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1.
东亚高空急流是东亚大气环流系统的重要组成部分,对东亚地区的天气和气候具有重要影响。以往对东亚高空急流的研究多关注副热带急流及其对天气气候的影响,近年来,学者们在明确区分东亚副热带急流和极锋急流的基础上,从东亚副热带急流和极锋急流协同变化的视角,对东亚高空急流的变化规律和机理及其对我国气候异常的影响,开展了一系列研究,揭示出副热带急流和极锋急流强度的反位相协同变化是以副热带急流强（弱）伴随着极锋急流弱（强）为其主要配置形式和模态,并对应着特定的大气环流形势以及相应的气温和降水异常分布,与冬季冷空气活动、梅雨期降水、极端事件、冬季风等具有密切关系。本文聚焦东亚高空急流协同变化方面的最新研究成果,从东亚高空急流协同变化规律、高空急流协同变化的热力和动力学影响机理、高空急流协同变化气候效应、高空急流与中高纬低频遥相关型的联系等方面进行较为全面的总结,以加深东亚高空急流活动基本特征和变化规律的认识。 相似文献
2.
吕俊梅张庆云陶诗言琚建华 《应用气象学报》2007,18(4):442-451
根据黄刚等定义的东亚夏季风指数, 对强、弱东亚夏季风年大气环流、大气热源和外强迫源SST的差异进行分析, 结果表明:强 (弱) 东亚夏季风年前期冬季到夏季, 太平洋SSTA为La Ni?a (El Ni?o) 型分布, 西太平洋暖池SST暖 (冷), 使得暖池附近对流活动较强 (较弱)。与此同时, 南亚大陆从印度半岛、青藏高原南部、中南半岛至华南大气异常加热 (变冷), 并且海陆热力对比加强 (减弱), 有利于出现强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风。此外, 由于暖池附近对流活动强 (弱), 该地区上升气流较强 (弱), Walker环流增强 (减弱), 当强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风向北推进时, 副热带西风急流北撤位置偏北 (南), 副热带高压位置也偏北 (南), 7月至8月华北 (江淮流域) 位于副热带西风急流南侧, 降水偏多, 江淮流域 (华北) 降水偏少。并给出与东亚夏季风年际变异有关的大气环流和SST异常的物理图像。 相似文献
3.
利用1957-2002年ERA-40月平均再分析资料以及不同海域(全球、热带外、热带、热带印度洋—太平洋、热带印度洋和热带太平洋等)1950-2000年逐月观测海表温度,驱动NCARCAM3全球大气环流模式,根据模拟结果,分析讨论了冬季东亚副热带西风急流的变化特征及其与海表温度异常的关系.表明:1957-2001年冬季东亚副热带西风急流有增强的趋势,且具有准3 a的显著周期.热带海表温度异常,特别是热带太平洋海表温度异常对东亚副热带西风急流变化有重要影响,即当热带太平洋海表温度升高时,东亚副热带西风急流增强. 相似文献
4.
ENSO事件对东亚副热带西风急流影响的诊断分析 总被引：14，自引：10，他引：4
本文利用NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,用合成分析和相关分析方法就ENSO事件对东亚副热带西风急流的影响进行诊断分析.主要结论为:El Nino年冬季200 hPa东亚副热带西风急流主要在急流出口区纬向风有正距平,急流增强东扩.而La Nina年冬季急流在急流出口区纬向风有负距平,急流减弱西移.El Nino年夏季急流增强,主要在急流区内的偏南部纬向风有正距平.La Nina年夏季急流减弱,主要在急流区内的偏南部纬向风有负距平;相关分析表明东亚副热带西风急流冬、夏季纬向风与热带中东太平洋冬、夏季海表温度有显著的相关.研究表明,ENSO年冬、夏季对流层中上层有较大的气温异常,并由此产生大的经向温度梯度的异常,这可能是ENSO事件影响东亚副热带西风急流的原因之一. 相似文献
5.
冬季北大西洋涛动对中国春季降水异常的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用中国397个测站降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用相关分析、合成分析等方法,研究了冬季北大西洋涛动(NAO)对我国春季降水的影响。结果表明,我国春季降水与前期冬季NAO关系密切,冬季NAO偏强(弱)时,我国东部南方地区春季降水偏多(少),北方地区春季降水偏少(多)。冬季NAO信号通过波列形式传播至东亚地区,使得春季东亚副热带急流和温带急流发生变化,冬季NAO偏强(弱)时,春季东亚副热带西风急流增强(减弱),温带急流减弱(增强)。进一步分析表明,冬季NAO异常会引起春季乌拉尔山高压脊和东亚大槽的变化,导致东亚对流层上层的温度发生变化,并由此产生经向温度梯度异常,这可能是NAO影响东亚高空急流的原因之一。春季东亚对流层上层的气温变冷(暖),使得东亚地区30°-40°N区域产生下沉(上升)运动,20°-30°N区域产生上升(下沉)运动,最终导致我国东部南方地区春季降水偏多(少)、北方地区春季降水偏少(多)。 相似文献
6.
