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我国夏季雨型的前期异常特征及预报方法的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
用１９５１～１９９５年资料研究了我国东部夏季降水各雨型的前期大气环流及我国地面气象要素场的异常特征．结果表明,在冬季１月份北太平洋地区、秋季中国南海地区的海平面气压场有预报我国夏季雨型的信号．夏季不同雨型的前期冬季特征不同,我国的降水、气温场也有差异,４月份我国大范围的温度异常也是值得注意的预测信号．这些特征可以作为我国夏季雨型的预报信号及预报工具． 相似文献
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The performances of various dynamical models from the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) Climate Center(APCC) multi-model ensemble(MME) in predicting station-scale rainfall in South China(SC) in June were evaluated.It was found that the MME mean of model hindcasts can skillfully predict the June rainfall anomaly averaged over the SC domain.This could be related to the MME's ability in capturing the observed linkages between SC rainfall and atmospheric large-scale circulation anomalies in the Indo-Pacific region.Further assessment of station-scale June rainfall prediction based on direct model output(DMO) over 97 stations in SC revealed that the MME mean outperforms each individual model.However,poor prediction abilities in some in-land and southeastern SC stations are apparent in the MME mean and in a number of models.In order to improve the performance at those stations with poor DMO prediction skill,a station-based statistical downscaling scheme was constructed and applied to the individual and MME mean hindcast runs.For several models,this scheme can outperform DMO at more than 30 stations,because it can tap into the abilities of the models in capturing the anomalous Indo-Paciric circulation to which SC rainfall is considerably sensitive.Therefore,enhanced rainfall prediction abilities in these models should make them more useful for disaster preparedness and mitigation purposes. 相似文献
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ENSO对中国夏季降水可预测性变化的研究 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：16
众多研究表明,ENSO对东亚夏季风尤其是中国夏季降水存在很大影响,已成为中国夏季降水首要的预测因子。传统的预测模型认为,当前期ENSO为暖位相状态时,夏季中国主要雨带位置偏南,长江流域降水偏多;反之,当前期ENSO为冷位相状态时,夏季中国主要雨带位置偏北,长江流域降水偏少。基于1951—2003年中国160站月平均降水资料和同时段的NOAA ERSST海表温度资料,讨论了中国夏季降水和前冬Nino3区海温关系的年代际变化。分析结果显示,近20年来二者相关性已大大衰减。作为中国夏季降水的主要预测指标,ENSO的指示意义也相应减弱。在1951—1974年,依据前冬Nino3区SSTA预测夏季降水符号准确率在67%以上的站数有43站,但在1980—2003年,同样准确率的站数只有15站。在前一个研究时段,这43站呈区域性分布于东北地区、黄河和长江流域,但后一个研究时段内的15站分布分散,不利于区域性预测。相关分析结果表明,在20世纪70年代中期之前,当前冬赤道东太平洋海温偏高时,华北和江南南部的多数测站夏季降水偏多,淮河流域降水偏少,同时梅雨开始偏晚。反之,当前冬赤道东太平洋海温偏低时,华北和江南南部夏季降水易偏少,淮河流域降水则偏多,同时梅雨开始偏早。但在20世纪80年代之后,上述对应关系较难成立。因此,在汛期预测业务中参考ENSO的作用时必须充分考虑年代际背景的差异。 相似文献
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利用中国西南地区80站逐月降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,采用降水预测新方法——年际增量法,考察影响中国西南地区夏季降水年际增量的前期冬、春季大气环流年际增量状况,并选取5个关键影响因子,采用多元回归法建立中国西南夏季降水年际增量预测模型。对降水年际增量进行预测,在1971—2010年的建模阶段,预测模型的拟合率为0.78,在2011—2017的后报检验7年中,有6年与实况值同位相。后报检验2011—2017年的降水距平百分率,均方根误差为16%。为考察对降水异常分布型的预报效果,逐站建立回归方程,并进行趋势预报检验,近5年的趋势异常综合评分高于发布预测,预报效果较好。因此,该方法的应用及模型的建立对提高西南地区夏季降水预测水平有重要意义。 相似文献
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中国东部夏季降水与东亚垂直环流结构及其预测试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文在分析中国东部夏季降水的时空分布特征基础上, 从东亚高、中、低层大尺度环流异常着手, 选取对中国东部夏季降水异常有显著影响的大气环流预报因子, 分别应用逐步回归和最优子集回归法两种统计降尺度方法, 以动力气候模式CAM3.1预报输出的大气环流预报因子为基础, 以中国东部夏季降水的典型空间分布型为预报对象, 建立动力与统计相结合的中国东部夏季降水预测模型, 并对1981～2000年的中国东部夏季降水进行回报试验。结果表明: 中国东部夏季降水具有4类典型的空间分布型式, 且具有显著的准2年和年代际尺度振荡周期; 东亚高、中、低层大气环流异常的特定配置, 对东部夏季降水的空间分布型有显著影响; 使用两种降尺度方案建立的动力与统计相结合的预测模型对中国东部夏季降水异常具有一定的预报技巧, 可以在一定程度上提高动力模式对中国东部夏季降水的预报效果。 相似文献
