共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
中国气候资料站网均匀化订正的一种方案及应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
定义了中国160站站网不均匀性的两个度量参数—站域面积和站网密度。在给定球冠区面积S0=50×104km2下求得了它们的值,并论证了其合理性。用它们构造了第一类权重函数,将该权重函数应用于中国160站站网1、4、7、10月气温的全国气候平均值及均方差值的计算,得到了合理的结果。同时,构造了第二类权重函数,并应用于气温距平场时间序列的订正,对订正前、后的距平场序列进行EOF（empiricalorthogonalfunctions）分析,论证了订正后的结果优于订正前。 相似文献
2.
采用站网均匀化订正方法处理了中国160站站网1951—2010年冬季（12月-次年2月）气温距平序列,订正后的序列较好地处理了由站网不均匀性引起的方差不均匀。对订正前、后序列分别作了EOF分析,结果表明：1）订正后序列的前2个典型场上的高绝对值区比订正前序列的前2个特征向量有更好的组织性,其高值区主要位于三北地区（西北、华北、东北）及青藏高原,与均方差场的高值区基本一致;2）订正前、后主要模态时间系数演变特征相似（rh≥0．886,h=^-1,2）,但订正后的前2个时间系数的线性分量和年代际变化分量对它们的方差贡献更加集中于第一模态;3）订正后资料EOF分析的第一个典型场和时间系数中的线性分量可以给出中国最近60a冬季主要强增暖区的分布;其年代际分量与分析期间中国强年代际变化分布区域的一致性也优于订正前资料的EOF分析结果。 相似文献
3.
基于中国站点网气候资料,简要介绍了经验正交函数(empirical orthogonal function,EOF)与改进的经验正交函数(adjusted EOF,AEOF)分析方法的关系,给出了验证其分析效果的方案;并将EOF、AEOF分析方法应用于中国160站60 a(1951—2010年)夏季气温距平场序列的分析。结果表明:AEOF分析方法前6个模态的模方拟合率和累积模方拟合率均高于EOF分析方法的相应量;AEOF分析方法前3个模态的典型场对夏季气温距平场序列的模方场的拟合效果明显优于EOF分析方法。由此论证了EOF分析方法中资料均匀化订正的必要性,验证了实际分析中AEOF分析方法的较优效果。 相似文献
4.
文章利用站网均匀化方案对中国1951—2012年160站夏季(6—8月)总降水量距平场序列作了订正,并对订正前后数据的EOF分析结果进行对比。结果表明:(1)订正后的典型场突出了青藏高原区域的高值区,并使中国东部的高值区集中于华南地区,这与均方差场的异常集中区域一致;订正前资料的主要特征向量的高值区主要集中于中国东部,并未凸显异常区域。(2)订正后资料的时间系数中,线性相关不明显,线性趋势减弱,但1、3模态的年代际分量的方差贡献增大,使年代际变化中有价值信息更加集中于主要模态;其中,第3模态的时间系数突出了华南地区的夏季降水年代际变化。(3)订正后发现,夏季降水的年代际变化中的典型场与年代际均方差的分布异常信息集中区域一致。上述结果说明,站网均匀化订正改进了中国夏季总降水量异常的EOF分析。 相似文献
5.
基于王盘兴等(2011)提出的站网均匀化订正方案,给出一种新的相似系数计算方法,依据两种选择相似个例的方案,研究了中国160站1951—2010年四季气温异常型的年际异常相似特征。结果表明:1)依据方案一,如果一对个例年的气温异常场在东部地区比较相似、西部地区不太相似,则订正前全国整体的相似系数较大、订正后整体的相似系数明显减小;反之,东部地区不太相似、西部地区比较相似,那么订正前全国整体的相似系数较小、订正后整体的相似系数增大。2)依据方案二,如果一对个例年订正前气温异常场相似系数非常大,则该对个例年在东部地区形势非常相似,站网均匀化订正后气温异常场的相似系数明显减小。如果一对个例年订正后气温异常场相似系数非常大,则这对个例年在西部地区的分布形势非常相似。方案一、二均可以说明,站网均匀化订正使东部地区的台站在全国平均中的权重减小、西部地区的台站在全国平均中的权重增加,从而可以更客观地反映气温异常型的年际相似程度。 相似文献
6.
