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1.
利用2013年8月北京C波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达体扫数据、探空资料和地面雨量站资料,获得反射率因子垂直廓线（vertical profile of reflectivity,VPR）识别零度层亮带,比较平均反射率因子垂直廓线（mean VPR,MVPR）、显著反射率因子垂直廓线（apparent VPR,AVPR）和显著相关系数垂直廓线（apparent vertical profile of correlation coefficient,AVPCC）3种零度层亮带订正方法的效果,并利用地面雨量站资料进行定量降水估计（quantity precipitation estimation,QPE）验证订正效果。结果表明:采用MVPR和0℃层高度能有效识别零度层亮带,零度层亮带厚度为0.8~1.5 km;经3种方法订正后,零度层亮带影响区得到了不同程度的抑制,其中MVPR法订正效果最差,基本未能减弱零度层亮带的影响,AVPR法和AVPCC法的订正效果较好,明显减弱了零度层亮带影响区的回波强度,订正后回波更均匀。利用地面雨量站数据进行QPE验证表明:经零度层亮带订正后雷达估测的降水与地面雨量站实测降水更接近,也表明AVPR法和AVPCC法效果更好。 相似文献
2.
利用雷达反射率因子垂直廓线技术,对2010年4月29日广州地区一次较大范围内混合型降水过程进行了平均垂直廓线特征分析,并在此基础上对雷达定量降水估测进行了订正.结果表明,选定区域内雷达回波稳定少动,不同时段的垂直廓线的高低空变化均不大;在反射率因子垂直廓线中有一个极大值区为零度层亮带;在零度层亮带以上,反射率因子随高度增加迅速减小.进一步结合降水站点评估表明,直接利用雷达最低仰角估测的降水量偏低,而利用反射率因子垂直廓线技术订正后的降水估测的准确度提高,绝对误差率由订正前的28.9％下降到13.7％. 相似文献
3.
为了减轻雷达反射率因子数据中的亮带污染对雷达降水估计的影响,一种基于新一代天气雷达体扫资料自动识别零度层亮带平均高度、厚度和区域以及对亮带进行抑制的算法被提出。该算法首先利用近距离分层平均方法建立视反射率因子垂直廓线,然后基于亮带VPR曲线在融化层高度的显著弯曲特征来识别和抑制亮带。比较该方法识别的零度层亮带的平均高度和实测0℃等温层高度表明,前者比后者平均低0.5km。亮带的厚度大多在1～1.25km。亮带区域识别算法能合理地识别亮带反射率因子高值区,用经过亮带抑制后的体扫资料得到的组合反射率因子和反射率因子垂直剖面上的高值区被抑制掉,用经过抑制后的亮带区的所有反射率因子库建立的平均VPR在融化层高度的显著弯曲消失。通过亮带抑制后的雷达体扫资料将用于雷达降水估计。 相似文献
4.
石家庄地区反射率因子垂直廓线特征分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用自动雨量计数据整理成的10 min一次的雨量资料和s波段多普勒天气雷达体积扫描强度数据,对石家庄地区2004～2007年4次天气过程的实时雷达反射率因子垂直廓线的特征进行了分析.结果表明:层状云和混合性降水反射率因子垂直廓线有明显的零度层亮带;短时强降水过程的反射率因子垂直廓线不存在零度层亮带.冰雹过程中反射率凼子垂直廓线变化较大,降雹前反射率因子的极大值在中上层,降雹发生时反射率因子的极大值高度下降,降雹后反射率因子的极大值减弱.降雪过程的反射率因子垂直廓线零度层亮带不明显.在石家庄西部山区,由于零度层亮带的影响.对层状云和混合性降水回波强度和降水量估计偏高.对短时强降水过程的地面降水估计用反射率因子垂直廓线的方法比最低仰角法更加准确,在均匀性降水中可较好地改善地面雨量估算结果,有利于在山区和无雨量计的地区判断强对流天气的发生、发展和估算降水量的大小. 相似文献
5.
层状云降水中,0 ℃层融化效应会引起雷达反射率因子局部增大,若不进行订正,则会高估雷达估测的降水.本文提出一种基于新一代天气雷达反射率因子垂直廓线的0 ℃层亮带自动识别与订正算法,以减小因亮带造成的降水高估.本研究首先对降水类型进行分类,在SHY95的基础上增加了垂直方向的反射率因子三维特征,避免亮带的反射率因子高值区被误识别为对流云区;其次,在层状云区识别出一个可能的亮带影响区,在其中查找亮带,采用旋转坐标系法精确的识别亮带的顶、底高度;最后,利用最小二乘法拟合亮带上、下层的斜率,平滑垂直廓线(VPR,Vertical Profile of Reflectivity)的显著突出部分.将该方法应用于北京地区2010—2011年10次包含亮带的降水过程,得到的亮带订正后的均方根误差ERMS、平均绝对误差ERMA、平均相对误差BRM值较初值均有显著减小(分别减小1.538 mm,0.417和0.468).结果表明,该方法能够有效地识别与订正亮带,使得定量测量降水精度有所提高. 相似文献
6.