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Decadal variations of summer rainfall during 1951 through 1990 are analyzed by using summer rainfall data of 160 stations in China. Four major patterns of decadal variations are identified. The decadal variations of summer rainfall showed northward shift in the eastern China from South China through the Yangtze-Huaihe River to North China. Summer rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley underwent two obvious decadal transitions during the 40 years: one from rainy period to drought period in the end of the 1950’s, the other from drought period to rainy period in the late 1970’s. Correspondingly, the atmospheric circulation over East Asia through the western North Pacific showed two similar obvious transitions. The East Asian/ Pacific (EAP) pattern switched from high index to low index in the end of the 1950’s and from low index to high index in the late 1970’s, respectively. Hence, summer rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley is closely associated with the EAP pattern not only in the interannual variation but also in the decadal variation. 相似文献
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With the methods of REOF (Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function), the summer precipitation from 43 stations over eastern China for the 1901 - 2000 period was examined. The results show that South China and Southwest China, the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River, North China and the southwestern of Northeast China are the three main areas of summer rainfall anomaly. Furthermore, correlation analysis is used in three time series of three mostly summer rainfall modes and four seasonal Pacific SSTA (Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly), and the results suggest that the Pacific SSTA which notably causes the summer rainfall anomaly over eastern China are the SSTA of the preceding winter over Kuroshio region of Northwest Pacific, SSTA of the preceding spring in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific, and SSTA of the current summer in the central region of middle latitude. The relationship between summer precipitation over eastern China and SSTA of Pacific key regions was further verified by SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) analysis.The composite analysis was used to analyze the features of atmospheric general circulation in the years of positive and negative precipitation anomaly. Its results were used to serve as the base of numerical simulation analysis. 相似文献
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With the methods of REOF (Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function), the summer precipitation from 43 stations over eastern China for the 1901 - 2000 period was examined. The results show that South China and Southwest China, the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River, North China and the southwestern of Northeast China are the three main areas of summer rainfall anomaly. Furthermore, correlation analysis is used in three time series of three mostly summer rainfall modes and four seasonal Pacific SSTA (Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly), and the results suggest that the Pacific SSTA which notably causes the summer rainfall anomaly over eastern China are the SSTA of the preceding winter over Kuroshio region of Northwest Pacific, SSTA of the preceding spring in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific, and SSTA of the current summer in the central region of middle latitude. The relationship between summer precipitation over eastern China and SSTA of Pacific key regions was further verified by SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) analysis.The composite analysis was used to analyze the features of atmospheric general circulation in the years of positive and negative precipitation anomaly. Its results were used to serve as the base of numerical simulation analysis. 相似文献
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利用中国160站1951-2005年的逐月降水资料,以华北17站夏季降水异常为研究对象,在对其时空变化特征进行分析的基础上,探讨了影响其异常的同期因子——该地区上空大尺度环流异常特征.研究结果表明,华北夏季降水在55a里总的趋势是减少的,该地区干旱化的趋势明显,华北夏季降水存在准3a、准6a、准8a的年际周期和17～19a的年代际振荡周期。在华北夏季降水异常的年份,其降水通常与江南和华南的呈现反位相。在低层850hPa,当贝加尔湖地区的东北气流、中南半岛的西南气流及青藏高原北侧的偏西气流较常年偏强时,华北夏季降水较常年偏多;中层500hPa,副热带高压较常年偏弱、偏北、偏西,冷空气偏强,低纬热带季风活跃,南方水汽也供应充沛,从而华北多雨. 相似文献