基于经验正交函数和奇异值分解对东亚季风区跨季度夏季降水距平的订正方法 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
基于经验正交函数(EOF)和奇异值分解(SVD)方法,作者对IAP9L-AGCM后报的东亚季风区1984～2003年共20年的跨季度夏季降水距平场进行回归订正,并对订正前后降水距平场与实测场间的空间相似性、强度、以及年际变化相关性进行分析.结果表明这两种订正方案均能明显提高夏季降水距平预报场与实测场间的空间相似性和年际变化相关性;而基于EOF的订正方案对强度的订正效果要优于基于SVD的订正方案.此外,在此基础上,我们进一步提出多种订正方法集合的思想. 相似文献
7.
使用NCEP再分析资料对国家气候中心全球海气耦合模式BCC_CM1.0的多年平均场进行订正,然后嵌套区域气候模式RegCM3,建立基于边界强迫场订正的区域气候模式系统。使用该系统进行28年夏季回报及2013年夏季业务预测,并与直接使用BCC_CM1.0模式与RegCM3模式嵌套的模式系统进行对比。结果表明,引入边界强迫场订正技术后,区域气候模式系统对多年平均夏季气温、降水回报能力有了显著提高,且回报的高温界限值分布更接近于观测。除对2013年夏季东北地区气温距平预测效果变差外模式系统对于2013年中国东部中部地区夏季气温距平异常偏高、夏季高温日数异常偏多等观测事实的预测性能有显著提高。区域气候模式系统回报的多年平均夏季西太平洋副热带高压与观测更为接近是其对2013年夏季极端高温事件预测能力提高的关键所在。 相似文献
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9.
选用1951-2008年乌鲁木齐市气象站逐月最高、最低及平均气温资料,用标准正态检验（SNHT）方法对逐月气温资料序列进行均一化检验,并选用差值法对因迁站引起的断点资料进行订正,检验结果显示,月气温序列断点所在的年份与年序列中检验出的断点基本相对应,即气温资料均在迁站距离较远的1975年产生了断点;各月的检验结果存在一定的差异,5-9月气温较高的月份资料受迁站的影响较大,而且产生了断点,并通过了0.05的显著性水平。用不同的权重比例对月序列进行订正,并选择累积距平方法对5-9月气温序列订正前后的变化趋势作了比较分析,发现订正前后趋势确有较显著的变化。 相似文献
10.
利用我国160站站域面积和近60年月平均表面气温资料,求得1951—2008年我国年、季节全国平均气温序列。在此基础上分析了我国表面气温异常的基本特征:四季表面气温异常中冬季异常方差最强,它对四季总异常的方差贡献为47.7%,远高于春、秋季 (23.4%,17.2%) 和夏季 (11.7%)。线性增温在年、季序列中均显著,年序列最强,夏季最弱;全国平均表面气温线性增温的年值为1.4℃/58 a,冬季 (2.3℃/58 a) 明显高于夏季 (0.6℃/58 a)。年代际变化在年和冬、夏季序列中的方差贡献显著,年值 (59.3%) 明显高于冬、夏季值;年和冬季全国平均表面气温年代际变化从20世纪80年代中期起维持为正,夏季从90年代中期起维持为正。该文提供的年、季节全国平均表面气温序列合理,具有一定代表性。 相似文献
11.
An exceptionally prolonged heavy snow event(PHSE) occurred in southern China from 10 January to 3 February2008, which caused considerable economic losses and many casualties. To what extent any dynamical model can predict such an extreme event is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation. Here, we found the three S2 S models(ECMWF,CMA1.0 and CMA2.0) can predict the distribution and intensity of precipitation and surface air temperature(SAT)associated with the PHSE at 10-day lead and 10-15-day lead, respectively. The success is attributed to the models' capability in forecasting the evolution of two important low-frequency systems in the tropics and mid-latitudes [the persistent Siberian High and the suppressed phase of the Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO)], especially in the ECMWF model. However, beyond the 15-day lead, the three models show almost no skill in forecasting this PHSE.The bias in capturing the two critical circulation systems is responsible for the low skill in forecasting the 2008 PHSE beyond the 15-day lead. On one hand, the models cannot reproduce the persistence of the Siberian High, which results in the underestimation of negative SAT anomalies over southern China. On the other hand, the models cannot accurately capture the suppressed convection of the MJO, leading to weak anomalous southerly and moisture transport, and therefore the underestimation of precipitation over southern China.The Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) analyses between the critical circulation systems and SAT/precipitation over southern China shows a robust historical relation, indicating the fidelity of the predictability sources for both regular events and extreme events(e.g., the 2008 PHSE). 相似文献
12.
