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孟加拉湾对流对广西秋季暴雨影响分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
利用综合观测数据1 °×1 °FNL和2.5 °×2.5 °NCEP再分析资料、以及卫星云顶黑体辐射温度资料（TBB）,对2015年11月广西出现的三次暴雨过程（8日、11—12日和20日）的850 hPa水汽通量散度及水汽输送特征进行了对比分析。8日和20日暴雨的低层水汽主要来自南海,11—12日连续暴雨的水汽来自南海和孟加拉湾。暴雨前后TBB的分析表明,在暴雨发生前2~3 d,孟加拉湾对流发展到最强,孟加拉湾对流对广西秋季暴雨具有前兆信号特征。暴雨前后TBB时空剖面表明,暴雨发生前孟加拉湾对流有向广西波动传播的特征。模式敏感性实验显示,当关闭孟加拉湾对流2~3 d后,广西48 h累计雨量减小。 相似文献
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利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料、自动站雨量资料、卫星TBB资料和雷达资料.对2011年5月11-12日广西出现的区域性暴雨进行诊断分析.结果表明:暴雨是在欧亚中高纬地区为两脊一槽的环流背景下产生的.500hPa南支槽、850hPa低涡和地面辐合线是其主要影响系统.水汽从南海输送到广西上空.并在桂西北产生强烈辐合.暴雨发生前广西处于θse高能舌区内,低层暖平流、中高层冷平流加剧大气层结的不稳定.在500hPa南支槽前正涡度平流输送下,桂西北850hPa低涡得到加强,低层辐合、高层辐散的垂直结构,有利于产生强烈的垂直上升运动.强降水与桂西北两个MBCS云团的强烈发展有关,冷云顶在-52℃以下的TBB低值区与暴雨落区有较好的对应关系.涡旋状降水回波的不断新生东北移是导致区域性暴雨发生的原因之一. 相似文献
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使用地面逐小时加密观测资料、6h间隔的NCEP（水平分辨率1°×1°）的fnl全球再分析资料、micaps观测资料,通过分析2011年和2012年广东省2次首场暴雨过程的环流形势、水汽条件、热力条件、动力条件,得到以下结论：2次过程一次为持续性弱降水导致暴雨;一次是短时强降水导致暴雨。2次暴雨过程均受南支槽前和副高西北侧西南气流影响;2次过程均有比较好的水汽条件,但水汽辐合存在强弱和持续程度不同的区别;2次暴雨过程的暴雨区850hPa均处在θWse高值区的下游,“110318”暴雨过程开始前和开始后均没有出现CAPE值,而“120304”过程气块从850hPa抬升则出现CAPE;2次过程上升气流也存在持续性和强弱的区别。 相似文献
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该文利用常规观测资料、区域自动站雨量、FY-2E云顶亮温TBB、NCEP 1°×1°6 h再分析资料绘制的水汽通量散度、垂直速度、假相当位温等物理量,综合分析了2012年5月10日凌晨到早上发生在黔东南州南部的暴雨和大暴雨天气过程。分析得出:此次暴雨天气过程是由高空槽、中低层切变和地面东北路径冷空气共同影响,触发中-βMCS造成;暴雨和大暴雨落区发生在MCS云顶TBB<220 K的冷云覆盖区域内;由于副高588线稳定维持在广西中部,贵州中南部受副高西北侧西南气流控制,系统南下受阻,冷暖空气长时间在贵州南部上空交汇,同时,9日08时850 hPa桂北—湘西有12～14 m/s的低空急流建立,贵州南部位于急流左侧辐合区内,充沛的水汽输送和水汽辐合,加上强烈的上升运动和高能量积聚,为暴雨的发生提供了充分必要条件;此次暴雨和大暴雨发生在月亮山西南气流迎风坡和雷公山与月亮山之间的喇叭口地形效应区域内。 