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1999年中国夏季气候的预测和检验 总被引：35，自引：6，他引：29
利用改进的中国科学院大气物理研究所短期气候预测系统（IAPPSSCA）,结合IAPENSO预测系统所预测的1999年热带太平洋地区的海温异常,对1999年中国夏季气候进行了适时集合预测。预测结果表明：IAPPSSCA较好地预测出了1999年夏季北半球大尺度环流场的异常情况,并较好地预测出1999年中国南涝北旱的大范围降水形势。IAPPSSCA对长江下游的强降水中心、中国南方大部夏季多雨的特征以及中国北方大部的干旱少雨形势的预测,与实测较相符。但IAPPSSCA预测的南方大范围雨带的北界比实测的略为偏北,北方的小范围的降水正距平区域也没有能预报出来。另外,对于月平均降水距平的预测亦存在较大的不确定性。这说明我们的预测系统还有待于进一步的改进和完善。 相似文献
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An East Asian Subtropical Summer Monsoon Index and Its Relationship to Summer Rainfall in China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Using the monthly mean NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the monthly rainfall observations at 160 rain gauge stations of China during 1961 1999, and based on major characteristics of the atmospheric circulation over East Asia and the western Pacific, a simple index for the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon （EASSM） is defined. The relationship between this index and summer rainfall in China and associated circulation features are examined. A comparison is made between this index and other monsoon indices. The results indicate that the index defined herein is reflective of variations of both the thermal low pressure centered in Siberia and the subtropical ridge over the western Pacific. It epitomizes the intensity of the EASSM and the variability of summer rainfall along the Yangtze River. Analysis shows that the Siberian low has a greater effect on the rainfall than the subtropical ridge, suggesting that the summer rainfall variability over the eastern parts of China is to a large extent affected by anomalies of the atmospheric circulation and cold air development in the midlatitudes. Taking into account of the effects of both the Siberian low and the subtropical ridge can better capture the summer rainfall anomalies of China. The index exhibits interannual and decadal variabilities, with high-index values occurring mainly in the 1960s and 1970s and low-index values in the 1980s and 1990s. When the EASSM index is low, the Siberian low and the subtropical ridge are weaker, and northerly wind anomalies appear at low levels over the midlatitudes and subtropics of East Asia, whereas southwesterly wind anomalies dominate in the upper troposphere over the tropics and subtropics of Asia and the western Pacific. The northerly wind anomalies bring about frequent cold air disturbances from the midlatitudes of East Asia, strengthening the convergence and ascending motions along the Meiyu front, and result in an increase of summer rainfall over the Yangtze River. 相似文献
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Improving multi-model ensemble probabilistic prediction of Yangtze River valley summer rainfall 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Seasonal prediction of summer rainfall over the Yangtze River valley(YRV) is valuable for agricultural and industrial production and freshwater resource management in China, but remains a major challenge. Earlier multi-model ensemble(MME) prediction schemes for summer rainfall over China focus on single-value prediction, which cannot provide the necessary uncertainty information, while commonly-used ensemble schemes for probability density function(PDF) prediction are not adapted to YRV summer rainfall prediction. In the present study, an MME PDF prediction scheme is proposed based on the ENSEMBLES hindcasts. It is similar to the earlier Bayesian ensemble prediction scheme, but with optimization of ensemble members and a revision of the variance modeling of the likelihood function. The optimized ensemble members are regressed YRV summer rainfall with factors selected from model outputs of synchronous 500-h Pa geopotential height as predictors. The revised variance modeling of the likelihood function is a simple linear regression with ensemble spread as the predictor. The cross-validation skill of 1960–2002 YRV summer rainfall prediction shows that the new scheme produces a skillful PDF prediction, and is much better-calibrated, sharper, and more accurate than the earlier Bayesian ensemble and raw ensemble. 相似文献
