共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
中国地面相对湿度非均一性检验及订正 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用加拿大环境部气候研究中心研发的PMTred和PMFT方法,选取均一的邻近站为参考站,使用相关系数权重平均构建参考序列,结合元数据信息,对1951-2014年中国2400多个国家级地面站月平均相对湿度进行了非均一性检验与订正,并分析了造成相对湿度序列非均一的主要原因。结果表明,中国地面相对湿度资料存在较严重的非均一问题,68%的台站存在断点,人工观测转自动观测、迁站和时次变化是造成序列非均一的主要原因。整套资料负订正量所占比例较高,订正范围主要集中在-5%～0之间,这种负订正量与人工转自动观测后相对湿度观测值偏低有密切关系。这也使得订正后中国平均相对湿度趋势与订正前存在明显差异,订正前中国平均相对湿度呈下降趋势,订正后相对湿度没有趋势性变化。 相似文献
2.
1979—2012年中国探空相对湿度资料的非均一性检验与订正 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用加拿大环境部气候研究中心研发的PMTred非均一性检验方法,以ERA interim资料作为参考序列,应用中国区域各探空台站详细的元数据信息为主要断点判断依据,对1979—2012年我国125个探空台站各标准等压面月平均探空相对湿度资料进行了非均一性检验和订正。并结合详细的元数据信息分析了造成我国探空相对湿度序列非均一问题形成的主要原因及对资料的影响程度。结果表明：仪器换型、探测系统资料整理计算方式变化以及辐射订正方法改变和探测系统升级等是造成这一时段中国区域月平均探空相对湿度资料不均一的主要原因。其中,2002年以后的L波段雷达 电子探空仪换型造成了相对湿度资料非常明显的不连续问题,这主要是由于早期59 701型探空仪穿云挂水,造成探测到的相对湿度资料明显偏湿。两个观测时次相对湿度序列不均一的台站数和断点数随高度的增加而增加。各标准等压面上月平均相对湿度序列不均一的探空台站平均订正幅度也随着高度的升高而增大,并且订正量为负值的比例在整套订正资料中所占的比例较高,说明我国的探空月平均相对湿度原始观测资料有明显高估的问题。1979—2012年以来,从全国的情况来看,订正前全国850~300 hPa 5个标准等压面全部为相对湿度降低趋势。但是订正后,850~300 hPa这5个标准等压面在1979—2012年相对湿度的变化趋势均不显著。 相似文献
3.
中国降水序列均一性研究及对比分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章采用全国2415个站1951-2009年逐日降水量资料,采用标准正态均一性检验（SNHT）方法对年序列进行均一性检测,得到存在不连续的断点的站点数为114个,占所有检测站点数的4．72％;对其中70个与对比站相关系数在0．7以上断点的逐年、逐月和逐日降水序列进行了订正：分析发现,订正对冬季降水序列的影响比对夏季序列要大。将订正前后资料按不同的条件分为山区、台站稀疏地区等进行了分析比较,发现订正前后降水序列的变差系数各站差别不大,说明订正的结果是可信的;降水距平对比分析结果表明,多数台站订正前后值差异很小,台站稀疏地区亦是如此,山区站降水量订正前后值差异略大;对均一化前后降水序列趋势分析结果表明,序列趋势增减并不大,多数增减值占原值的比例在10％以下,年及绝大多数月份降水序列订正前后趋势的增减符号是一致的,台站稀疏地区亦是如此,山区站趋势增减幅度略大,即山区迁站对降水量趋势影响较大,但总体上并没有影响到趋势的显著性。 相似文献
4.
RHtest方法对我国降水资料的均一性检验试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用RHtest方法结合台站元数据信息对我国1725个气象台站1961-2009年月降水资料进行了均一性检验试验和订正,并以波密站、元阳站和巢湖站为例介绍了检验过程.结果表明:该方法能够适用于对我国降水资料均一性检验且具有较高的应用前景.2400台站高密度月降水资料的使用更加有益于参考序列的选取,采用数理统计分析和结合元数据主观判断的方式来对序列进行均一性检验更加合理.检验出存在非均一性断点的台站仅占2.1％,表明我国降水资料序列均一性情况良好,台站较大距离的迁移是造成部分降水序列非均一的重要原因之一.对检验出存在断点的降水序列采用RHtest提供的订正方法进行了订正和趋势分析,发现订正后降水序列的年变化趋势具有明显的改变,均一性也有很大改善. 相似文献
5.
在确定中国1951-2010年753站观测数据的迁移状况的基础上,采用t检验方法和标准正态检验(standard normal homogeneity test,SNHT)差值法,分析了迁移对中国年平均温度序列均一性的影响,并对非均一温度序列进行订正.结果表明:将有业务代替的台站序列合并起来后得到了714站数据,714站中完全没有迁移的台站只有148站,其他566站共计有950次迁移;t检验表明950次迁移中235次迁移前后年平均温度差异显著;而SNHT检验表明950次迁移中有237次年平均温度的均一性受到迁移的影响,其中79次需要调整0.5℃以上;84％的非均一性序列经订正后相对符合均一性条件. 相似文献
6.
