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1.
本文利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国2374站日降水资料,通过水汽收支方程分解方法分析了华南夏季降水在1993~2002年时段年代际增多以及2003~2013年时段年代际减少的水汽输送特征及其成因。结果表明:1993~2002年时段（2003~2013年时段）,局地环流导致异常下沉（上升）气流,南亚高压偏东（偏西）和西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）偏西（偏东）,菲律宾及副高西南侧水汽输送加强（减弱）,华南地区低层出现强的水汽辐合（辐散）,导致降水偏多（偏少）。华南地区夏季降水两次年代际变化主要与风速变化引起的水汽输送动力散度项的异常有关,同时还受到与比湿变化引起的水汽输送热力散度项异常、及天气尺度的涡旋引起的水汽输送涡流散度项异常影响。此外,研究发现水汽输送的异常与环流和海温异常均密切相关。 相似文献
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华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20
采用1958-2000年华南57站前汛期日降水资料和NCEP／NCAR逐日水汽输送再分析资料，分析了华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系，并对旱、涝年进行了比较分析。结果表明：华南地区经向水汽输送的异常变化将导致该地区的异常旱涝，而纬向水汽输送的异常变化只导致该地区出现小范围的降水异常。旱年和涝年的异常水汽输送不是简单的反位相关系。来自印度洋和西太平洋的水汽对华南地区前汛期的降水异常没有明显的作用，南海(主要是其北部)才是华南降水异常的关键区。 相似文献
3.
华南前汛期不同降水时段的特征分析 总被引：41，自引：5，他引：41
利用1957-2001年华南地区74个测站逐日降水资料和同期NCEP／NCAR逐日再分析格点资料，对华南前汛期(4-6月)不同降水时段的特征进行了比较。分析发现，华南前汛期降水由锋面降水和夏季风降水两个时段组成。锋面降水时段主要集中在4月，为典型的由冬到夏过渡的环流形势，华南地区高空为平直的副热带西风急流，大气层结稳定，水汽来源主要是阿拉伯海的西风输送和西太平洋副高南侧东风的转向输送；南海夏季风爆发前，副高仍控制南海地区，华南地区水汽输送主要来源于阿拉伯海的西风输送和西太平洋副高南侧东风的转向输送及孟加拉湾的西南输送；南海夏季风爆发后，副高东撤退出南海地区，南半球越赤道水汽输送加强并与孟加拉湾水汽输送连通，华南区域内对流发展；夏季风降水时段盛期主要集中在6月，此时南亚高压跃上高原，华南地区处于南亚高压东部，对流发展极其旺盛，强大的南半球越赤道水汽输送越过孟加拉湾和南海地区向华南地区输送。 相似文献
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利用1960—2010年中国降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA提供的海表温度资料以及太平洋年代际振荡(Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO)指数,分析了华南春季降水的年代际变化特征及其与大气环流和海温的关系。结果表明:华南春季降水经历了偏少(1960—1971年)—偏多(1972—1992年)—次偏少(1993—2010年)三个阶段。第一阶段少雨期,500 hPa上西风气流较平直,不利于北方冷空气南下,华南地区的暖气团也不活跃,对应的水汽通量散度为异常辐散。第二阶段多雨期,500 hPa高度上,高原北部脊偏强,利于冷空气南下,与华南地区活跃的暖湿气团汇合,对应的水汽场上为水汽异常辐合。第三阶段少雨期,500 hPa西风气流上的槽脊系统偏强,利于北方强冷空气南下,孟加拉湾地区的南支槽填塞,南方暖湿空气向华南的输送减弱。华南春季降水与PDO指数存在正相关关系,从不同季节来看,在年代际时间尺度上,前期秋季的PDO指数与华南春季降水的正相关显著,PDO处于负位相时,华南春季降水偏少,反之亦然;从华南春季降水年代际变化的不同阶段来看,PDO指数与华南春季降水的正相关在1960—1971年少雨期较显著。 相似文献
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春季华南土壤湿度异常与中国夏季降水的可能联系 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
基于ERA40（ECMWF）1958—2001年土壤湿度再分析资料和中国541站降水资料,通过观测分析揭示了华南春季土壤湿度异常与中国夏季降水的联系及其可能的物理过程。结果表明,春季华南土壤湿度与夏季华南（长江流域及其以北地区）降水呈正（负）相关;春季华南土壤湿度负（正）异常,夏季华南降水异常偏少（多）,而长江以北地区降水则偏多（少）。通过对春季华南土壤湿度异常年份对应的环流异常特征的诊断分析发现：土壤湿度负异常年,西太平洋副高位置明显偏西,华南地区对应异常的下沉运动和水汽辐散,导致该地区降水偏少;而长江中下游地区对应异常的上升运动和水汽通量的辐合,降水偏多;土壤湿度正异常年的情况大致相反。进一步的分析表明,春季华南土壤湿度与同期长江中下游及以北地区土壤湿度存在明显的负相关关系。春季华南土壤湿度负（正）异常年的同期华北到长江中下游区域土壤湿度为正（负）异常,将导致南部区域的地表温度异常升高（降低）,北部地表温度异常偏低（偏高）,并通过改变地表对大气的加热,引起夏季大气环流的异常,最终造成夏季降水异常。 相似文献
