共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
利用大气观测、探测及污染物探测资料、NCEP再分析资料和GDAS资料,对2013年10月26—29日一次持续性重霾天气过程中的气象要素和气溶胶演变特征进行分析。结果表明:本次持续性霾天气过程中,临沂地区PM_(2.5)污染严重,大气中PM_(2.5)的小时平均浓度工业区城区郊区,污染最严重时分别为365,344,284μg·m~(-3);较小的地面平均风速及PM_(2.5)浓度的稳定上升和较低的地面湿度为本次霾天气过程的形成和发展提供了有利条件;当临沂地区以南风或西南风为主时,市区霾天气加重,上游空气污染具有平流输送特征。贴地逆温层的形成,导致污染物在低空不断积累,造成污染浓度的持续升高。地方政府应加快产业结构调整,控制企业的污染物排放,才是治理雾霾的根本办法。 相似文献
2.
天津冬季重霾污染过程及气象和边界层特征分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
京津冀大气灰霾污染严重,天津市作为其核心组成之一其污染形势亦严峻。选取2013年2月20~28日天津重霾污染时段7站PM2.5(空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5μm的颗粒物,即细颗粒物)和气态污染物数据,结合北京污染数据、地面气象要素、能见度、边界层温湿和风廓线、后向轨迹,深入分析重霾污染过程特征及气象和边界层成因。结果显示,研究时段天津PM2.5、SO2、NO2、CO和O3浓度均值为150、87、56、2.4和22μg m-3,气态污染物各站差异显著,但仅有SO2全面超过国家空气质量一级标准(50μg m-3),而PM2.5具有区域同步变化特征,且严重超标,是一级标准(35μg m-3)的2~8倍,最高小时均值高达364μg m-3;高浓度PM2.5是导致低能见度的主因,能见度小于10 km对应PM2.5阈值为50μg m-3。弱风和高湿度导致局地排放累积,PM2.5始增,在高湿度条件下,持续偏南风促使其稳步增加,配合弱北风和弱东风PM2.5震荡上扬,污染高值阶段,南北气流短时迅速切换,区域污染传输叠加污染的循环累积,PM2.5浓度峰值达到最高;除因边界层强东风导致的平流逆温外,高浓度PM2.5与平流逆温密切相关;高污染时段高湿主要集中在500 m以下,且随高度递减幅度较大;位于200~600 m的低空急流一定程度抑制污染上升,尤其持续强东风使PM2.5浓度稳步降低到二级水平,污染迅速有效清除最终依赖整层的强西北风。北京、环绕天津的河北中部和西南部地区对天津重污染有显著贡献。 相似文献
3.
北京雾、霾天细粒子质量浓度垂直梯度变化的观测 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
近年来北京城市区域雾霾天气显著增加,不仅严重影响工农业生产和交通运输,还严重影响人体健康.2007年夏秋季节,北京325 m气象塔8、80和240m平台梯度观测结果表明,雾、霾、晴三种典型天气状况大气细粒子质量浓度垂直分布各有特点,雾天(11月5～6日)低层浓度明显偏高,6日从低到高3层PM2.5(空气动力学直径小于等于2.5μ的大气气溶胶)浓度日均值分别为352.6±79.3、224.7±69.0、214.8±32.8 μg·m~(-3);霾天(8月19～20日)细粒子上下混合均匀,19日从低到高3层PM2.5浓度分别为89.8±29.3、88.9±29.8、90.0±31.7 μg·m~(-3);晴天(8月22～23日)细粒子昼夜变化明显,夜间在80 m高度出现明显分层,23日80 m以下平均值为32.6±13.1μg·m~(-3),240 m平均值为27.4±13.5μg·m~(-3).雾天细粒子主要来源于局地,霾天细粒子污染表现为时空分布十分均匀的城市群区域污染特征且污染物积累;连续晴天细粒子明显被清除. 相似文献
4.
京津冀地区一次严重霾天气过程及其影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用大气污染监测资料、常规气象观测资料及NCEP再分析资料,对2013年1月9—17日京津冀地区一次严重霾天气过程的特征及其与气象条件的关系进行分析。结果表明：此次霾天气过程京津冀地区6个城市（北京、天津、石家庄、保定、邯郸、唐山）的PM10、SO2和NO2污染物日平均浓度均较高,变化趋势基本相同,其中PM10日平均浓度的变化幅度最大,峰值出现在11—13日之间;石家庄、保定和邯郸市的污染最严重,PM10日平均浓度最大值分别为0.94 mg·m－3、0.95 mg·m－3和0.82 mg·m－3。SO2和NO2日平均浓度的变化幅度较小,但浓度值均较大,基本为0.10 mg·m－3以上。影响此次霾天气过程的大范围环流形势为纬向型,存在较强的逆温层,弱下沉运动使近地层大气处于静稳状态,不利于污染物扩散,而近地面较小的风速和低层相对湿度小于90％为霾的形成提供了有利条件。另外,后向轨迹分析表明,此次污染过程京津冀地区的气团主要来自新疆地区,路径主要是从西北气流转为西南气流,携带南方的湿空气和污染物向京津冀地区输送。 相似文献
5.
