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一次四川盆地低涡型特大暴雨过程分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《干旱气象》2015,(5)
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和地面加密自动站、实况探空资料及FY-2E的TBB资料,分析2013年6月29日至7月2日四川盆地特大暴雨过程持续时间久、强度强的原因。结果表明:(1)本次盆地暴雨属于低涡型暴雨过程,高原低涡和西南低涡是这次持续性特大暴雨过程的直接影响系统,有利的环流场引导高原低涡及西南低涡东移并形成阻塞,使其稳定在盆地;(2)西南急流的建立及维持为降水区提供了大量的水汽和不稳定能量,并使得中尺度系统得以维持和发展;(3)强烈的高空辐散以及高原低涡和西南低涡共同作用,使得盆地低层正涡度维持并形成上升气流柱,这是强降水发展维持的重要条件;(4)盆地低涡的持续维持诱发了中小尺度云团稳定加强,遂宁站的小时雨强与其对应TBB低值有很好的对应关系;(5)从乐至附近不断产生的强回波单体发展并向东北方向移动,在遂宁一带形成强回波带,形成的类似"列车效应"是造成遂宁地区产生特大暴雨的主要原因。并且强回波带中中气旋的长时间存在意味着对流系统不会很快消弱。 相似文献
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等熵位涡在一次淮河流域大暴雨分析中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°逐日再分析资料、常规气象观测资料,通过等熵位涡理论对淮河流域2009年9月24—25日的大暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:淮河流域对流层低层的中尺度低涡的发生发展与此次暴雨密切相关;315 K等熵位涡高值中心的移动和强度变化很好地反映出中尺度低涡系统的发展变化情况,其移动方向与雨带走向一致,降水落区主要位于等熵位涡高值中心轴线移动方向右侧的强西南气流处,对应于345 K等熵面上干冷空气移动方向前部的暖湿区内;在暴雨发展强盛时期,淮河流域暴雨区上空从对流层高层至低层均存在明显的正等熵位涡平流,干冷空气的侵入使得低涡加强发展,辐合上升运动增强,有利于暴雨的增幅,这是引发此次暴雨过程重要的触发机制。 相似文献
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利用NCAR/NCEP逐日再分析资料,对浙北地区2008年6月9—11日大暴雨过程进行等熵位涡分析。结果表明:等熵面上的位涡(IζP)演变反映了暴雨区的移动及西南急流的发展。暴雨区主要位于位涡高值中心的东南侧,对应西南气流发展最强处,而位涡中心降水却不明显。当高位涡中心区南压影响后,强降水结束。通过垂直剖面图可看到,等熵面上的西北急流将高层的高等熵位涡向东向下输送,当浙北地区处于正IζP平流控制下时,强降水发生,当其处于负IζP平流控制时,强降水结束。同时,逆向的Ferrel环流圈的形成,为30°N附近强降水的产生与维持提供了有利的条件。 相似文献
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一次区域暴雨过程综合诊断分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用NCEP 1°×1°的6h再分析资料对2008年7月22日河南省南阳市的区域性暴雨天气进行了综合诊断分析,结果表明：此次暴雨过程是中低层的西南涡在高空急流的引导下,沿着河套高压与副高之间的辐合带移出造成的。降雨的水汽供应主要来自对流层中低层,且水汽强辐合出现在强降雨前。随着对流活动的发展,水汽通量和水汽辐合都向高层发展,湿层明显增厚。在整个降雨过程中,700hPa垂直螺旋度正值中心的位置和强度与西南涡的移动和强弱变化有很好的对应关系,垂直螺旋度正值长轴区与切变线辐合区相吻合,在某种程度上能反映出西南涡的移动和强度的演变;垂直螺旋度强弱的变化与暴雨强度变化基本一致。高层辐散、低层辐合的大气垂直结构能增强大气的抽吸作用,促进垂直上升运动的发展,反之,抑制垂直上升运动,降雨减弱。上、下层负、正垂直螺旋度耦合的结构对暴雨的发生和维持非常有利。在雷达速度PPI上,逆风区的出现预示着局地强降雨的产生。 相似文献
