共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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本文利用江苏省１９８０－１９９２年土壤湿度资料，根据土壤水分平衡原理，运用运筹学中的优化技术，结合本省的自然条件和作物生长实际情况，计算出有效降水量，下层水补给量，建立了旱地农田水盈亏的计算模式。 相似文献
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根据近40a本溪地区气象资料，利用彭曼综合方法和农田土壤水分平衡原理，计算出土壤可能蒸散量和土壤水分盈亏量，并依据干旱指数分析并揭示了本溪地区干旱发生的规律。 相似文献
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以简化农田实际蒸散的计算过程为目的，利用1999年河北定兴县中国气象科学研究院农业气象试验基地的玉米田0~300 cm土壤湿度和气象要素的实测资料以及华北地区5个站1991~1995年0~50 cm土壤湿度和气象资料，探讨由简化参考蒸散模式计算玉米田实际蒸散的可能性；对比了Priestley-Taylor模式和FAO（1998）Penman-Menteith模式的计算结果，以农田试验资料为基础，采用叶面积系数和平均土壤相对湿度为因子，建立了实际蒸散的计算模式。并以华北地区8个站1999~2000年0~50 cm土壤湿度和气象资料进行验证，平均误差一般为10%~15%. 相似文献
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为研究在同一气候背景下气象观测场与农田两地土壤湿度之间的互可代替使用关系,对2006—2008年在宿州市气象观测场和农田内开展的3年土壤湿度平行对比监测试验所获取的每旬一次两地土壤湿度监测数据,采用对比差值率、相关性分析等数理统计手段,研究分析了两地不同季节不同深度的土壤湿度之间的关系。结果表明：春、夏、秋、冬4季气象观测场地与农田的土壤湿度具有一致性,均为统计正相关。春季,取土日前有降水时,气象观测场地与农田的土壤湿度的差异高于取土日前无降水时的差异。夏季,气象观测场地与农田0～30 cm土层之间的 相似文献
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将渭河平原的大气降水、地表径流、地下水作为水资源并与作物需水量进行对比，得出水分盈亏量。说明渭河平原大部分地方为缺水区。 相似文献
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Satellite Monitoring of the Surface Water and
Energy Budget in the Central Tibetan Plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The water and energy cycle in the Tibetan Plateau is an important component of Monsoon Asia and the global energy and water cycle. Using data at a CEOP （Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period）-Tibet site, this study presents a first-order evaluation on the skill of weather forecasting from GCMs and satellites in producing precipitation and radiation estimates. The satellite data, together with the satellite leaf area index, are then integrated into a land data assimilation system （LDAS-UT） to estimate the soil moisture and surface energy budget on the Plateau. The system directly assimilates the satellite microwave brightness temperature, which is strongly affected by soil moisture but not by cloud layers, into a simple biosphere model. A major feature of this system is a dual-pass assimilation technique, which can auto-calibrate model parameters in one pass and estimate the soil moisture and energy budget in the other pass. The system outputs, including soil moisture, surface temperature, surface energy partition, and the Bowen ratio, are compared with observations, land surface models, the Global Land Data Assimilation System, and four general circulation models. The results show that this satellite data-based system has a high potential for a reliable estimation of the regional surface energy budget on the Plateau. 相似文献
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Consistent responses of East Asian summer mean rainfall to global warming in CMIP5 simulations 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
East Asia summer rainfall is of great social–economic importance. Based on observations, reanalysis and simulations of 16 Coupled Models Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, the responses of East Asia summer precipitation, as well as some relevant features, to global warming are investigated. The CMIP5 historical simulation reasonably reproduces the climatology of summer rainfall, the associated circulation, the moisture and its transportation, and the mid-troposphere horizontal advection of temperature as well. Under global warming, the rainfall enhancement is robustly projected in the state-of-the-art models over North China, Northeast China, northern coast of Japan and the Kuroshio. As well, the total summer rainfall over East Asia is consistently increased in the models. For the consistent responses, the moisture budget analysis based on the simulations shows that two factors are responsible: one is increased moisture. As East Asia is a climatological ascent region in northern summer, increased moisture induced by global warming leads to more moisture transported upward and thus the rainfall rise. The other is enhanced evaporation, which may be caused by surface warming and provides more precipitable water to the atmosphere column. Furthermore, the results may provide some implications to the long-term variability of East Asia summer rainfall over the last several decades. 相似文献