2013年1月10-14日,北京平原地区出现了水平能见度在2 km以下、以PM2.5为首要污染物、空气质量持续5 d维持在重度以上污染水平的霾天气。综合分析此次霾天气过程的天气形势、北京地区常规和加密气象资料以及城郊连续观测的PM2.5浓度资料。结果表明：此霾过程期间,北京高空以平直纬向环流为主,受西北偏西气流控制,没有明显冷空气南下影响北京地区,地面多为不利于污染物扩散和稀释的弱气压场;大气层结稳定、风速小(日平均风速小于2 m·s-1)、相对湿度较大（日平均相对湿度在70 %以上）、逆温频率高强度大,边界层内污染物的水平和垂直扩散能力差;北京城区及南部的京津冀地区人类活动排放污染物强度大,在相对稳定和高湿的天气背景下,受地形和城市局地环流的影响,北京本地污染物累积和区域污染物输送以及PM2.5细粒子在高湿条件下的物理化学转化等过程共同作用造成此次北京城区及平原地区污染物浓度快速增长并持续偏高,高浓度PM2.5对大气消光有显著影响,造成低能见度和持续霾天气。 相似文献
6.
利用气象、环境、卫星遥感火点监测等资料，从环流形势、气象要素、污染物和污染传输特征等方面对哈尔滨2018年4月4日夜间至5日白天罕见重度霾天气成因进行分析。结果表明，此次重度霾天气首要污染物为PM2.5，污染最重时PM2.5浓度高达507μg?m-3，秸秆焚烧是污染物的主要来源，既有本地源又有外地源，利用HYSPLIT模型模拟出这次重度霾天气污染传输特征。重度霾时段，近地面风速小，为1.5m·s-1左右，最小为0.1m·s-1，风向呈弱气旋性辐合、湿度增大有利于形成霾。低层存在较强的贴地逆温，逆温层顶高度约为100m,逆温强度约为1.5℃/100m，不利于污染物在垂直方向上扩散。地面均压场和高空弱高压脊、暖锋锋区和暖平流为这次重度霾天气提供了有利的大气环流背景条件。 相似文献
7.
《气象与环境学报》2016,(6)
基于2015年秋末冬初华北地区频繁出现的大范围重污染天气过程,利用无人直升机搭载的气溶胶采样装置和激光粒子计数器对北京顺义及房山地区近地面大气颗粒物进行探测,分析了重雾霾天气大气颗粒物的质量浓度和数浓度廓线及其分布特征。结果表明:北京地区重雾霾天气过程粒径小于1.0μm的气溶胶数浓度随高度变化不明显,粒径大于1.0μm的气溶胶数浓度随高度呈弱的减小趋势,说明重污染天气条件下近地面层大气颗粒物的粒子数相对稳定,亚微米级气溶胶数浓度较高,而粗粒子气溶胶数浓度较低。基于无人直升机搭载的气溶胶采样装置采集的气溶胶样品的质量浓度廓线表明,50 m高度大气颗粒物质量浓度较高,最大浓度达700μg·m-3。 相似文献
8.
辽宁中部城市群灰霾污染的外来影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用MODIS(MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)卫星资料、空气质量监测资料、地面气象资料及后向轨迹方法,对辽宁中部城市群代表性城市——沈阳市2009年全年发生的30 d首要污染物为PM10(空气动力学当量直径小于等于10μm的颗粒物,即可吸入颗粒物)且空气污染指数API(Air pollution Index)为3级及以上污染过程的天气形势及污染来源进行了综合分析。研究结果表明:引发3级以上重污染事件的天气形势主要为4类,分别为高压均压场型(包括高压后均压场型、高压前均压场型和高压内均压场型)、长白山小高压型、弱低压场型及地形槽型。发生污染天气时气流主要有两个来向,即西南方向的京津冀来向和偏北方向的内蒙和长春来向。气流来自偏南方向的天数最多,为19 d。其中最容易受京津冀影响的天气型为高压后均压场型和地形槽型,共有8 d,占总污染天数的26.7%。因此,来自京津冀的外来输送对于辽宁中部城市群霾污染的影响不容小视,辽宁中部城市群空气质量的改善与临近区域的改善紧密相关。 相似文献
9.