By analyzing NCEP-NCAR reanalysis daily data for 1979–2016, the modulation by Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) of the wintertime surface air temperature (SAT) over high latitude is examined. The real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index, which divides the MJO into eight phases, is used. It is found that a significantly negative SAT anomaly over the northern high latitude region of (180°–60 °W, 60°–90 °N) lags the MJO convection for 1∼2 weeks in phase 3, in which the enhanced convective activity exists over the Indian Ocean. While a significantly positive SAT anomaly appears over the same region following the MJO phase 7, as the tropical heating shows an opposite sign. Analysis of the anomalous circulation indicates that the observed SAT signal is probably a result of the northeastward propagating Rossby wave train triggered by MJO-related tropical forcing through Rossby wave energy dispersion. By using an anomalous atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), the significant effect of tropical forcing on organizing the extratropical circulation anomaly is confirmed. Analysis of a temperature tendency equation further reveals that the intraseasonal SAT anomaly is primarily attributed to the advection of the mean temperature by the wind anomaly associated with the anomalous circulation of the MJO-related variability. 相似文献
13.
Hua Wei Shen Samuel S. P. Weithmann Alexander Wang Huijun 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,129(3-4):1133-1144
This study examines the sampling error uncertainties in the monthly surface air temperature (SAT) change in China over recent decades, focusing on the uncertainties of gridded data, national averages, and linear trends. Results indicate that large sampling error variances appear at the station-sparse area of northern and western China with the maximum value exceeding 2.0 K2 while small sampling error variances are found at the station-dense area of southern and eastern China with most grid values being less than 0.05 K2. In general, the negative temperature existed in each month prior to the 1980s, and a warming in temperature began thereafter, which accelerated in the early and mid-1990s. The increasing trend in the SAT series was observed for each month of the year with the largest temperature increase and highest uncertainty of 0.51 ± 0.29 K (10 year)−1 occurring in February and the weakest trend and smallest uncertainty of 0.13 ± 0.07 K (10 year)−1 in August. The sampling error uncertainties in the national average annual mean SAT series are not sufficiently large to alter the conclusion of the persistent warming in China. In addition, the sampling error uncertainties in the SAT series show a clear variation compared with other uncertainty estimation methods, which is a plausible reason for the inconsistent variations between our estimate and other studies during this period.
相似文献14.
近百年中国气候变暖趋势之再评估 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于均一化的气温观测序列集,1900年以来中国气温升高趋势1.3—1.7℃/（100 a）。这个已用于新近的中国国家气候变化评估报告的结果,远高于早期的评估结果（0.5—0.8℃/（100 a））。回顾了始于20世纪80年代的中国百年气温序列的研究,指出其中关键进展在于近年来研发了均一化的长期站点气温观测序列集。早年构建的中国气温序列中,20世纪40年代前异常偏高,除了战乱期间观测缺失严重及记录代表性问题外,主要是50年代前后很多台站迁址导致早期气温观测值系统性偏高所致,从而低估长期变暖趋势。40年代前后部分区域确实偏暖,但由于不同区域气温波动位相不一致,因而大范围平均序列中并不明显。这一事实可与近年发展的“北极暖-大陆冷”等气候变化动力学理论以及一些区域气温代用资料相印证。近几十年城市化对中国气温变化趋势之贡献大小尚存争议,但远非主导因素。 相似文献
15.
Evaluation of Surface Air Temperature Change over China and the Globe during the Twentieth Century in IAP AGCM4.0 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on time series and linear trend analysis, the authors evaluated the performance of the fourth generation atmospheric general circulation model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP AGCM4.0), in simulating surface air temperature (SAT) during the twentieth century over China and the globe. The numerical experiment is conducted by driving the model with the observed sea surface temperature and sea ice. It is shown that IAP AGCM4.0 can simulate the warming trend of the global SAT, with the major warming regions in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. While the simulated trend over the whole globe is close to the observation, the model under-estimates the observed trend over the continents. More-over, the model simulates the spatial distribution of SAT in China, with a bias of approximately-2°C in eastern China, but with a more serious bias in western China. Compared with the global mean, however, the correlation coefficient between the simulation and observation in China is significantly lower, indicating that there is large uncertainty in simulating regional climate change. 相似文献
16.
