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1.
利用SRTM3高分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)对佛山市已建成的4部X波段双偏振雷达进行地形遮挡分析。结果表明:南海、三水、顺德雷达在0.5°低仰角遮挡严重,而高明雷达在0.5°低仰角基本没有遮挡。在1.5°仰角除三水还有少量遮挡外,其他雷达基本没有遮挡。另外,南海、三水雷达仰角1.8°、2.8°,顺德雷达仰角1.5°、2.5°,高明雷达仰角0.5°、1.5°低层2层仰角组网的扫描数据比较可靠。X波段双偏振雷达总的覆盖面积约为30005km^2,2部雷达共同观测面积为22569km^2,占总覆盖面积的75%,3部雷达共同观测面积为12503km^2,占总覆盖面积的42%,4部雷达共同观测面积为5608km^2,占总覆盖面积的19%。佛山市X波段雷达整体的遮挡率比较低、覆盖面积大、布网情况好。 相似文献
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基于高分辨率高程数据统计分析新一代天气雷达组网的地形遮挡影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新一代天气雷达由于受到地形限制产生波束遮挡导致波束能量衰减,从而造成雷达探测回波强度偏弱、雷达定量估测降水结果失真,因此对于雷达波束遮挡情况的统计和分析是一项重要的基础研究工作。利用SRTM （Shuttle Radar Topography Mission）数字高程数据对中国目前业务运行的212部新一代天气雷达波束遮挡情况进行模拟计算分析。计算结果包括雷达单站遮蔽角、VCP21模式0.5°、1.5°、2.4°、3.4°、4.3°仰角波束遮挡率、混合扫描及分区混合扫描波束遮挡率、雷达单站探测范围覆盖情况;计算并绘制全国天气雷达组网遮挡率拼图,统计全国天气雷达组网遮挡情况;利用2019年8月广东省11部天气雷达基数据对比验证单站及组网遮挡计算结果。结果表明雷达组网探测面积覆盖率超过70%,整体覆盖效果较好,遮挡计算结果与实际数据对比验证结果高度一致,对雷达数据订正、降水估测等产品具有正贡献。 相似文献
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提出计算地表任意一点上空对应的特定高度的雷达探测覆盖率的方法,并利用地形高程数据,研究了陕西及周边省份23部新一代天气雷达的探测能力。此外,对3部高山雷达站负仰角观测模式进行了数值模拟,给出最优的最低观测仰角。结果表明,新一代天气雷达对陕西上空不同高度的一重覆盖率和二重覆盖率分别为:0.5 km高度为48.6%、2.3%,1 km高度为80.0%、18.9%,2 km高度为98.7%、74.5%,3 km高度为99.9%、97.1%,4 km高度均为100%。将陕西3部X波段天气雷达考虑在内的话,1 km高度的一重覆盖率和二重覆盖率分别提升至82.7%、32.1%。在此基础上,依据年平均降雨量、GDP和人口数量,提出了计算陕西境内雷达覆盖盲区(县)建设雷达优先级的方法。研究可为未来在雷达覆盖盲区建设天气雷达提供理论和技术支撑。 相似文献
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《高原气象》2015,(6)
准确分析雷达的覆盖能力是应用新一代天气雷观测数据的重要基础,本文提出依据0℃层高度和雷达波束阻挡来分析雷达降水估算有效覆盖范围的方法,并以浙江为例,客观评估了新一代天气雷达针对降水估算的区域覆盖能力。分别评估雷达网当前业务中默认的降水估算混合扫描方法和考虑地形影响的混合扫描方法的覆盖效果,结果表明:相对SA雷达230 km的降水估算半径,本地主汛期内有17%的区域因波束太高而不适宜于降水估算;而在适宜高度范围内的有效覆盖与波束阻挡直接相关;无论哪种方法,因波束阻挡产生的盲区都较小;而业务默认方法由于未处理波束阻挡,导致35%的降水低估风险区,浙江大部分地区都存在低估风险;而考虑波束阻挡后有效覆盖区达82%以上,且对全年绝大部分降水的区域覆盖效果都相当好。鉴于浙江雷达网良好的覆盖能力,提出改进的雷达降水估算混合扫描方法,即在应用波束阻挡的同时,以本地0℃层为波束高度约束,从所有仰角中提取混合扫描数据。对比分析表明,该方法不仅满足区域覆盖的要求,而且估算的降水空间分布与地面观测实况的一致性最好。 相似文献
