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1.
雷达资料的3DVAR和EnSRF直接同化方法对一次暴雨预报的影响分析 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
利用合肥站雷达资料和NCEP再分析资料,采用WRF模式、WRF-3DVAR和WRF-En SRF同化系统设计了直接同化雷达径向风和反射率的试验,对2003年7月4—5日发生在江淮流域的一次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行数值模拟分析。结果表明:(1)同化雷达径向风资料可以增加暴雨区低层的扰动,增强对流运动,同时可以减少模拟的过量降水;(2)3DVAR同化方法对水平风场调整明显,同化反射率改进了模式中的微物理量和动力场,同时同化径向风和反射率可以更好地调整风场,改善模拟雷达回波带的强度和位置;(3)En SRF同化方法可以将更多小尺度的风场信息同化进入模式,单独同化反射率可以较准确预报出降水中心,同时同化径向风和反射率可以改进模拟雷达回波带的位置;(4)使用3DVAR和En SRF同化雷达径向风和反射率可以提高降水预报,改善雨带的范围,对降水中心位置和强度的预报也有改进。 相似文献
2.
一种改进后的交叉相关法(COTREC)在降水临近预报中的应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用多普勒雷达资料,采用一种改进后的交叉相关法(COTREC)建立了一种降水临近预报方法。COTREC法的基本原理是对传统交叉相关法(TREC)反演的风场进行水平无辐散处理,得到COTREC风场,用新的风场外推得出的回波能够保持平滑连续的形状。但是这种方法也存在缺陷,由于采用水平无辐散限制,使得外推反演得到的风场在不同程度上受到削弱,从而外推后的回波略慢于实况观测的回波。通过引入数值预报平均风场作为TREC风场背景场,较好地解决了TREC风场受到削弱的问题,并用该方法对2007年6月23—24日强雷雨天气和2007年台风“圣帕”两次降水过程进行了预报试验,试验结果表明：采用改进后的交叉相关方法的降水临近预报与雷达实际观测比较一致,可作为台风、强对流等灾害性天气的降水临近预报方法之一。 相似文献
3.
针对传统雷达回波外推算法在快速增长或消散降水过程预报精度较低的问题,利用华南雷达回波拼图资料数据,建立ConvLSTM回波外推模型,对广西区域范围进行短临降水预报研究.采用气象业务中的正确率(POD)、临界成功指数(CSI)及误报率(FAR)评判标准检验预报模型,并将ConvLSTM与光流法的预报结果进行对比分析.结果 表明,ConvLSTM模型的CSI、POD分别比光流法提高0.06和0.059,而FAR下降了0.058.ConvLSTM方法比光流法的回波外推预报准确率高,该方法可为广西短临降水预报提供新的参考. 相似文献
4.
利用中尺度模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)及其资料同化系统3DVAR,将国内多普勒天气雷达(CINRAD)反射率因子及径向风资料直接用于中尺度数值模拟;对安徽梅雨期一次暴雨过程进行模拟试验,经过质量控制后,分析同时同化安徽省内六部多普勒天气雷达观测资料对模拟结果的影响。结果表明:(1)经过质量控制后,同化雷达径向风和反射率因子对初始场的风场和湿度场均有较为明显的改善,说明用该雷达资料质量控制方案同化雷达资料是可行的;(2)同化多部雷达径向速度资料能使风场气旋性增强,同化反射率资料能调整初始水汽场,使对流层中下层水汽含量增加;(3)同化多部雷达径向风和反射率因子资料,能提前模拟出强降水回波结构,且其中尺度特征更清晰,降水落区和强度预报更接近实况,同化雷达资料对降水预报能持续影响到12 h,并提高了12 h降水预报准确率。 相似文献
5.
0～3小时短时定量降水预报算法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用广东省3 km高度CAPPI雷达反射率因子拼图资料,对2012年6月22日一次降水个例进行0～3 h短时定量降水预报算法研究,以期通过改进算法来提高降水短时预报的准确率。在利用交叉相关算法获取回波移动矢量场后,使用五点平滑及卡尔曼滤波的方法对其进行处理,利用处理后的矢量场对雷达回波进行3 h外推,再进行0～3 h降水量预报。研究结果表明,经过滤波处理后可得到时空连续性更好的回波移动矢量场,滤波后回波外推预报效果明显改善,其临界成功指数（CSI）有所提高,空报率（FAR）显著降低,提高了降水预报准确率。 相似文献
6.
