBz)面积和最大水平反射率因子明显增大、垂直累积液态水含量跃增和质心高度发展到冰雹有效增长层,可作为大冰雹形成发展的依据。(3)差分反射率因子(Zdr)柱、相关系数(CC)、差分相移率(Kdp)演变可为冰雹的云物理特征变化提供重要参考。Zdr柱(≥1 dB)的出现对应上升气流区,扩展至WBZ以上,Zdr柱的发展和维持表明其携带的过冷雨滴为冰雹发展和维持提供了雹胚;Zdr洞(<0 dB)对应下沉气流区扩展至近地面,结合小CC和Kdp“空洞”对应干的大冰雹。(4)构建的超级单体风暴降雹阶段不同仰角的双偏振监测识别模型显示,强雹暴回波离开雷达一侧存... 相似文献
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利用广州S波段双偏振雷达和X波段相控阵雷达资料,对2022年3月26日一次降雹超级单体风暴成熟阶段的雷达观测特征开展分析,结果表明:超级单体呈现出钩状回波、回波悬垂、中气旋、三体散射等经典结构特征。径向速度上观测到中低层辐合、高层辐散以及中气旋和反气旋共存的双涡旋结构,有助于超级单体的维持发展。偏振特征分析发现,超级单体低层出现了反射率因子(ZDR)弧,低层强回波区对应偏小的差分反射率(ZDR)、低的相关系数(CC)和大的差分相移率(KDP),符合融化的冰雹特征。中层观测到ZDR环、CC环和三体散射(TBSS)的偏振特征。高层强回波区对应低的ZDR、较高的CC和低的KDP,对应空中干的大冰雹。垂直方向上观测到ZDR柱和KDP柱,ZDR柱最大发展高度达到8 km。X波段相控阵雷达更快的扫描速度还精细监测到超级单体钩状回波和中气旋的形成演变过程,低层也观测到与S波段双偏振雷达类似的ZDR弧特征和融化中的冰雹特征,但是使用中要留意衰减造成的影响。 相似文献
4.
《气象研究与应用》2021,(2)
利用S波段双偏振雷达观测到的层状云、非降雹对流云以及冰雹云三种不同强度云系的雷达数据,对其双偏振参量的特征差异进行分析。结果表明,层状云的差分反射率ZDR、差分相移率KDP接近0值,差分相移ΦDP随径向距离廓线变化小,与初始相位保持一致;在非降雹对流云中,CC值基本稳定在0.95以上,回波强度大于35dBZ时,ZDR、KDP和ΦDP均显著递增,KDP和ΦDP变化尤为明显,其表现出对强降水的敏感特征;冰雹云的双偏振特征整体与非降雹对流云一致,但在冰雹区域内反射率ZH大于62dBZ时,ZDR迅速降低至0附近,少数冰雹区域对应KDP为空值(显示背景色)KDP原始算法存在明显缺陷,应当加以其他条件(如信噪比)作为约束。 相似文献
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基于济南S波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达探测数据,结合探空和地面实况资料,对2019年同一区域两次强降水风暴双偏振参量特征进行分析。结果表明：1）两次对流性强降水发生在弱垂直风切变环境下,具有较强的对流有效位能,低层湿度较大,0 ℃层高度较高,利于短时强降水的产生。2）两次强降水风暴都具有低质心热带降水特征,45 dBZ以上的强回波区主要位于环境0 ℃层高度之下。3）风暴低层强回波区都对应大的差分反射率因子ZDR和比差分相位KDP,ZDR≥0.5 dB,KDP≥0.5°·km-1,相关系数CC≥0.95;反射率因子在50~54 dBZ之间,对应的KDP＞1.0°·km-1,CC≥0.97,ZDR适中,是两次强降水风暴导致高强度降水的主要双偏振参量特征。4）两次强降水风暴ZDR柱和KDP柱高度存在明显差异,7月27日强降水风暴前侧出现ZDR柱和KDP柱,高度接近-10 ℃层高度,8月10日强降水风暴ZDR柱和KDP柱略高于0 ℃层高度,ZDR柱高度对雷暴强度具有指示作用。 相似文献
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针对2019年7月6日发生在江苏徐州、宿迁、淮安、南京以及常州一线的一次大范围冰雹天气过程,利用再分析资料分析天气背景、不稳定机制和抬升条件。通过徐州和南京S波段双偏振雷达偏振参量及宿迁和淮安的双多普勒天气雷达风场反演技术对冰雹云的热动力结构和微物理特征开展了详细的分析。结果表明:此次大范围冰雹天气发生在高空冷涡南落、横槽南摆,低层暖湿气流北抬,上下层强烈不稳定的环流背景下,地面低压缓慢东移南压,提供了辐合抬升条件。此次降雹天气过程中,雷达回波图上显示有典型的冰雹云特征——三体散射长钉、回波穹隆结构、强度超过50 dBZ,中层径向辐合,风暴顶辐散等特征。双偏振雷达各偏振参量也表现出冰雹云的特点,出现冰雹的地区展现水平反射率因子ZH大、差分反射率因子ZDR小、相关系数CC小的特征,ZDR值为-1.0～0.5 dB,CC值小于0.85;超级单体在近地层还出现表征入流区的CC谷、ZDR柱、差分相移率KDP柱等特征。ZDR柱、KDP柱和CC谷等双偏振参量特征在强对流短时临近预报和冰雹识别方面具有很强的应用潜力。双雷达风场反演表明此次过程降雹集中时段,冰雹云的穹隆空间结构,降雹时刻存在的明显下沉气流。 相似文献
