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1.
《气象》2018,(湖北梅汛)
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析逐日资料和其他常规观测资料,对2016年湖北省梅雨期一次罕见极端强降水过程气象因子的异常特征进行分析。结果表明:异常的高低纬度环流形势配合,为此次极端降水过程的发生提供了有利的环流背景。500 hPa副热带高压较气候平均值显著偏强,有利于副热带高压西侧水汽输送加强,使得低层南风距平较气候平均值异常偏强;850 hPa低涡强烈发展配合200 hPa分流区的形成,导致垂直方向上动力抬升也表现出一定的异常性;此外对该过程中极端降水站点上空的气象因子分析发现,水汽因子(PW)、不稳定因子(K指数)和动力因子(850 hPa散度)绝对值均比气候平均值偏高了1.5个σ以上,并且超过历史相关统计值的上四分位值。最后给出了此次过极端强降水过程的天气概念模型及气象因子异常度的定量配置图。 相似文献
2.
基于国家自动站及区域自动站降水观测资料、欧洲中心大气再分析资料（ERA5）分析了河南“21·7”过程的降水特征及环流和物理量的异常性，并对比1981年以来郑州和鹤壁50 mm以上强降水过程的物理量特征。结果表明：1）“21·7”强降水过程在累计降水量、强降水覆盖范围、日雨量和小时雨强等方面均表现出显著极端性，过程累计降水量超过400 mm的站点集中分布在太行山东麓沿山地区和伏牛山东侧迎风坡一侧，与地形关系十分密切。2）南亚高压增强东伸，副热带高压异常偏强偏北，低纬度地区活跃的低值系统等大气环流异常，导致了水汽稳定持久向河南输送，太行山和伏牛山沿山一带水汽辐合偏离气候态最强超过-10σ，表现出显著极端性。3）“21·7”过程中，动力条件的异常特征十分显著，200 hPa的辐散中心分别位于伏牛山和太行山东麓沿山一带，相较历史气候态偏离度达到2σ～5σ；伏牛山沿山一带850 hPa涡度偏离气候态程度较太行山东麓一带更大，达6σ；而700 hPa上升运动则是太行山东麓一带极端性更强，标准差达-3σ～-5σ。4）与1981年以来同区域暴雨过程相比，“21·7”过程中，850 hPa涡度和700 hPa垂直速度的标准差为历次过程最大（最小）或次大（次小）者，对暴雨极端性有指示意义，地形附近历次暴雨过程物理量统计显示，伏牛山和太行山东麓的850 hPa辐合及700 hPa垂直速度平均偏离气候态超过3σ（-3σ），且偏离程度与日雨量呈正相关。 相似文献
3.
《湖北气象》2021,40(4)
利用江西省83个气象观测站1961—2018年春季(3—5月)逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,对江西春季降水异常的大气环流特征及其对ENSO事件的响应进行了研究。结果表明:江西春季降水异常偏多年,中层500 hPa中高纬地区受欧亚型环流(EU型)影响,乌拉尔山附近阻塞高压系统活动频繁,贝加尔湖地区低槽偏强,西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高,下同)偏强,有利于北方冷空气南下并与偏南暖湿气流在江西上空交汇;低层850 hPa菲律宾以东西太平洋地区为异常反气旋环流控制,造成南海水汽向江西地区输送加强。而江西春季降水异常偏少年,其环流特征表现则与之相反。ENSO是影响江西春季降水的重要强迫信号,厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)衰减年,春季东亚地区低层850 hPa西太副高偏强(弱),有(不)利南海上空水汽向江西地区输送,低层辐合(辐散)和高层200 hPa辐散(辐合)形成的动力抬升条件是造成江西地区降水偏多(少)的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
本文基于华北夏季降水数据、NCEP/NCAR再分析环流数据,采用了相关、合成和环流异常回归重构等方法,分析了东亚副热带夏季风指数、华北大气动力上升指数与华北夏季降水的关系。主要结果如下:1)东亚副热带夏季风指数、华北大气动力上升指数与华北夏季降水有很好的对应关系。当两个指数偏强时,华北夏季降水会异常偏多;两个指数偏弱,华北夏季降水异常偏少;如果两个指数强弱不一致时,华北会出现区域性降水偏多情况,但全区整体降水量基本为正常值。2)华北夏季降水异常是东亚副热带夏季风和华北大气动力上升运动协同作用的结果。在东亚副热带夏季风指数、华北大气动力上升指数偏强年,夏季500 hPa层贝加尔湖槽会加深、西北太平洋副热带高压会偏北,华北处于“东高西低”的环流型控制下,西部低槽东移受阻,在华北维持较长时间的大气上升运动;850 hPa层印度夏季风、东亚副热带夏季风会偏强,这时热带印度洋西风水汽输送以及东亚副热带地区偏南风水汽输送或东南风水汽输送会加强,华北水汽来源充足。这种高、低空环流配置非常有利于造成华北夏季降水异常偏多。反之,华北夏季降水会异常偏少。3)前期4—5月,东亚副热带夏季风指数、华北大气动力上升指数偏强,可以作为华北夏季降水异常偏多的一个气候监测预测指标。 相似文献
5.