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范思睿 《高原山地气象研究》2016,36(4):79-85
地形对波束遮挡是影响雷达观测资料质量的重要误差源之一。基于SRTM数据的雷达波束遮挡能量耗损率方法是根据雷达站地理位置及其周围一定范围内的地形信息,计算出探测目标时波束能量的耗损百分比。可以用于对雷达波束能量遮挡进行定量订正,提高雷达基数据质量控制精度。本文详细介绍了波束遮挡能量耗损率计算原理和方法,并利用晴空回波特点分析了波束遮挡对雷达回波强度的影响;提出雷达回波概率特征方法,通过建立北京CINRAD/SA雷达样本数据集,统计得到不同仰角层的概率空间分布,并与波束遮挡能量耗损率进行对比分析。结果表明:雷达波束遮挡能量耗损率与实际雷达回波资料统计的概率空间分布有很好的一致性。 相似文献
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利用北京南郊S波段雷达2011—2016年的观测资料,从雷达气候统计的角度,利用不同强度回波发生频率的统计特征及其空间分布特征,对雷达地物杂波和波束遮挡的识别与订正方法进行研究。结果表明:①利用雷达回波出现频率特征,可以很好地识别雷达近中心地物杂波和受地形高度影响的地物杂波特征;同时还可以直观地识别出雷达波束遮挡区域以及遮挡程度。北京南郊雷达地物杂波主要分布在近雷达中心和北京西部、西北部的山前地区,地物杂波主要集中在0.5°仰角和1.5°仰角层上。雷达波束遮挡主要集中在由高大建筑引起遮挡的东南方位向和由于地形引起波束遮挡的西西北方位向,波束遮挡主要集中在0.5°仰角层。②采用局部可变区域平均垂直廓线方法利用高仰角回波订正低仰角回波,能有效订正地物杂波,并保留回波的局部特征。对于波束遮挡区域的回波填补,也能够较好地保持上下层仰角回波之间的连续性,同时兼顾了回波不均性分布等特性。③基于雷达气候特征进行地物杂波识别和波束遮挡识别,无需依照先验知识,相比于传统方法能更好地反映本地雷达回波真实情况,且具有方法简单、可快速复用、本地适用性强等优点。 相似文献
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刘军建 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,14(5):76-83
地物回波直接影响雷达定量探测降水物质以及雷达资料同化的应用，基于回波纹理变化以及径向速度参数开展新疆C波段多普勒雷达地物回波识别方法应用研究。通过雷达探测范围内第一层至第三层仰角地形遮挡与FY-2H总云量信息，对不同天气条件下新疆伊宁、喀什两部雷达低层仰角的地物回波识别方法效果进行定性分析，结果表明：晴空天气条件下，该方法不仅能够有效识别雷达站附近的地物回波，同时对因地形遮挡引起的地物回波也能进行有效识别；在降水天气条件下，能够有效识别地物回波且未对降水回波造成误判；高分辨率的地形数据以及卫星产品对雷达地物回波的识别有一定指导意义，可作为判定因子进一步改进雷达质控方法。 相似文献
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基于天气雷达网三维拼图的混合反射率因子生成技术 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
首先基于1:25万的DEM(digital elevation model)数据、雷达站点信息、雷达波束高斯分布模式和标准大气情况下的波束传播路径计算了雷达的波束阻挡率,并把它与雷达实测的反射率因子分布情况进行比较,发现两者具有很好的定性一致性和很强的定量相关性;其次根据设置的波束阻挡率阈值和波束下限(波束底部越过地形的高度)阈值得到不受地形阻挡的最小扫描仰角在同一平面上的投影,即混合扫描仰角,这样计算出来的混合扫描仰角与雷达扫描方式无关,可用于不同扫描方式下的混合扫描反射率因子(没有波束阻挡的最低扫描仰角的反射率因子在同一平面上的投影)的获取;然后根据混合扫描仰角,利用标准大气情况下的雷达测高公式计算等射束高度,把来自雷达网中各雷达的等射束高度进行拼接得到等射束高度拼图,其中在各雷达重叠覆盖区,取最小的等射束高度;最后利用新一代天气雷达网三维拼图反射率因子数据以及等射束高度拼图数据得到天气雷达网的混合反射率因子,以便用于大范围降水估算算法中的降水率的计算. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献