《干旱气象》2016,(6)
利用陕西关中多站气象观测资料和颗粒物浓度监测资料,对2013年12月16—26日关中一次持续多日重霾污染天气过程的颗粒物污染特征及气象条件进行统计分析。结果表明,此次重霾污染事件主要是由细粒子PM_(2.5)造成。关中各站颗粒物浓度在污染过程中的变化具有区域同步性特征,各站PM_(2.5)浓度日均值的相关系数达0.71~0.96,且严重超标,区域最高小时浓度均值达508μg·m~(-3),污染非常严重。关中盆地特殊的喇叭口地形以及关中东部持续的强东风使得区域污染传输叠加本地污染循环累积,是17日关中各站PM_(2.5)浓度剧增的主要原因。污染严重阶段,西安和渭南持续的弱风和静风使得局地排放的污染物聚集,引起PM_(2.5)浓度振荡上扬;宝鸡21日PM_(2.5)浓度的爆发式增长则是由上游西安和渭南储备的高浓度PM_(2.5)在持续偏东风作用下远程传输所致;而铜川受山谷风影响,PM_(2.5)浓度具有显著日变化特征。长时间贴地、悬浮的多层逆温和低混合层高度的存在,抑制了污染物的垂直扩散,也造成低空水汽聚集在近地层,是PM_(2.5)浓度持续累积增长的重要原因。关中此次重霾污染的快速有效清除最终依赖于冷高压加强南下。 相似文献
10.
利用2016年12月14日—2017年1月3日安徽寿县国家气候观象台大气边界层垂直探测资料、地面自动气象站资料、污染物浓度资料及天气图资料,对该地区两次重污染的积累和清除过程进行了分析,得到以下结论:1)两次重污染过程均起源于地面弱风(风速3 m/s)、高湿(相对湿度80%)等不利气象条件,导致污染物局地积累。再通过大风、降水、大雾过程等有利的扩散、沉降条件,对污染物进行清除。2)天气形势在重污染积累过程中起到了重要作用。主要特征表现为,高低空层结稳定,且低空处于湿区内部,多受暖舌控制或伴有暖平流。第一次重污染清除过程中,控制寿县地区的天气系统逐渐转变为低压,风向转为偏东风,并伴有降水天气。第二次污染物清除过程,则是大雾湿沉降和逆温层消除共同导致。3)重污染积累过程中边界层高度均偏低,最大高度也仅为500 m,对污染物垂直扩散范围有所限制,进而影响局地污染物浓度。重污染过程逆温现象多发,近地层逆温主要发生在夜间和清晨,逆温强度最强可达3℃/(100 m),污染物在逆温层低层和底部之下堆积。 相似文献
11.
摘 要: 利用2014—2021年克州暖季( 4—10月)103个自动站逐小时降水资料,对其小时极端降水时空分布特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)降水量呈南部少于北部,平原少于山区、高海拔山区较小的特征;降水频次集中在西部山区,东南部最少;降水强度北部和平原大于西部和西南部山区。(2)克州暖季（4—10月）小时极端降水阈值、强度、频次和贡献率的局地差异明显,其贡献率高值区主要分布在平原和浅山区。(3)小时极端降水频次的高值时段为18:00—21:00,低值时段为13:00—16:00;降水强度在凌晨以及20:00—22:00较大,在12:00—13:00较小。(4)山区、浅山区和平原3类不同海拔梯度区域的小时极端降水指标存在差异,其中平原降水强度最大,频次最低;高海拔山区降水强度最低,频次最高。 相似文献
12.
利用1981—2021年云贵高原中部45个气象观测站逐日平均气温资料,以及NCEP2.5°×2.5°再分析日资料，采用倒春寒指数计算、分级以及合成分析等方法，分析云贵高原中部倒春寒天气年际、年代际变化特征，并确定特重级倒春寒年和无倒春寒年为倒春寒极端类型年，对比分析其环流特征，以期找出其预报指标。结果表明：（1）1981—2021年云贵高原中部区域年度倒春寒标准化指数总体呈下降趋势,且在1998年前后具有一个十分明显的突变（α=0.01）。特重级和重级倒春寒年基本发生在20世纪80年代和90年代，进入21世纪后，以轻级倒春寒年和无倒春寒年为主。（2）在特重级倒春寒年，500 hPa极涡偏强，亚洲中高纬呈现出西高东低的异常环流型，有利于东亚地区环流径向度加大，同时50°N以南温度基本呈负距平分布，表明冷空气活动异常活跃，从而造成地面云贵准静止锋偏强。与此同时，700 hPa上，云贵高原受异常气旋式环流东侧的偏东气流控制，与华北异常反气旋式环流底部的偏东气流在云贵高原上空辐合，将南海和东海的水汽向云贵高原上空输送，从而有利于低温和降水天气的形成。在无倒春寒年，上述形势相反。（3）在特重级倒春寒年，前期夏季、秋季、冬季和同期春季中东太平洋海温均表现为东部型厄尔尼诺；而在无倒春寒年，均表现为中部型厄尔尼诺。 相似文献
13.