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An Effective Approach for Improving the Real-Time Prediction of Summer Rainfall over China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LANG Xian-Mei 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(2):75-80
This paper has two purposes. One is to evaluate the ability of an atmospheric general circulation model (IAP9L-AGCM) to predict summer rainfall over China one season in advance. The other is to propose a new approach to improve the predictions made by the model. First, a set of hindcast experiments for summer climate over China during 1982-2010 are performed from the perspective of real-time prediction with the IAP9L-AGCM model and the IAP ENSO prediction system. Then a new approach that effectively combines the hind-cast with its correction is proposed to further improve the model’s predictive ability. A systematic evaluation reveals that the model’s real-time predictions for 41 stations across China show significant improvement using this new approach, especially in the lower reaches between the Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys. 相似文献
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A Bayesian probabilistic prediction scheme of the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) summer rainfall is proposed to combine forecast information from multi-model ensemble dataset provided by ENSEMBLES project.Due to the low forecast skill of rainfall in dynamic models,the time series of regressed YRV summer rainfall are selected as ensemble members in the new scheme,instead of commonly-used YRV summer rainfall simulated by models.Each time series of regressed YRV summer rainfall is derived from a simple linear regression.The predictor in each simple linear regression is the skillfully simulated circulation or surface temperature factor which is highly linear with the observed YRV summer rainfall in the training set.The high correlation between the ensemble mean of these regressed YRV summer rainfall and observation benefit extracting more sample information from the ensemble system.The results show that the cross-validated skill of the new scheme over the period of 1960 to 2002 is much higher than equally-weighted ensemble,multiple linear regression,and Bayesian ensemble with simulated YRV summer rainfall as ensemble members.In addition,the new scheme is also more skillful than reference forecasts (random forecast at a 0.01 significance level for ensemble mean and climatology forecast for probability density function). 相似文献
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使用1951—2002年前期（1—5月）北太平洋海温场月平均资料，运用合成分析、多因变量方差分析、判别分析及相关分析方法，探讨我国汛期雨带类型与前期北太平洋海温的时空分布关系。分析表明:尽管汛期各雨带类型对应着前期不同的海温距平场，但它们之间只有部分海域存在显著性差异，且在1月表现最显著。各雨带类型对应海温距平场显著差异关键区主要位于北太平洋的南北海域，即北部中高纬亲潮附近（40°~50°N, 160°E~180°），北太平洋西风漂流区（30°~40°N，175°~145°W）及南部近赤道太平洋中部（10°S~0°, 175°~145°W），且南北海温呈反相关关系。将海温关键区作为判别因子，对雨带类型进行判别分析表明:用多个海温关键区作为判别因子建立的判别方程，其判别准确率比仅用某一海温关键区或海温区之间的和差简单定义的指数作为判别因子建立的判别方程判别准确率高，说明我国东部汛期降水型的分布与多个海温关键区的综合作用是密切相关的。进一步分析判别方程定义的1月海温判别指数与前期高度场和夏季副热带高压各特征量的相关关系表明，该指数对我国汛期雨带类型影响的可能途径是:一是造成大气环流异常，特别是北太平洋涛动的异常，并形成PNA大气遥相关型，从而引起我国汛期降水异常；二是造成西太平洋副热带高压的异常，主要是面积、强度和西伸脊点位置的异常，从而引起我国汛期降水异常。可见，冬季北太平洋海温南北异常与我国汛期雨带类型关系密切，且具有重要的天气气候学意义。 相似文献
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中国东部冬季降水的动力结合统计预测方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对中国东部6个气候关键区,首先,通过相关分析指出,冬季降水既与前期气候因子有关,又受同期大气环流的影响。因此,有必要采用动力与统计相结合的方法进行气候预测研究。然后,从实时预测的角度出发,综合考虑前期预测因子的观测信息和具有数值可预测性的同期气候因子的数值模式结果,使用多元线性回归分析方法就各区域平均冬季降水逐一建立了短期气候预测模型,并在预测模型中考虑了模型结果中系统误差的订正。交叉检验分析结果表明,所建立的各区域预测模型普遍具有较好的预测效果,预测优势主要表现在对冬季降水的变化趋势、年际变化、以及异常符号的预测准确率上。就6个区域平均而言,1982—2008年交叉检验结果与实况间的相关系数和距平同号率分别为0.69和78%,表明该预测思想具有可行性。 相似文献