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为了研究雹暴的偏振特征及其在实际业务中的应用,使用S波段双偏振雷达所观测到的46例冰雹数据,对其中反复出现的3种偏振特征:冰雹在各高度层的偏振参数特征、差分反射率因子柱、三体散射偏振特征进行了分析,重点分析了3种偏振特征大、小冰雹事件的差异。结果表明:（1）大冰雹的水平反射率因子中位数要高于小冰雹,二者的水平反射率因子分布存在较大重合区域。（2）冰雹偏振参数的变化主要集中在融化层之下,相较于小冰雹,大冰雹具有更低的差分反射率因子和相关系数。（3）所有雹暴的差分反射率因子柱最大伸展高度均超过?10℃层,有83%的大冰雹事件其差分反射率因子柱最大伸展高度可超过?20℃层;在小冰雹事件中这一比例仅为46%。（4）差分反射率因子柱高度的演变对于雹暴的发展具有预示性,特别是在持续降雹过程中,差分反射率因子柱的再度发展预示着雹暴的再次增强。差分反射率因子柱高度的极值相对于降雹具有时间提前量,在大冰雹事件中这一提前量的中位数为24 min,而在小冰雹事件中这一数值为11 min。（5）三体散射的偏振特征有助于识别高空的冰雹,尤其是当冰雹核的后侧存在其他降水回波时。在所统计的19例大冰雹事件中均发现三体散射偏振特征。在小冰雹事件中同样可发现三体散射偏振特征,出现比例为52%。 相似文献
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为探究C波段双偏振雷达资料在暴雨监测预警中的应用,本文利用遵义市C波段双偏振雷达资料及常规观测资料对2020年6月12日凌晨遵义市碧峰镇发生的一次极端特大暴雨天气过程进行分析,结果表明：（1）本次碧峰极端暴雨天气过程产生于高温高湿的背景下,属于低涡切变型暖区性质降水,500hPa高原槽后干冷空气的叠加促进了强降水天气过程的爆发。（2）过程由深厚的低质心强降水对流单体引发,存在中尺度辐合区且与强降雨持续时间对应。（3）1.5°仰角Zdr、Kdp值变化趋势与地面分钟雨量一致,有跃增现象,且超前15到20分钟。（4）低层Zdr大值区与反射率因子大值区重合,反映了强降水过程的主要落区。中尺度辐合造成强的上升气流使得低层的Zdr和CC值显著减小,同时其附近部分大雨滴被抬升至4km高度形成Zdr大值中心。 相似文献
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《内蒙古气象》2017,(4)
文章利用X波段双偏振雷达,通过分析差分反射率因子、差分传播相移和零滞后相关系数等双偏振参量特征,识别了呼和浩特地区两次强对流天气过程,并与对应时刻的地面雨滴谱观测资料进行对比,检验了识别效果。从个例分析结果来看,此X波段双偏振雷达具有较好的识别效果,当雷达回波强度大、差分传播相移小且差分反射率因子和零滞后相关系数也较小时,产生冰雹的可能性较大;当差分反射率因子值较大,差分传播相移高且零滞后相关系数接近1时,由大粒子组成的强降水天气的可能性大。同时,雨滴谱仪的天气现象识别、粒子谱连续监测和高频率数据采集等特征,在双偏振雷达的冰雹和强降水天气识别检验中提供了重要的数据支撑。 相似文献
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通过厦门S波段双偏振天气雷达观测到的超级单体、普通降雹单体和非降雹单体三种不同强度的强对流个例,分析其在发展、成熟阶段出现的双偏振参数特征差异,包括差分反射率(Z_(DR))、差分相位差(K_(DP))、相关系数(CC)等,发现:Z_(OR)柱和K_(DP)柱是不同强度强对流云体内部普遍存在的动力特征;超级单体和普通降雹单体在近地层还有表征入流区的CC谷特征;此外在超级单体成熟阶段低层还出现了Z_(DR)弧、K_(DP)印,以及高层对应着大冰雹的CC低值区等特征。Z_(DR)柱不仅可用于识别过冷水区还具有预测强对流云体未来发展趋势的能力,利用CC谷可识别强单体的入流区,K_(DP)柱、K_(DP)印及其空缺可识别强降水、大冰雹区等,因此双偏振参量特征识别在强对流短时临近预警预报、人工防雹方面都具有很强应用潜力。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献