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1.
为了解飞机观测气象资料(AMDAR资料)的可用性,推进AMDAR资料在湖南气象预报业务中的应用,对2013年5月至2016年12月的AMDAR资料时空分布特征进行了分析,并参考美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)提供的AMDAR资料质量控制方法,对AMDAR气温资料进行质量控制,并在此基础上对湖南范围内的AMDAR气温资料和常规高空观测气温资料(长沙、怀化、郴州)进行了对比分析。结果表明:我国AMDAR资料主要分布在100 h Pa气压层以下,起飞和降落阶段资料约占68. 75%。AMDAR气温资料数据质量稳定,气温疑误率低于0. 13%。在对比样本上,AMDAR观测气温(t_a)与常规高空观测气温(ts)存在非常显著相关性,相关系数为0. 9966,均方根误差为1. 065℃,AMDAR观测气温平均偏低0. 13℃,差值呈准正态分布,且73. 76%的差值在-1~1℃。AMDAR观测气温与常规高空观测气温的差值分布与飞行状态和飞行高度相关,上升状态AMDAR气温偏高,下降状态AMDAR气温偏低。500 h Pa高度以下,样本飞行状态多为下降,t_a较ts平均偏低0. 25℃; 500h Pa高度以上,样本飞行状态多为上升和平飞,t_a较ts平均偏高0. 03℃。 相似文献
2.
通过分析2009年3月至2010年2月小百叶箱观测温度与自动站大百叶箱的温度发现:月、年平均温度均是小百叶箱内观测值普遍低于大百叶箱观测值,但差值较小,多数在0.2℃以内.平均最高温度差值略大,最大值为0.4℃,冬季差异大.月极端温度差值大且不稳定,差值有正有负,均在正负1℃之内.日极端温度差值比较集中,最高温度主要分布在-0.65～0.14℃,最低温度在-0.4～0.02℃.温度日变化趋势非常一致,温度变化平缓时两者基本重合;剧烈变化时,大百叶箱内升温快,降温也快.一日内降温阶段差值为正,升温阶段,差值为负,差值最大的时间在上午09:00-12:00.无论在多云和少云,还是高风速和低风速条件下,两种百叶箱内测量的气温差值普遍在0.2℃以内. 相似文献
3.
自动气象观测与人工观测气温差异分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用陕西省96个气象站2004--2007年自动与人工平行观测的气温资料,分析陕西全省和不同自然区人工与自动观测气温的差异及引起差异的原因。结果表明：自动观测比人工观测的日平均气温平均偏高0．03℃,标准差为0．26℃。78．6％的样本月平均气温对比差值在0．2℃之内,在不同自然区自动与人工观测气温对比差值在0．2。c之间的百分率基本相同。气温对比差值的日、月变化规律明显,自动与人工观测时间不同步对定时值有一定影响。但对气候分析没有影响,自动观测仪器性能不稳定会造成较大的数据偏差。 相似文献
4.
四川自动与人工观测气温的差异分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用四川135个站自动与人工第2年平行观测气温资料,就自动与人工观测的气温的差异、引起差异的原因进行了分析。结果表明:气温各项目的自动观测比人工观测平均偏高,平均差值基本在0.2℃以内;气温、日最高、日最低的自动与人工观测比较,差值在±0.2℃之间的分别占58.71%、51.58%、62.68%,自动与人工观测值一致的分别占15.07%、12.16%、14.78%;自动与人工观测气温之间的对比差值存在明显的日变化,无明显的季节性和地域性差异;两种观测体制在观测时间上、观测方式上、测温传感器安装位置上,以及感应元件和测温原理的不同、仪器误差、热滞效应,都会造成观测结果出现差异。 相似文献
5.
利用四川135个站自动与人工第2年平行观测气温资料,就自动与人工观测的气温的差异、引起差异的原因进行了分析。结果表明：气温各项目的自动观测比人工观测平均偏高,平均差值基本在0．2℃以内;气温、日最高、日最低的自动与人工观测比较,差值在±0．2℃之间的分别占58．71％、51．58％、62．68％,自动与人工观测值一致的分别占15．07％、12．16％、14．78％;自动与人工观测气温之间的对比差值存在明显的日变化,无明显的季节性和地域性差异;两种观测体制在观测时间上、观测方式上、测温传感器安装位置上,以及感应元件和测温原理的不同、仪器误差、热滞效应,都会造成观测结果出现差异。 相似文献
6.
甘肃临夏人工与自动气象站气温观测差异对比及均一性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
自动气象站因其监控、观测、采集、存储资料方面的诸多优势,已成为今后我国地面气象观测的发展主流,并将逐步取代人工观测。人工观测和自动站之间不可避免地存在着观测差异,这种差异对历史气象资料的延续性提出了挑战,并将深刻影响大气科学研究和业务应用。因此,对比分析2个观测系统之间的观测差异及均一性是非常必要的。结果表明,临夏气象站2种观测数据序列中,平均气温的平均差异为-0．35℃,差值变幅为0．22～-1．56℃;最高气温的差异变幅为0．01～0．31℃;最低气温的差异大,变幅不稳定,其中1～3月差异变幅为-2．12～-3．05℃,其余月份差异变幅为0．05～-0．57℃。自动站日平均气温和最低气温系统性偏低于人工观测值,最高气温反之。在分析2个数据序列差异的基础上,建立了各季的气温订正方程。订正后2个序列的差值减小,尤其最大偏差显著减小,效果良好。 相似文献
7.