1979-2012年中国探空温度资料中非均一性问题的检验与分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用加拿大环境部气候研究中心研发的PMTred(penalized maximum t test)非均一性检验方法,以ERA-interim资料作为参考序列,以中国各探空台站详细的元数据信息为主要断点判断依据,对1979-2012年中国125个探空台站7个标准等压面月平均探空温度资料进行了非均一性检验、订正,并结合详细的元数据信息分析了造成中国探空温度序列非均一问题的主要原因。研究表明,中国探空温度资料中存在由于人为因素造成的断点,整套探空资料中非均一的台站数和断点数所占的百分比呈低层少、高层多的趋势。各标准等压面上月平均温度序列非均一的探空台站平均订正幅度也随着高度的升高而增大,并且订正量为负值在整套订正资料中所占的比例较高,说明中国的探空月平均温度原始观测资料存在系统性偏高的问题。订正后200 hPa的温度变化趋势接近0,以200 hPa为转折点,100 hPa的降温趋势较订正前明显减弱,100 hPa以下为升温趋势,300-700 hPa的增温趋势加强。1979-2012年中国探空月平均温度资料的非均一问题主要来源于2000-2001年探测系统的升级(包括辐射误差订正方法的变化),其次是2002年之后观测仪器的换型。这两次连续的元数据变化均造成了之后中国探空月平均温度出现了系统性的降低,这也是造成订正前后温度变化趋势存在差异的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
结合台站元数据，对京津冀地区179个国家气象站1951—2015年的日平均风速序列进行了非均一性检验和均一化订正，结果表明：造成序列非均一性的原因，按贡献大小依次是仪器切换占40%、站址迁移占34%、观测时制变更占18%、台站周围环境变化占8%。对比分析均一化序列和原始序列的线性趋势发现：1951—2015年，京津冀地区日平均风速呈下降趋势，均一化序列的下降速率明显更快；二者有相似的空间分布特征, 即河北西北部、北京、天津、河北东南部的西北—东南走向的带状区域中，风速的下降速率最快，河北西部次快，河北东北部最缓慢；均一化序列的下降速率明显偏快的区域主要在39°N以北。均一化序列准确反映了气候变化的特点，数据可靠。 相似文献
8.
基于国家气象信息中心"基础气象资料建设专项"研制的中国地面历史基础气象资料及台站元数据,利用RHtest V4软件包对天津1951~2012年的历史气温序列进行了均一性分析。结果显示,通过惩罚最大t检验(PMT)方法对12个地面站逐日平均、最高、最低气温序列检验得到,迁站是导致平均气温和最低气温序列突变的主要原因,同类型仪器更换则是导致最高气温序列突变的主要原因,而2005年以后的自动站业务化并没有对天津地区气温序列的均一性造成很大影响。同时,研究中也检验出少部分未知原因的显著间断点,可能是由于观测员的误判或观测仪器翘变等因素造成的历史数据疑误。从订正量来看,逐日平均气温和最高气温序列主要以正偏差订正为主,而最低气温则主要以负偏差订正为主。其中,最高气温序列的分位数匹配(QM)订正量均值最大,90%以上集中在0.1~1.0°C,平均气温序列的QM订正量均值相对最小,90%以上的订正量在-0.7~0.7°C,而最低气温的订正量90%以上集中在-1.5~1.5°C范围中。另外,以Xu et al.(2013)研制的数据集为参照,通过误差分析,发现两类研究得到的年(季节)尺度气温数据具有较高的相符率和一致性,从而可以说明本研究订正后的天津地区1951~2012年逐日气温序列具有一定的可靠性。 相似文献
9.
10.
基于序列均一性多元分析（MASH）和Climatol均一化方法,对1960—2021年中国573个气象站逐月蒸发皿蒸发量（PE）观测数据进行非均一化检验与订正,通过对比两种方法检测到的非均一性台站数、断点数、订正幅度等,定量评估均一化结果的不确定性。基于等权重集合均一化逐月蒸发皿蒸发量序列数据集揭示了近60年中国年、季节蒸发皿蒸发量的时、空演变特征。结果表明：MASH和Climatol均能有效检测出逐月序列中的非均一性断点,前者检测到的非均一性台站数较少、断点数较多但订正幅度较小。集合均一化序列表明：1960—2021年中国平均的冬、秋季蒸发皿蒸发量增大速率分别为0.27和1.10 mm/（10 a）,春、夏季和全年的下降速率分别为8.38、9.83和16.83 mm/（10 a）。订正后蒸发皿蒸发量在春、夏季和全年大部分观测站呈下降趋势,分别占81.7%、80.8%和80.3%,冬、秋季多呈上升趋势,分别占57.1%和60.4%。冬季在东北、青藏高原东部、华南、西南（云南除外）地区呈上升趋势;春季除华东沿海、陕西南部、川渝北部及湖北西部等地区外,其他大部分地区均呈下降趋势;夏季大部分... 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献