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1.
针对甘南地区2006年7月12日出现的冰雹天气过程,利用兰州CINRAD/CC多普勒雷达回波资料以及MICAPS资料对此次强对流天气过程进行了初步的分析,分析了冰雹天气过程中雷达回波的形态特征、结构和动态特征,发现在此次强对流天气是雷达回波具有明显的超级单体风暴特征,且呈现出三体散射、有界弱回波、钩状回波等特征;雷达回波强度值55dB;回波顶16km;径向速度图上出现较强的气旋性辐合,在中高层辐合中还存在着中尺度气旋;此外,降雹过程前后垂直液态水含量(VIL)变化较大。 相似文献
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近几年在平凉恢复高炮防雹工作以来,我们发现天气雷达观测冰雹云的雷达回波多数具有气旋性回波形状,直至局部演变成钩状回波。为了探讨冰雹云雷达回波形状的这一特点,进而有助于从雷达回波图形上识别冰雹云,我们分析了12年平凉强雷暴观测的雷达回波资料,表明:(1)强雷暴云中凡有降雹的雷达回波,除雷达反射率高(回波强中心一般达到40db 以上)、云体伸展高(达到10千米左右)和强回波区厚度大(4.5千米左右)外,70％以上雷达回波都存在有类似于气旋性的钩状回波;(2)钩状回波出现的明显程度、维持的时间、钩状气旋控制面积的大小和出现的位置,与雹暴发展演变的阶段和剧烈程度及地形影响有关. 相似文献
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利用常规气象资料和CINRAD／CC新一代天气雷达资料以及对流云数值模式等,对2011年6月17日发生在南疆塔里木盆地西部麦盖提垦区的一次强冰雹天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：大气不稳定层结的存在和有利的高低空环流形势配置的动力作用,是触发这次南疆西部局地强对流天气产生降雹的主要原因。在冰雹天气发展过程中,探测到了如钩状回波、弱回波区、悬挂回波和中气旋等典型的冰雹云回波特征,这对冰雹天气邻近预报具有一定指示意义。数值模拟结果显示,冰雹云具有低层辐合、中层有一对涡旋、高层辐散的结构特征,这种结构有利于冰雹云的发展和维持。 相似文献
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利用2002年夏季雷达观测到的雹云回波资料，分析了雹云在成熟阶段时在雷达回波上表现出的不同特征及对应的冰雹落区，结果表明，“V”形缺口回波顶端、指状回波及其指根处、钩状回波钩部对应地面冰雹落区。 相似文献
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一次超级单体风暴的雷达回波特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用兰州CINRAD／CC雷达对2008年7月18日甘肃省定西市境内的降雹过程连续观测,对探测到的资料进行分析,总结出此次降雹过程的反射率因子、径向速度、RCS垂直剖面、垂直累积液态含水量等产品的主要特征,初步探讨了使用多普勒雷达监测冰雹的方法,找出了超级单体风暴呈现出的钩状弓状回波、有界弱回波区、回波墙、悬挂回波、明显的人流缺口、存在中气旋等典型的回波特征,归纳出VIL剧烈变化、ET与冰雹过程的一致对应关系、明显的三体散射特征等一些对冰雹的临近预报有指导意义的信息,为使用天气雷达探测此类灾害性天气提供了参考。 相似文献
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最近10年平凉地区人工防雹试验期间，用雷达测到的强对流雷暴云回波上，发现雹暴云除有强度和云高作判别外，在回波形态和结构上，多数雹云在发展过程中呈气旋形回波形状，其中部分强雹云演变成明显钩状回波，少数特强雹暴云有反气旋钩状回波，并向气旋钩状演变的特点。在钩状回波形成和维持阶段，回波反射率Ze达到最强，之后不再增加，有些钩状回波的云高有时可跃增1～3 km高度，云体出现崩溃，地面有降雹。针对这些观测事实，本文用多年回波资料进行一些统计分析。 相似文献
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利用2002年夏季雷达观测到的雹云回波资料,分析了雹云在成熟阶段时在雷达回波上表现出的不同特征及对应的冰雹落区,结果表明,"V"形缺口回波顶端、指状回波及其指根处、钩状回波钩部对应地面冰雹落区. 相似文献
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主要利用东营市７１３数字化雷达回波和红外卫星云图资料，分析了１９９６年７月２０日东营地区降雹天气过程的雷达回波和卫星云图演变特征。结果表明：雷达回波具有明显的雹云回波的特殊形状和跃增阶段，跃增是冰雹云与雷雨云回波的一个显著差别。 相似文献
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该文利用新一代多普勒天气雷达、双偏振天气雷达和探空资料,对2017年4月5日造成贵州中部冰雹天气过程的多单体冰雹云做了分析,结果表明:(1)此次过程是南支槽和中低空切变共同影响的有利天气背景条件下,省西部陆续生成的多个超级单体沿着两条主要的路线近乎平行东移,造成下游沿途多地的冰雹的天气过程;(2)此次冰雹的两条路径具有典型性;(3)单体回波特征:在发展和降雹阶段的剖面图上均有回波悬垂,在强雷暴单体的PPI图上还有"V"型缺口和钩状回波特征,速度场上在4.2 km左右的高度存在切变;(4)双偏振雷达的观测在单体经过贵阳城区时的观测效果好。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献