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Previous studies have indicated a connection between interannual variations of the Indian and North China summer rainfall. An atmospheric circulation wave pattern over the mid-latitude Asia plays an important role in the connection. The present study compares the influence of the above-normal and below-normal Indian summer rainfall on the North China summer rainfall variations. Composite analysis shows that the mid-latitude Asian atmospheric circulation and the North China rainfall anomalies during summer tend to be anti-symmetric in above-normal and below-normal Indian rainfall years. Analysis indicates that the Indian-North China summer rainfall relation tends to be stronger when larger Indian rainfall anomaly occurs during a higher mean rainfall period. The observed long-term change in the Indian-North China summer rainfall relationship cannot be explained by the impact of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The present study evaluates the Indian-North China summer rainfall relationship in climate models. Analysis shows that the Indian-North China summer rainfall relationship differs largely among different climate models and among different simulations of a specific model. The relationship also displays obvious temporal variations in both individual and ensemble mean model simulations. This suggests an important role of the atmospheric internal variability in the change of the Indian-North China summer rainfall relationship. 相似文献
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A Hybrid Dynamical-Statistical Approach for Predicting Winter Precipitation over Eastern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LANG Xianmei 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(3):272-282
Correlation analysis revealed that winter precipitation in six regions of eastern China is closely related not only to preceding climate signals but also to synchronous atmospheric general circulation fields.It is therefore necessary to use a method that combines both dynamical and statistical predictions of winter precipitation over eastern China(herein after called the hybrid approach).In this connection,seasonal real-time prediction models for winter precipitation were established for the six regions.The models use both the preceding observations and synchronous numerical predictions through a multivariate linear regression analysis.To improve the prediction accuracy,the systematic error between the original regression model result and the corresponding observation was corrected.Cross-validation analysis and real-time prediction experiments indicate that the prediction models using the hybrid approach can reliably predict the trend,sign,and interannual variation of regionally averaged winter precipitation in the six regions of concern.Averaged over the six target regions,the anomaly correlation coefficient and the rate with the same sign of anomaly between the cross-validation analysis and observation during 1982-2008 are 0.69 and 78%,respectively.This indicates that the hybrid prediction approach adopted in this study is applicable in operational practice. 相似文献
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夏季气候异常的前期信号特征分析一直是短期气候预测工作的重点。利用1948—2004年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料、1961—2004年云南124个站的月平均降水和1948—2003年英国Hadley中心的月平均海温资料, 分析了云南夏季旱涝的时空特征, 探讨了云南夏季旱涝与前期大气环流和大气热力状态变化的关系, 发现云南夏季旱涝前冬12月—1月, 特别是1月东亚中高纬度地区的大气环流变化和赤道附近高低层大气的热力状态对云南夏季旱涝有重要的指示意义, 当前冬东亚大槽强 (弱), 冬季风强 (弱), 赤道附近高低层大气温度偏低 (高) 时, 后期云南夏季降水偏多 (少)。同时, 初步探讨了东亚冬夏季风环流变化的相互联系及热带海温变化的可能影响, 指出冬季到夏季印度洋和赤道西太平洋地区持续的海温异常有可能通过改变夏季海陆的热力对比, 进而影响夏季风活动和云南夏季降水的变化。 相似文献