自动站与人工站气温观测资料分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对河南省65个自动站在2年平行观测期间人工站与自动站气温（平均、最高、最低）观测资料的差值平均值、差值标准差进行综合分析,得出以下结论：自动站观测值比人工站观测值整体偏低,但差值集中在-0．4～0．4之间。所以自动观测代替人工观测后,对河南省气温长期观测资料的序列没有太大的影响。排除引起数据变化异常的主、客观原因后,自动站与人工站气温观测资料一致性良好。 相似文献
8.
利用143个国家基准站2002—2010年自动与人工逐日平行观测资料进行对比分析,评估自动观测与人工观测气温的差异,着重分析两者存在的较大差异及其发生原因,并利用惩罚最大t检验（PMT）方法结合台站元数据中自动观测仪器变化信息,客观评价自动观测对气温序列均一性的影响。结果表明：(1) 51.29%、54.14%、67.18%的自动观测日平均、日最高、日最低气温大于人工观测值,差值在±0.2℃之间的百分率分别为78.8%、63.1%、60.9%,平均对比差值分别为0.05、0.09、0.15℃,标准差为0.14、0.22和0.15℃,各气温要素的差值、绝对差值和标准差随自动观测时间的增长并无明显的增大或减小的趋势,且空间分布各有不同;(2)通过对对比差值、绝对差值、标准差的分类比较、逐步筛选发现,少数台站自动与人工观测值差异较大,对于采集自同一传感器的不同气温要素,平均、最高、最低气温的差值表现也不尽一致。经PMT检验,在平均气温、最高气温和最低气温的绝对差值最大的20个站中分别有35%的台站的月平均气温序列、35%的台站的月平均最高气温序列和25%的台站的月平均最低气温序列由于自动观测仪器变化引起序列的非均一;(3) 分析认为：温度传感器检定更换而导致的仪器示值误差变化会造成自动与人工观测对比差值跳变,而温度传感器或数据采集器等电子元器件的零点漂移会导致自动观测气温严重偏离人工观测值,这两种因素会导致自动与人工观测气温差异偏大,也是自动观测仪器变化导致气温序列产生非均一断点的可能原因。建议加强自动观测数据的监测与质量控制,增加观测仪器检定示值误差订正,并采取硬件、软件补偿等方法,实现温度零点补偿,尽可能地减小或消除仪器误差,提高自动观测资料的准确性。 相似文献
9.
为全面了解我国飞机观测气象资料的时空分布特征和质量状况,该文介绍了AMDAR(Aircraft MeteorologicalData Relay)计划的发展及我国通过AMDAR计划实施获取的飞机观测气象资料(又称AMDAR资料)的时空分布特征,分析了起飞和降落阶段飞机观测所获廓线资料的可用性,并分别对全球AMDAR资料和我国AMDAR资料进行极值检查、空间位置检验和时间一致性检验,对我国AMDAR资料错误率的月值变化和垂直分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:我国三分之二的AMDAR资料集中在飞机的起飞和降落阶段,并主要集中在我国中东部地区;利用我国AMDAR资料制作的廓线垂直分辨率大部分高于10 hPa。我国AMDAR资料的气温错误率低于全球水平,但风速错误率高于全球水平,错误资料主要集中在近地面层。从2008年开始,我国AMDAR资料的质量状况较往年有了明显改善,风速错误率一直维持在1.3%以下,气温错误率维持在0.2%以下。总体来说,我国AMDAR资料已成为我国高空气象观测资料的重要组成部分,资料质量稳定,具有较高的应用价值。 相似文献
10.
日平均计算方法对气温统计值的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了弄清不同日平均计算方法对气温统计值的影响,利用陕西6个基准站的定时气温资料分别进行24次观测与4次观测,以及4次与3次观测值计算所得日平均气温计算值的差异分析,并对1961-2010年的3次、4次、24次计算的年平均气温序列进行均一性的惩罚最大F检验(PMFT).结果表明:24次气温定时值计算的日平均气温均值高于4次值,平均差值为0.13℃,标准差为0.39℃,两者差值在秋季较大.4次比3次日平均气温值平均偏低0.14℃,标准差为0.85℃,一年中,夏季差值最大.不同次数的日平均气温计算方法可引起月、年平均气温值0.2℃甚至以上的升降.24次气温值的使用可以使单站的气温增暖速率提高0.03～0.04℃/10a.但日平均气温计算方法的改变不会造成气温序列的非均一. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献