利用ERA5逐小时0.25°×0.25°再分析资料、地面自动监测站以及FY-4A卫星、多普勒雷达、激光雨滴谱仪等精细化监测资料,对2021年7月11日山西晋城极端强降水过程的宏微观特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）此次极端强降水是继1961年以来晋城7月降水出现的第二高极端降水;高空急流入口区右侧强辐散、低空急流出口区风速辐合、低涡暖式切变线附近强辐合是极端强降水的宏观动力条件;低空急流将水汽源源不断向极端强降水区输送,整层大气可降水量高达65 mm以上是极端强降水发生的宏观水汽条件;500 hPa高度槽超前700 hPa和850 hPa冷式切变线是此次极端强降水发生的宏观动力不稳定条件。（2）极端强降水落区位于500 hPa高度槽、 850 hPa和700 hPa暖切变线、地面干线所围成的不规则四边形区域,且与500 hPa T-Td≤4℃、 700 hPa T-Td≤3℃、 850 hPa T-Td≤2℃、 Ki指数≥38℃、 Si指数≤-1℃所控制的区域相重叠,在对流云团西南侧亮温梯度的大值区和云团西南部的低亮温区,即在地面干线和地面中尺度切变线0～30 km范围内极端降水量最大。（... 相似文献
6.
对1991年5-7月江淮流域持续性暴雨的环流异常进行分析,比较造成此次洪涝的水汽输送和冷空气活动重要性。结果表明：（1）东亚大槽维持在中国东北上空发展明显,同时鄂霍次克海上空没有建立强大阻高,这种形势有利于冷空气持续向南侵袭,盛行经向环流。此外,低纬度地区,西太平洋副热带高压主体位置于常年同期相比,明显偏西、偏强,有利于暖湿气流沿副热带高压北上到达江淮流域,与北方冷空气辐合形成强降水。（2）通过定义IT和Iq分别表征温度与水汽对降水的贡献,发现此次江淮流域地区强降水是由对流层低层水汽异常增多和气温异常偏低共同造成的,作用基本相当。 相似文献
7.
利用常规气象资料和卫星云图资料,采用天气学诊断方法,从大尺度环流背景、天气系统、物理量场、对流云团演变特征等方面,分析了2006年7月3～4日出现在湖北郧西的一次暴雨天气过程的成因。结果表明,此次暴雨是在副热带高压减弱东退形势下产生的;700 hPa和850 hPa的冷槽、切变线是此次强降水的主要影响系统,暴雨区位于700 hPa切变线右侧、850 hPa切变线附近;暴雨区上空存在明显正涡度柱,低层辐合与中高层辐散形成抽吸作用,为暴雨过程发生发展提供了动力条件;存在于孟加拉湾至我国西南地区的水汽通道为暴雨过程提供了必需的水汽;整个暴雨过程都伴随着中尺度对流云团的初生、发展、合并和减弱,降水主要由发展型对流云团造成。 相似文献
8.
利用NCEP和FNL再分析资料及地面气象观测站气温等观测资料,对2018年12月28日至31日广西发生的一次极端低温雨雪冰冻事件进行天气形势分析.结果 表明,乌拉尔山阻塞高压强而稳定,贝加尔湖附近500hPa气温有-52℃的冷中心,同时与横槽配合,是地面冷空气中心堆积加强的原因;副热带高压的异常偏强,造成广西南北温差较大;中纬度锋区强盛,850hPa南北温度梯度达22℃,提供了热力和动力条件;中低层锋区的结构造成了广西北部和中部、南部降水相态的明显区别;持续且深厚的水汽输送为这次低温雨雪冰冻过程提供有利的水汽条件. 相似文献
9.
中国东部夏季极端降水事件及大气环流异常分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
主要利用1961~2014年中国东部地区438个台站的逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料,从大气内部动力角度对夏季不同极端降水情况下的环境场进行分析,结果表明:对长江中下游地区而言,在极端降水频次偏多年时,850 hPa风场及整层水汽输送距平场均表明东亚夏季风偏弱,有利于更多的水汽输送到长江中下游地区,500 hPa鄂霍次克海阻塞高压持续日数偏多,有利于冷空气南下,200 hPa东亚副热带急流偏南,且30°N以南偏西风异常有利于辐散,而在斜压波包从西北东南向传播为极端降水事件分发生集聚了能量;对华北地区极端降水频次偏多年而言,850 hPa风场及整层的水汽输送距平场均表明东亚夏季风偏强,有利于更多的水汽输送到华北地区,500 hPa高度距平场日本海正距平,贝加尔湖蒙古地区为负距平,华北地区东高西低,200 hPa东亚副热带急流偏北,从而导致我国华北地区极端降水频次偏多,能量传播也为西北东南向。这些结果表明极端降水的变化,与大气内部的动力作用和能量的传播有密切的关系。 相似文献
10.
利用观测资料及模式结果探讨了EP/CP El Ni?o事件对华南前汛期（4—6月）降水异常的影响。结果发现,EP和CP型相关的华南前汛期降水异常分布之间存在明显月际差异,表现为4、5月EP（CP）型相关的降水异常以偏多（少）为主;6月则相反,EP（CP）型的降水呈负（正）异常分布。分析表明,EP型相关的4、5月偏强的副热带高压与850 hPa上西北太平洋反气旋异常相配合,有利于水汽从海洋向陆地输送,且两广地区水汽辐合,降水异常偏多;而6月相关的500 hPa异常场上对应偏强的东亚大槽,不利于水汽输送,且广东地区处于水汽辐散区,对应降水偏少。CP型相关的4、5月对应500 hPa上东亚大槽偏强,不利于水汽往陆地输送,且华南为水汽辐散,降水偏少;6月的500 hPa上呈现“+-+”的东亚-太平洋遥相关波列（EAP）型,华南地区为明显的水汽辐合,降水偏多。GFDL模式较好地再现了EP /CP型的4、5月降水异常分布及大气环流形势,但是对6月的模拟存在一定偏差。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献