在降水过程中,固态降水粒子下落穿越0℃等温线的融化效应会引起雷达反射率因子增大,产生亮带。文章基于北京房山地区的边界层风廓线雷达的探测资料,对2014年8—10月四次典型的层状云降水和以层状云为主的混合性降水过程进行特征统计,提出了适用于该季节、该地区的0℃层亮带自动识别订正算法,并使用这种算法对一次层状云为主的混合性降水天气过程进行了识别研究,通过与探空资料、多普勒天气雷达资料的对比检验,结果表明该算法可以有效识别该季节、该地区的0℃层亮带,通过亮带订正,融化区的回波强度高值区得到了有效抑制,原亮带高度附近回波强度廓线的显著弯曲消失,融化区之外的回波强度基本没有变化。 相似文献
7.
使用热带测雨卫星（TRMM）搭载的测雨雷达（PR）2004-2014年长达11 a的连续观测资料对青藏高原东南缘川渝地区不同季节不同降水类型的垂直结构特征进行了统计分析,并建立了相应的气候态反射率垂直廓线（Vertical Profiles of Reflectivity,简称VPR）。结果表明,由于不同的微物理及动力过程,降水类型对反射率垂直廓线的结构特征影响很大,90%的层云0℃层亮带峰值强度低于32 dBz,50%的对流云最大反射率强度超过35 dBz。降水类型及强度均对反射率垂直廓线的形状影响很大,层云系统发生中及大雨时其冰雪区的聚合反应效率明显较发生小雨时高。反射率垂直廓线特征参数具有一定的区域性和季节特征,且地表加热和地形高度的作用会加强上升气流对反射率垂直廓线形态的影响,上升气流的强度影响着冰雪及雨水区的碰并增长率以及低层的蒸发作用,从而进一步影响低层雨区的反射率垂直廓线斜率,边界层的相对湿度是另一个影响雨区反射率垂直廓线斜率及蒸发率的重要因素。星载测雨雷达的云分类算法在青藏高原东南缘地区受到一定的挑战,仍有改进的空间;未来可以将基于星载测雨雷达建立气候态层云典型反射率垂直廓线应用于联合地基天气雷达网观测以弥补后者在复杂地形条件下探测范围及能力受限的缺陷,从而改进雷达定量降水估测的误差。 相似文献
8.
回波强度垂直廓线与雷达定量估测降水的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了分析不同高度回波强度与地面降水的关系,提高雷达定量估测降水的能力,本文对石家庄2006~2008年5~9月共77次降水过程的反射率因子垂直廓线(VPR)进行了统计分析。对比降水实况和VPR发现,各个高度层的反射率因子波峰(谷)同降水波峰(谷)相一致,而且降水强度越大,反射率因子核心高度越低。同时,还比较了距离雷达站不同的水平距离和不同海拔高度的反射率因子特征,发现海拔高度对5 mm/h以下降水率和垂直高度在4 km以下各层的反射率因子会造成一定的影响,而对强降水和高层反射率因子影响较小。另外,零度层亮带在VPR上表现出反射率因子增大的特征,影响降水估测效果。为了消除零度层亮带的影响,选取1.5~3.5 km为估测降水的最佳高度范围,各站具体选取高度则取决于其距雷达站的水平距离和海拔高度。 相似文献
9.
多普勒雷达实时反射率因子垂直廓线观测研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
使用2002年6～7月长江中游地区宜昌S波段多普勒雷达在两次大范围混合性强降水过程中部分时段体积扫描强度数据以及周边100km范围内的7个雨量计整理成10min记录一次的雨量资料，分析了实时雷达反射率因子垂直廓线的特征。研究表明：反射率因子垂直廓线可反映出所选区域上空零度层亮带高度位置、回波的垂直变化规律等信息，以此分析降水的类型、云中粒子的发展变化；从雷达连续体扫得到的中、低仰角对应高度上的实时反射率因子垂直廓线的变化规律、PPI图像上对应雨量站点上空的回波变化情况及10min记录一次的地面雨量的变化趋势对比来看，发现三者能很好地统一起来，可用来较细致地分析降水云体的变化，有利于在无地面雨量计的地区分析降水量的大小、确定降水类型、估测降水的发展；对无亮带、反射率因子值较大而且越低仰角值越大的反射率因子垂直廓线的区域，对应地面上常有对流性强降水出现。 相似文献
10.
该文介绍了2004年完成的在北京市气象局升级改造后的3836C波段双线偏振多普勒雷达的技术状况, 并通过对2004年11月9日北京地区一次大范围层状云降水观测资料的分析, 讨论了其探测资料的质量情况和对降水粒子的探测性能, 同时还根据零度层亮带内不同相态降水粒子的散射和空间取向等特征建立了一种利用双线偏振雷达观测资料识别零度层亮带的方法, 并利用该雷达的观测资料对识别结果做分析检验, 最后讨论了零度层亮带内各种降水粒子相态的变化规律。研究结果表明:除线性退极化比LDR未作分析外, 3836雷达探测到的这次降雨过程的分析结果与国外双线偏振雷达的研究结果相似, 其对降水粒子相态结构的反映比较有效合理。建立的零度层亮带识别模式合理, 识别得到的结果能反映零度层亮带的特征。通过对零度层亮带内各偏振参数的变化特点分析, 从双偏振雷达测量参数的角度解释了“零度层亮带”现象的形成是由于在零度层以下的冰相粒子融化成大雨滴然后再裂碎为小雨滴, 从而造成在该层内水平偏振反射率因子ZH、差分反射率因子ZDR先增大后减小、水平/垂直偏振波零延迟相关系数ρhv (0) 先减小后增大的规律。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献