雷达回波外推预报的误差分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于天气雷达资料的外推预报是灾害天气临近预报的基础,选取4次强降水过程分析了外推预报的误差.主要分析方法包括3个步骤:(1)采用多尺度回波跟踪方法确定雷达回波的运动场;(2)采用半拉格朗日平流方案对雷达回波进行外推;(3)预报结果和观测结果进行对比.利用去相关时间方法分析了雷达回波的可预报性,利用预报技巧评分和相对绝对误差对外推预报的误差进行了定量分析.此外,还分析了外推预报的误差与尺度之间的关系,以及外推预报中的不确定因素 回波强度变化和回波运动场变化在预报误差中的相对重要性.这4次强降水过程的误差分析表明,预报误差随预报时效的变化基本上是以指数规律递减的,大尺度的降水系统对应较长的持续性,对于发展演变较快、尺度较小的风暴,其持续性较短. 相似文献
7.
天气雷达回波运动场估测及在降水临近预报中的应用 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18
在常用的基于天气雷达反射率因子图像的相关方法跟踪回波运动的TREC(Tracking Radar Echo by Correla-tion)技术基础上,文中发展了一种基于差分图像(时间梯度图像)的相关方法追踪雷达回波运动(Difference Image-based Tracking Radar Echo by Correlations)技术,简称DITREC,并与TREC技术进行比较。个例分析表明,DITREC矢量场消除了TREC矢量场中由于回波型的迅速变化导致的一些无序矢量,使得DITREC矢量场的时间连续性和空间连续性好于TREC矢量场。在TREC矢量场中不存在无序矢量的地方,DITREC矢量场与TREC矢量场基本一致。分别用DITREC矢量场和700 hPa风场作为回波运动估测场外推合肥CINRAD/SA雷达反射率因子复合扫描图,得到1 h外推降水场。以地面雨量计为标准,对外推降水场进行评估,结果表明,DITREC外推小时降水优于700 hPa外推小时降水,但其精度还与所采用的Z-R关系有关。 相似文献
8.
雷达资料与中尺度数值预报的融合方法研究及其在临近预报中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过融合多普勒天气雷达资料与中尺度数值预报产品,发展了一种便于临近预报业务使用的方法。该方法首先通过相关分析计算当前相同时刻雷达估测降水与中尺度数值预报的反射率因子估测降水之间的位置偏差,导出一个位移偏差矢量场;然后,利用人机交互的方式对矢量场进行分区,并对各分区的矢量场进行平滑处理,计算出各分区的平均位移偏差矢量;最后,采用最小二乘法对各分区连续多次的平均位移偏差矢量进行线性拟合,得到各分区平均位移偏差矢量随时间的变化特征,订正未来时段相应区域的数值预报反射率因子估测降水的位置偏差。利用该方法对2012和2013年夏季发生在重庆西部、四川东部的3次强降水天气过程进行临近预报试验并对预报结果进行了检验,结果表明:对0~2 h的临近预报,融合预报效果总体上优于模式预报效果;另外,与雷达外推定量降水预报相比,0~1 h雷达外推预报效果优于融合预报效果,1~2 h融合预报效果优于雷达外推预报效果。 相似文献
9.
雷达反射率资料的三维变分同化研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
应用天气研究和预报模式(WRF)三维变分系统中一种新的雷达反射率资料间接同化方法来进行反射率资料的三维变分同化研究,评估雷达反射率资料对夏季短时定量降水预报的作用.该方法不直接同化雷达反射率资料,而是同化由反射率资料反演出的雨水和估计的水汽.以2009年夏季北京地区发生的4次强降水过程为例,考察了北京市气象局业务运行的快速更新循环同化预报系统对京津冀地区雷达网的雷达反射率资料的同化性能以及雷达反射率资料和径向风资料同时同化的效果.数值试验结果表明:(1)同化反演雨水或水汽都能改善降水预报,但同化反演水汽对降水预报效果的改善起了更重要的作用;(2)同化反射率资料能极大地提高短时降水预报的效果,其稳定的正面效果可以延伸到6h的预报时效,而同化径向风资料不能得到稳定的正效果;(3)同化雷达资料时,应用快速更新循环同化预报系统是提高短时定量降水预报的一个有效途径. 相似文献
10.
交叉相关算法在强对流天气临近预报中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用"雨燕"临近预报系统的雷达回波外推算法,对三次强对流个例的3 km CAPPI反射率因子、回波顶和垂直累积液态含水量进行0～1小时外推预测,将预测结果和组合阈值比较进行强对流天气预警区域预报试验。资料来源于CINRAD-SB雷达基数据经RPG算法处理得到的雷达产品数据。所用的方法是在扩展后的交叉相关追踪算法基础上实现雷达回波移动预测。试验结果表明:3 km CAPPI反射率因子、回波顶和垂直累积液态含水量雷达产品与实况有较好的吻合,能较好地预报出回波的形状、变化趋势和移动方向,回波的范围、位置和强度中心与实况相似,外推时间越短,预报效果越好。交叉相关追踪算法外推得到的雷达回波结果在0～1 h内是可用的;外推预测结果经过组合阈值的过滤后,得出的强对流天气预警区域预警结果也是可行的,对强对流天气临近预报有一定指示意义。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献