华南冬季气温异常与ENSO的关系 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用1951一2012年华南192个测站逐月气温资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析月资料、NCC的ENSO监测资料,采用相关分析和合成分析等方法分析了华南冬季气温异常与ENSO的关系。结果表明:华南冬季气温对La Nina事件的响应比对E1 Nino事件显著,La Nina事件当年华南冬季气温以偏低为主,极强La Nina事件对应的华南冬季气温显著偏低,而中部型La Nina事件出现过华南冬季气温显著偏高的情况。当La Nina(El Nino)事件为东部型、Nino区海温异常的峰值月份出现在秋冬季,当年华南冬季气温易偏低(高)。从年际尺度上,当La Nina发生时,在对流层低层激发西太平洋异常气旋环流和北风异常,对应对流层中层北太平洋高压、乌拉尔山高压脊和东亚大槽南段均加强,西太平洋副热带高压减弱,东亚中高纬经向环流明显,冬季风偏强,导致我国大部分地区包括华南冬季气温偏冷,反之亦然。El Nino事件对华南冬季气温的影响具有年代际差异。对应华南冬季气温年代际变化的海温变化明显的区域位于北太平洋,而与ENSO关系不明显。 相似文献
14.
The 2015/16 El Ni?o displayed a distinct feature in the SST anomalies over the far eastern Pacific(FEP)compared to the 1997/98 extreme case.In contrast to the strong warm SST anomalies in the FEP in the 1997/98 event,the FEP warm SST anomalies in the 2015/16 El Ni?o were modest and accompanied by strong southeasterly wind anomalies in the southeastern Pacific.Exploring possible underlying causes of this distinct difference in the FEP may improve understanding of the diversity of extreme El Ni?os.Here,we employ observational analyses and numerical model experiments to tackle this issue.Mixed-layer heat budget analysis suggests that compared to the 1997/98 event,the modest FEP SST warming in the 2015/16 event was closely related to strong vertical upwelling,strong westward current,and enhanced surface evaporation,which were caused by the strong southeasterly wind anomalies in the southeastern Pacific.The strong southeasterly wind anomalies were initially triggered by the combined effects of warm SST anomalies in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific(CEP)and cold SST anomalies in the southeastern subtropical Pacific in the antecedent winter,and then sustained by the warm SST anomalies over the northeastern subtropical Pacific and CEP.In contrast,southeasterly wind anomalies in the 1997/98 El Ni?o were partly restrained by strong anomalously negative sea level pressure and northwesterlies in the northeast flank of the related anomalous cyclone in the subtropical South Pacific.In addition,the strong southeasterly wind and modest SST anomalies in the 2015/16 El Ni?o may also have been partly related to decadal climate variability. 相似文献
15.
In recent decades, the typical El Nio events with the warmest SSTs in the tropical eastern Pacific have become less common, and a different of El Nio with the warmest SSTs in the central Pacific, which is flanked on the east and west by cooler SSTs, has become more fre-quent. The more recent type of El Nio was referred to as central Pacific El Nio, warm pool El Nio, or dateline El Nio, or the El Nio Modoki. Central Pacific El Nio links to a different tropical-to-extratropical teleconnection and exerts different impacts on climate, and several classification approaches have been proposed. In this study, a new classification approach is proposed, which is based on the linear combination (sum or difference) of the two leading Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) of tropical Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA), and the typical El Ni o index (TENI) and the central El Nio index (CENI) are able to be derived by projecting the observed SSTA onto these combinations. This classification not only reflects the characteristics of non-orthogonality between the two types of events but also yields one period peaking at approximate two to seven years. In particular, this classification can distin-guish the different impacts of the two types of events on rainfall in the following summer in East China. The typical El Nio events tend to induce intensified rainfall in the Yangtze River valley, whereas the central Pacific El Nio tends to induce intensified rainfall in the Huaihe River valley. Thus, the present approach may be appropriate for studying the impact of different types of El Nio on the East Asian climate. 相似文献
16.