Partial Least Squares Regression （PLSR） is used to study monthly changes in the influence of the Arctic Oscillation （AO） on spring, summer and autumn air temperature over China with the January 500 hPa geopotential height data from 1951 to 2004 and monthly temperature data from January to November at 160 stations in China. Several AO indices have been defined with the 500-hPa geopotential data and the index defined as the first principal component of the normalized geopotential data is best to be used to study the influence of the AO on SAT （surface air temperature） in China. There are three modes through which the AO in winter influences SAT in China. The influence of the AO on SAT in China changes monthly and is stronger in spring and summer than in autumn. The main influenced regions are Northeast China and the Changjiang River drainage area. 相似文献
17.
Variability of the Coupling Between Surface Air Temperature and Northern Annular Mode at Various Levels 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This article focuses on the variability of the coupling between surface air temperature （SAT） and northern annular mode （NAM） at various levels. To measure the coupling intensity between the SAT and the NAM anomaly fields, the coupling index has been defined as the leading principal component of the partial least squares regression model of the SAT and NAM anomalies. Both a composite analysis and the coupling index have been used to reveal level-by-level and month-to-month variability of the coupling between the upper anomalous NAM and the SAT in the Northern Hemisphere. The major results are as follows： the January SAT anomaly is more strongly coupled with the January NAM anomaly at the middle-upper tropospheric levels than that at the other levels, while the same is true for the February SAT anomaly with the January NAM anomaly at the lower stratospheric levels. The January NAM anomaly at the middle- upper tropospheric levels is most strongly coupled with the January SAT anomaly, and the coupling intensity is successively reduced month by month and becomes trivial after April. The January NAM anomaly at the lower stratospheric levels is more strongly coupled with January, February and March SAT anomalies, but the coupling becomes trivial after April. 相似文献
18.
2009/2010年北半球冬季异常低温分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了2009/2010年冬季(2009年12月1日至2010年2月28日,简称09/10年冬季)北半球地面气温异常特征及同期的水平与垂直环流场的异常结构。结果表明地面气温的异常呈现出带状的分布,表现为在低纬度为正异常、中纬度负异常及高纬度正异常的"正负正"的分布特征,最大的降温区在欧亚大陆和美国东部,其中局部的降温超过了-4℃。09/10年冬季北半球中纬度的地面气温相比过去15年冬季的平均值下降了近1℃,而在欧亚大陆的局部地区降温超过了-8℃。水平环流场的异常特征为:海平面气压和位势高度均表现为高纬度正异常而中纬度负异常的"北高南低"的分布特征,与此同时,中纬度出现气旋式的异常环流而高纬出现反气旋式的异常环流,这种分布形势在高低层表现得较为一致。经圈环流异常特征为:费雷尔环流减弱,中纬度出现异常的上升运动而高纬度出现异常的下沉运动,与此同时,中纬度对流层气温降低,而低纬度和高纬度的对流层气温升高,副热带急流增强,而极地急流减弱。09/10年冬季北半球环流的异常特征与北半球环状模(NAM)负位相时的极为相似。对多年冬季北半球地面气温和NAM指数进行合成和相关分析,结果表明当NAM处于正(负)位相时,北半球中纬度地面气温出现正(负)异常带,并且在欧亚大陆和美国东部最为显著,局部升温(降温)的幅度达到2℃。在热带外地区,经向温度平流是控制温度局地变化的关键因子。NAM影响北半球地面气温的物理机制分析表明,NAM主要是通过影响经向温度平流来影响北半球中纬度气温的。当NAM为正位相时,北半球费雷尔环流加强,中纬度带和高纬度带发生大气质量的交换,海平面气压场表现为中纬度异常高压而高纬度异常低压的"南高北低"的分布特征,中纬度地表出现异常的南风,进而经向暖平流加强,最终导致中纬度地面气温升高,NAM负位相年时与之相反。这个结果揭示了NAM作为自然变率对中纬度地面气温的调控作用。 相似文献