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2005年6月18-12日浙南持续性梅雨锋暴雨过程诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP1°×1°的6h再分析资料、常规观测资料和逐小时加密雨量资料,对2005年6月18-22日浙江省中南部地区出现的一次持续性梅雨锋暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：此次持续性梅雨锋暴雨过程是在两槽一脊的大环流形势下,由中低层切变、西南涡和冷空气共同影响造成的;过程具有明显的中尺度特征,12个中尺度雨团的持续生成东移导致了暴雨的发生。正涡度大值中心值的强度和中尺度雨团的强弱以及暴雨落区有较好的对应关系;垂直速度以及垂直螺旋度的强弱和中尺度雨团的强度变化一致。急流核的出现导致水汽辐合明显加强．从暴雨区和急流核的位置配置来看,暴雨区出现在急流核的左侧。 相似文献
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选取4次伊犁河谷、天山北坡暴雨天气过程,利用地面逐时降水、常规、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析及地基GPS遥感的大气水汽总量资料(GPS-PWV),通过合成分析方法得到暴雨期间大气环流的基本配置,阐明了伊犁河谷、天山北坡地区强降水期间环流形势及水汽输送的异同,结果表明:(1)强降水过程中暴雨区上空200 h Pa强辐散气流、500 h Pa槽前正涡度平流、西南气流利于垂直运动的发展,低层偏西、偏东和偏北气流为暴雨区提供水汽和不稳定能量,低层辐合、高层辐散,配合地形辐合抬升,上升运动进一步增强,造成强降水发生;(2)深厚的西西伯利亚低涡低槽系统移速缓慢,停滞时间长,造成强降水前暴雨站增湿时间更长,比较发现强降水发生前暴雨站GPS-PWV均存在1~3 d的增湿过程,暴雨期间测站GPS出现明显跃变,峰值可达到气候平均值的2倍左右;(3)GPS大气可降水量的演变与大尺度的水汽输送、聚集有较好的对应关系,但GPS高值区并不代表降水大值区,还应和动力热力等条件综合判断降水的强弱。 相似文献
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利用ERA-interim再分析资料和国家自动站观测资料,分析了四川盆地2020年8月10日~14日一次持续性强降水过程的特征及成因。结果表明:天气尺度系统的有效配合给此次暴雨过程提供了有利的环流背景,在冷空气及西南水汽的汇聚下,触发此次持续性强降水,整个过程可分为4个阶段,降水带自盆地西部向东移动;各暴雨区在强降水时刻,低层正涡度、负散度的强辐合,高层负涡度、正散度的强辐散抽吸作用均利于大气的上升运动,给持续强降水提供动力条件;相较于第二、三阶段,第一、四阶段的涡度、散度及垂直速度数值明显偏小,使得累计降水量偏少;各阶段降水过程的强降水中心、水汽辐合、上升运动区均位于中、低层低值系统（高原低涡、西南低涡、切变线）的东南侧;第二阶段降水过程中较强的水汽辐合及整层大气一致且极强的上升运动将水汽抬升输送至对流层中高层,导致该阶段累计降水量最大。 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°和2.5°×2.5°再分析资料、FY—2E相当黑体亮温TBB资料和区域自动站逐时降水资料,结合新型辐散方程,对2010年6月28日贵州省关岭县一次特大暴雨天气的发生和维持机制进行了诊断分析。结果表明:(1)大气运动非平衡强迫使贵州西部地区出现辐合增长,激发了该区域暴雨天气的产生;(2)能量锋生与垂直风切变的耦合强迫,促进了贵州西部地区辐合的持续增长,使暴雨得以维持;(3)对流层中低层湿位涡水平分量与垂直涡度耦合,其负值中心与地面强降水中心相对应,随后中尺度对流复合体(MCC)云团北侧出现了新生单体,第二轮暴雨随即发生并维持。 相似文献
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一次西南低涡特大暴雨的中尺度对流云团特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
针对2007年7月8～10日四川盆地南部的特大暴雨天气过程,利用逐小时红外云顶黑体亮度温度结合地面加密雨量资料对其进行了对比分析。分析指出此次特大暴雨是由西南低涡内几个中尺度对流云团连续生消造成的,在其开始阶段有一中尺度对流复合体沿基本气流方向强烈发展,此阶段云团虽发展旺盛,但由于雨团随系统移动较快,并未造成洪灾。此云团减弱后,低涡环流仍维持并少动,又依次触发了3个中尺度对流的生成,这3个中尺度对流云团逆基本气流向SSW方向缓慢移动,造成的降水落区集中,中心雨强大,持续时间长,由此导致了暴雨洪涝的产生。强降水位置对于前向传播系统,一是在其发展的前端,二是在冷云中心的略偏后的位置,最大雨强出现在云团成熟之前发展最剧烈时,而后向传播的低涡云团强降水主要在冷云中心附近,最大雨强出现在云团发展最旺盛（冷云中心TBB最低）时。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献