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基于华南地区60个站点的逐日降水资料及NCEP再分析资料,采用拉格朗日后向气流轨迹模式(HYSPLIT_4.9),分析了1960—2012年PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation,太平洋年代际振荡)不同相位期间,华南前汛期锋面和季风降水的水汽输送轨迹、主要源地及不同源地水汽的降水贡献率的差异。结果表明:1)锋面降水阶段,在PDO正相位期间,西太平洋-中国南海-孟加拉湾水汽较多;夏季风降水阶段,在PDO正位相期间,北印度洋-孟加拉湾-中国南海的整层水汽含量较多。2)锋面降水阶段,水汽主要来自西北太平洋与中国南海,在PDO正相位期间,副热带高压位置偏北,使得西太平洋水汽输送路径偏北,有更多水汽向华南输送,有利于华南季风降水形成,降水与PDO呈显著的正相关关系。3)季风降水阶段,在PDO正位相期间,尽管北印度洋-孟加拉湾-中国南海的整层水汽含量大,但并未都输送至华南,故形成的有效季风降水偏少,降水与PDO呈显著的负相关关系。 相似文献
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利用1981—2016年7—10月中国753站逐日降水资料、气象信息综合分析处理系统（MICAPS）逐日站点降水资料、日本东京台风中心西北太平洋热带气旋（TC）最佳路径资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料集,分析了华南地区区域性日降水极端事件（RDPE事件）的统计特征及环流异常。根据华南地区RDPE事件的发生是否受热带气旋影响将其分为TCfree-RDPE和TCaff-RDPE两类事件,其中TCaff-RDPE事件占42%且集中发生在8月4—5候;TCfree-RDPE事件以7月发生频数最多,占其总频次的1/2以上。TCfree-RDPE事件发生时,华南地区受异常气旋性环流控制,来自西太平洋和中国南海的暖湿气流与北方冷气团在此汇合并形成一条狭长的水汽辐合带,低层辐合、高层辐散,显著强烈的上升运动为TCfree-RDPE事件的发生与维持提供了有利条件;与此同时,波扰动能量由高原东北侧及河西走廊地区向华南一带传播并在华南显著辐合,有利于华南上空扰动的发展和维持。TCaff-RDPE事件发生时,华南上空由低层到高层的斜压环流结构更为明显,异常上升运动更加强烈,热带气旋在其运动过程中携带了大量源自孟加拉湾、中国南海和西太平洋地区的水汽并输送至华南地区,水汽辐合气流更为强盛。同时,波扰动能量由高纬度地区沿河西走廊向下游传播,但在华南地区辐合不甚明显。两类极端事件发生时,加热场上的差异亦明显。华南及邻近地区上空的大气净加热及其南侧大范围区域的净冷却所形成的加热场梯度对TCfree-RDPE事件的发生有利。而TCaff-RDPE事件发生时,〈Q1〉和〈Q2〉在经向上由18°N以南、华南及其邻近地区、32°N以北呈负—正—负的异常分布型,正距平值更高,加热场梯度更大,有利于TCaff-RDPE事件的维持。这些结果有利于人们认识和预测华南区域性日降水极端事件的发生。 相似文献
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热带西太平洋潜热通量异常影响华南6月降水的模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过统计分析和区域气候模式RegCM3的模拟试验,对热带西太平洋关键区潜热通量异常影响华南6月旱涝的机制进行研究。结果表明:（1） 华南6月的降水与热带西太平洋5月和6月的潜热通量都存在负相关关系,特别是与5月热带西太平洋关键区的潜热通量存在更为显著的滞后负相关。（2） 热带西太平洋关键区潜热通量异常是影响华南6月旱涝的重要因子,其概念模型是:5月和6月热带西太平洋潜热通量异常增高,在其西北侧对流层低层出现一个异常的气旋性环流,华南地区位于气旋性环流西侧,为东北风异常,不利于西南季风进入我国华南地区,水汽减少。同时,形成一个潜热通量异常区上升、而在华南地区下沉的垂直环流,华南降水减少,导致干旱发生。当5月和6月热带西太平洋潜热通量异常减少,在其北侧出现异常反气旋式环流,华南地区处于环流西侧,西南气流加强,有利于水汽输送。同时,出现一个热带西太平洋潜热通量区下沉、而华南地区上升的距平垂直环流,造成华南地区洪涝多雨。 相似文献
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广东前汛期暴雨水汽输送异常变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1979—2011年广东省86个测站的地面观测逐日降水资料及NCEP-DOE第二套分析资料,分析广东前汛期及其各月暴雨的水汽输送来源及其异常特征,诊断持续性暴雨过程水汽输送异常随赤道MJO活动的变化。结果表明,从多年气候平均场来看,广东前汛期（4—6月）水汽输送来源主要有孟加拉湾经中南半岛向华南输送（即西南支输送）、源于热带西太平洋随副热带高压边缘气流经南海地区向北输送（即东南支输送）和源于青藏高原西南侧伴随南支西风气流的向东输送（即西支输送）。广东前汛期降水异常变化的水汽输送异常来源与气候平均来源有所不同,前汛期暴雨的水汽输送异常主要是东南支、西支输送的输送异常以及源于我国中低纬度地区随偏北异常气流向南的水汽输送（简称北支输送）异常这三方面,其中北支输送异常主要加强广东区域的水汽通量辐合。暴雨水汽输送异常存在月际变化,西支和北支输送异常是4月、5月、6月暴雨的共同点,另外,5月暴雨还包括西南支、东南支输送异常,6月暴雨则包括东南支输送异常。各月持续性暴雨（持续3 d或以上的暴雨）与非持续性暴雨的水汽输送异常有所不同,4、5、6月东南支水汽输送异常,持续性暴雨比非持续性暴雨明显偏强。6月广东持续性暴雨的西南支水汽输送异常随MJO活动产生一定的变化,在MJO第4、5、6、7位相（8、1、2、3位相）,西南支水汽向华南输送偏强（弱）。赤道MJO活动影响西南支水汽输送强度的物理过程,主要是通过改变大气经向热力对比来影响孟加拉湾西南季风强弱变化,从而使该支气流流向华南的水汽输送发生变化。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献