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Moisture transport over the Arabian Sea associated with summer rainfall over Pakistan in 1994 and 2002 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this study,we aimed to elucidate the critical role of moisture transport affecting monsoon activity in two contrasting summers over the Arabian Sea during the years 1994,a relatively wet year,and 2002,a relatively dry year.A comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and comparisons of the moisture fields were conducted;we focused on the precipitation and evaporation as well as the moisture transport and its divergence or convergence in the atmosphere.Monthly mean reanalysis data were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP-I and-II).A detailed evaluation of the moisture budgets over Pakistan during these two years was made by calculating the latent energy flux at the surface(E P) from the divergence of the total moisture transport.Our results confirm the moisture supply over the Arabian Sea to be the major source of rainfall in Pakistan and neighboring regions.In 1994,Pakistan received more rainfall compared to 2002 during the summer monsoon.Moisture flow deepens and strengthens over Arabian Sea during the peak summer monsoon months of July and August.Our analysis shows that vertically integrated moisture transport flux have a significant role in supplying moisture to the convective centers over Pakistan and neighboring regions from the divergent regions of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.Moreover,in 1994,a deeper vertically integrated moisture convergence progression occurred over Pakistan compared to that in 2002.Perhaps that deeper convergence resulted in a more intense moisture depression over Pakistan and also caused more rainfall in 1994 during the summer monsoon.Finally,from the water budget analysis,it has been surmised that the water budget was larger in 1994 than in 2002 during the summer monsoon. 相似文献
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Jean-François Mahfouf 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1990,53(3):201-222
A simple land surface parameterization scheme previously validated at the daily time scale is studied for monthly periods using the HAPEX-MOBILHY data set. For a set of six locations, the scheme reproduces with good accuracy two components of the surface water budget (evaporation and soil moisture depletion) when the observed rainfall rate at the ground surface is specified. For two sites where the superficial soil moisture content has been measured, the model provides a reasonable evolution for this quantity. The validation has been completed by examining the screen-level temperature and relative humidity. The agreement with observations is fair, except when the local properties of the site strongly differ from those of the surroundings. 相似文献
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据2001年秋季人工增雨资料，结合历年秋季降水资料，从秋雨春用、影响地下水位涵养、青海湖水量盈亏等方面分析了秋季人工增雨的综合效益；并着重分析了秋季降水与环湖地区土壤水分贮量以及第二年春季环湖天然草场土壤墒情、牧草返青时间、生长状况及产量的关系。分析表明：秋季降水越多，环湖区土壤水分贮存量越多，翌年土壤墒情越好、牧草返青越早且牧草产量越高。 相似文献
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基于2008~2019年青海地质灾害的灾情记录和CLDAS融合数据,分析青海高原滑坡、泥石流和崩塌等气象地质灾害的时空分布,研究诱发气象地质灾害的降水量和土壤湿度变化特征,确定了灾害预警条件。结果表明:近12a青海高原气象地质灾害共发生了23次,灾害易发区在西宁市、海南州、黄南州和玉树州,7月是气象地质灾害发生次数最多的月份。有效降水量和土壤湿度是气象地质灾害的重要影响因子,灾害预警条件为:当天及前一天有效降水量之和达到10mm或持续有效降水量达到18mm,并同时满足0~10cm和10~40cm的土壤体积含水量差值≤0.03mm3/mm3或其中一个深度的土壤体积含水量≥0.27mm3/mm3。 相似文献
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Summary Water stored in the soil serves as a reservoir for the evapotranspiration (ET) process on land surfaces, therefore knowledge of the soil moisture content is important for partitioning the incoming solar radiation into latent and sensible heat components. There is no remote sensing technique which directly observes the amount of water in this reservoir, however microwave remote sensing at long wavelengths (>10 cm) can give estimates of the moisture stored in the surface 5-cm layer of the soil. This approach is based on the large dielectric contrast between water and dry soil, resulting in emissivity changes from 0.96 for a dry smooth soil to less than 0.6.In this paper, basic relationships between soil moisture and emissivity are described using both theory and observations from various platforms. The ability of the approach to be extended to large regions has been demonstrated in several aircraft mapping experiments, e.g., FIFE, Monsoon 90, Washita 92 and HAPEX Sahel. Some results from Monsoon 90 are presented here. Applications of these soil moisture maps in runoff prediction, rainfall estimation, determining the direct evaporation from the soil surface and serving as a boundary condition for soil profile models are presented.With 10 Figures 相似文献
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西南季风与登陆台风耦合的暴雨增幅诊断及其数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以登陆内陆后维持时间长、暴雨增幅的热带气旋＂碧利斯＂（0604）为研究对象,利用＂CMA-STI＂热带气旋最佳路径数据集、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及地面加密观测资料,讨论了西南季风与登陆台风耦合的暴雨增幅,分析了台风涡旋周围的水汽收支特征,发现净西风、净南风输送为暴雨提供了充足的水汽,在＂碧利斯＂登陆大陆减弱西行的过程中,西南季风对登陆台风的维持和暴雨增幅有重要影响。利用WRF（weather research and forecasting）模式模拟＂碧利斯＂登陆后的降水表明,该模式能够较好地模拟降水强度和暴雨落区,模拟路径与台风实际路径走向大体一致,但存在一定偏差;季风涌爆发时,台风中心南侧降水出现明显增幅。敏感性试验结果表明,降水强度对水汽输送大小较敏感,水汽输送减弱致使降水强度明显减弱,可见西南季风的水汽输送对暴雨的影响至关重要。 相似文献