利用山东省内1960-2003年40个观测站的夏季降水资料和NCEP/NCAP再分析资料,分析了山东夏季降水空间分布、时间尺度的演变特征以及山东夏季降水异常时大气环流、热带对流活动的异常特征,结果表明:山东夏季降水总体呈现由鲁南向鲁北递减的趋热,空间分布具有一致性。涝年的前期冬季极涡向东扩展,东亚大槽和东亚冬季风较常年偏强;旱年前期冬季极涡偏向西半球,东亚大槽和东亚冬季风较常年偏弱。涝年热带印度洋、南海至西太平洋地区对流增强,热带东太平洋地区对流减弱,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏北;旱年则相反。涝年前期冬季由于冬季风较强及低纬度地区冷涌活跃,加强了低纬地区的对流活动,增强了Hadely环流,加强了能量及水汽向中、高纬度地区的输运,从而引起山东降水增多。 相似文献
7.
山东夏季降水异常的前兆信号特征 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
利用山东省内1960～2003年40个观测站的夏季降水资料和NCEP/NCAP再分析资料,分析了山东夏季降水空间分布、时间尺度的演变特征以及山东夏季降水异常时大气环流、热带对流活动的异常特征,结果表明:山东夏季降水总体呈现由鲁南向鲁北递减的趋热,空间分布具有一致性.涝年的前期冬季极涡向东扩展,东亚大槽和东亚冬季风较常年偏强;旱年前期冬季极涡偏向西半球,东亚大槽和东亚冬季风较常年偏弱.涝年热带印度洋、南海至西太平洋地区对流增强,热带东太平洋地区对流减弱,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏北;旱年则相反.涝年前期冬季由于冬季风较强及低纬度地区冷涌活跃,加强了低纬地区的对流活动,增强了Hadely环流,加强了能量及水汽向中、高纬度地区的输运,从而引起山东降水增多. 相似文献
8.
大连地区冷暖冬年冬季大气环流特征分析 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
利用合成分析方法,对大连地区1960--2000年冷暖冬年冬季的环流形势进行了对比分析。结果表明：在冷暖冬年冬季,海平面气压距平场、500hPa高度距平场、300hPa纬向风距平场都存在着显著的差异,其中蒙古高压、极涡的位置、面积、强度及东亚西风环流指数、极锋急流差异都显著,说明极锋急流、极涡、乌山脊、东亚大槽及蒙古高压等都是影响大连冬季气温异常的关键系统。 相似文献
9.
东亚—北太平洋大气环流和瞬变扰动的年代际变化 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了东亚—北太平洋大气环流、大气斜压性和天气尺度瞬变扰动活动的年代际变化特征。东亚—北太平洋地区低层大气温度和比湿及高层的西风急流都存在明显的年代际变化。西风年代际异常与大气斜压性年代际异常之间有密切联系。夏季北太平洋北部到西伯利亚高原上空的天气尺度瞬变扰动活动年代际增强,但夏季低层瞬变热力和瞬变水汽强迫的年代际异常对北太平洋中纬度低层平均温度和比湿年代际异常的作用并不显著。冬季,西太平洋西风急流年代际增强与急流下方大气斜压性年代际增加相一致,使该地区瞬变扰动年代际增强,增强的瞬变扰动将更多能量传送给西风气流,巩固了西风急流的年代际异常。年代际尺度上冬季异常的瞬变热力强迫和瞬变水汽强迫对低层大气温度和比湿异常有显著的削弱作用。 相似文献
10.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料系统地分析了2005年与2006年冬季欧亚大陆的气温和东亚冬季风的差别及其与北半球准定常波活动的关系。分析结果表明:2005年冬季欧亚大陆中、高纬度地区气温偏低,东亚冬季风偏强;而2006年冬季欧亚大陆中、高纬度地区气温偏高,出现暖冬,东亚冬季风偏弱。分析结果还表明,这两年冬季东亚冬季风的差别不仅是由于西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压的变异所造成,而且是由于北极涛动(北半球环状模)的变化所造成。并且,作者还从这两年冬季北半球准定常行星波活动的差异,在动力理论上进一步讨论了这两年冬季北半球气候和东亚冬季风差异的机理。结果表明:2005年冬季北半球行星波活动为低指数,准定常行星波在高纬度往平流层传播加强,而往低纬度对流层上层传播减弱,造成了行星波E-P通量在高纬度地区对流层中、上层辐合加强,而在副热带地区对流层中、上层辐散加强,引起了北半球高纬度地区极锋急流减弱,而副热带急流加强,这有利于西伯利亚高压的发展,从而引起了东亚冬季风增强;相反,2006年冬季北半球行星波活动为高指数,准定常行星波在高纬度往平流层传播减弱,而往低纬度对流层上层传播加强,造成了行星波E-P通量在高纬度地区对流层中、上层辐散加强,而在副热带地区对流层中、上层辐合加强,引起了北半球高纬度地区极锋急流加强,而副热带急流减弱,这不利于西伯利亚高压的发展,从而引起了东亚冬季风减弱。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献