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、区域自动站加密观测资料、NCEP/NCAR逐6 h 1°×1°的再分析资料和FY-2卫星逐时云顶亮温资料,分析2018年5月21日南疆西部极端大暴雨过程的成因。结果表明:100 hPa南亚高压双体型、500 h Pa塔什干低涡与贝加尔湖附近低槽"东西夹攻"、低空偏东急流强,为此次大暴雨提供了有利的高低空天气系统配置。副热带西风急流与极锋急流形成的高空强辐散区,在大暴雨区上空与低空偏东风急流左前方强烈的气旋式辐合区叠加,有利于上升运动维持;大暴雨发生前4 h,2个垂直环流圈的上升气流在暴雨区中心上空汇合,使得上升运动进一步增强。极端大暴雨发生前南疆西部整层大气湿润,低层偏西气流与偏东急流在暴雨区中心附近形成强烈辐合,促进了南疆盆地水汽向暴雨区集中和汇聚,同时有利于地面中尺度系统的发展和加强。卫星云图上多个γ中尺度MCS的活动造成本次极端大暴雨,强降水发生在TBB梯度最大的区域,极端大暴雨开始前3 h TBB下降超过30℃,与我国中东部地区局地暴雨发生前TBB的变化特征相似。 相似文献
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陕西南部一次区域性大暴雨过程成因分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据常规气象站观测资料和美国NCEP／NCAR发布的1°×1°逐6h分析资料,分析2007年7月4—5日陕西南部一次区域性大暴雨过程的环流动力特征。结果表明：西太平洋副热带高压东退、500hPa西风槽和700hPa低涡、低空西南风急流是此次暴雨过程的主要诱发系统;来自南海和孟加拉湾的水汽在西太平洋副热带高压外围西南气流和低空西南风急流的引导下为暴雨区提供了源源不断的水汽;散度的辐合辐散的加强和垂直速度系统性的加强,导致了短时强降水的出现。暴雨强盛期,在暴雨区上空有一个明显的垂直反环流存在。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°逐6h的再分析资料和FY-2E红外云图、TBB等资料,对2014年7月7—8日由东北冷涡引发内蒙古东北部的暴雨过程形成原因进行了天气学诊断分析,结果表明:1低空急流是主要水汽来源,不同地区出现暴雨的机制不同,兴安盟东部、呼伦贝尔市东南部由于槽前、切变南缘地面暖锋附近,中低空急流汇合处,强辐合抬升触发不稳定能量释放导致强天气的发生,而呼伦贝尔市西南部暴雨跟中上层冷涡的生成发展与对应的地面低压逐步耦合的动力作用相关;2湿位涡的分布对暴雨的发生、落区有较强的指示性作用,700hPa正负值区过度带的配置是暴雨发生发展的有利潜势,暴雨发生在700hPa等值线密集带和850hPa MPV2大于等于0的叠加区域内,700hPa正负过渡带附近,偏向于正值一侧;3最大降水量的雨强落后于云团TBB最低值1~2h,并不是强TBB与最强降水同步出现。 相似文献
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利用常规观测、FY-2G卫星、雷达、全球同化系统(GDAS)及NCEP(1°×1°)再分析等资料,分析2020年4月17—24日南疆西部喀什地区极端暴雨过程。结果表明:此次极端暴雨是在100 hPa南亚高压呈东部型的大尺度环流背景下,主要影响系统为500 hPa中亚低涡(槽)和700～850 hPa切变线;低层辐合、高层辐散的发展及持续为暴雨提供动力支持;暴雨过程中低层θse均随高度增加而减小,为暴雨产生提供了较好的不稳定条件;且中低层水汽充沛,700 hPa喀什地区水汽辐合中心强度达-10×10~(-6)g/(cm~2·hPa·s),比湿≥5 g/kg。雷达回波图上单体风暴或线性多单体风暴持续多个体扫导致强降水的发生,风暴最大反射率因子≥55 dBZ,径向速度图上具有明显的中小尺度辐合特征;TBB低值区与降雨落区紧密结合,强降雨发生在TBB梯度最大处,且TBB等值线越密集雨强越强。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献