The relationship between summer rainfall anomalies in northeast China and two types of El Ni?o events is investigated by using observation data and an AGCM. It is shown that, for different types of El Ni?o events, there is different rainfall anomaly pattern in the following summer. In the following year of a typical El Ni?o event, there are remarkable positive rainfall anomalies in the central-western region of northeast China, whereas the pattern of more rainfall in the south end and less rainfall in the north end of northeast China easily appears in an El Ni?o Modoki event. The reason for the distinct differences is that, associated with the different sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) along the equatorial Pacific, the large-scale circulation anomalies along east coast of East Asia shift northward in the following summer of El Ni?o Modoki events. Influenced by the anomalous anticyclone in Philippine Sea, southwesterly anomalies over eastern China strengthens summer monsoon and bring more water vapor to Northeast China. Meanwhile, convergence and updraft is strengthened by the anomalous cyclone right in Northeast China in typical El Ni?o events. These moisture and atmospheric circulation conditions are favorable for enhanced precipitation. However, because of the northward shift, the anomalous anticyclone which is in Philippine Sea in typical El Ni?o cases shifts to the south of Japan in Modoki years, and the anomalous cyclone which is in the Northeast China in typical El Ni?o cases shifts to the north of Northeast China, leading to the “dipole pattern” of rainfall anomalies. According to the results of numerical experiments, we further conform that the tropical SSTA in different types of El Ni?o event can give rise to observed rainfall anomaly patterns in Northeast China. 相似文献
17.
El Nio or La Nia manifest in December over the Pacific and will serve as an index for the forecasting of subsequent Indian summer monsoon,which occurs from June to mid-September.In the present article,an attempt is made to study the variation of latent heat flux (LHF) over the north Indian Ocean during strong El Nio and strong La Nia and relate it with Indian monsoon rainfall.During strong El Nio the LHF intensity is higher and associated with higher wind speed and lower cloud amount.During El Nio all India rainfall is having an inverse relation with LHF.Seasonal rainfall is higher in YY+1 (subsequent year) than YY (year of occurrence).However there is a lag in rainfall during El Nio YY+1 from June to July when compared with the monthly rainfall. 相似文献
18.
Xianghui FANG Fei ZHENG Kexin LI Zeng-Zhen HU Hongli REN Jie WU Xingrong CHEN Weiren LAN Yuan YUAN Licheng FENG Qifa CAI Jiang ZHU 《大气科学进展》2023,40(1):6-13
Based on the updates of the Climate Prediction Center and International Research Institute for Climate and Society(CPC/IRI) and the China Multi-Model Ensemble(CMME) El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) Outlook issued in April 2022, La Ni?a is favored to continue through the boreal summer and fall, indicating a high possibility of a three-year La Ni?a(2020–23). It would be the first three-year La Ni?a since the 1998–2001 event, which is the only observed three-year La Ni?a event since 1980. By exam... 相似文献
19.
Anomalous winter climate conditions in the Pacific rim during recent El Niño Modoki and El Niño events 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Present work compares impacts of El Niño Modoki and El Niño on anomalous climate in the Pacific rim during boreal winters of 1979–2005. El Niño Modoki (El Niño) is associated with tripole (dipole) patterns in anomalies of sea-surface temperature, precipitation, and upper-level divergent wind in the tropical Pacific, which are related to multiple “boomerangs” of ocean-atmosphere conditions in the Pacific. Zonal and meridional extents of those “boomerangs” reflect their independent influences, which are seen from lower latitudes in the west to higher latitudes in the east. In the central Pacific, more moisture is transported from the tropics to higher latitudes during El Niño Modoki owing to displacement of the wet “boomerang” arms more poleward toward east. Discontinuities at outer “boomerang” arms manifest intense interactions between tropical and subtropical/extratropical systems. The Pacific/North American pattern and related climate anomalies in North America found in earlier studies are modified in very different ways by the two phenomena. The seesaw with the dry north and the wet south in the western USA is more likely to occur during El Niño Modoki, while much of the western USA is wet during El Niño. The moisture to the southwestern USA is transported from the northward shifted ITCZ during El Niño Modoki, while it is carried by the storms traveling along the southerly shifted polar front jet during El Niño. The East Asian winter monsoon related anticyclone is over the South China Sea during El Niño Modoki as compared to its position over the Philippine Sea during El Niño, causing opposite precipitation anomalies in the southern East Asia between the two phenomena. 相似文献
20.
It is generally agreed that El Nino can be classified into East Pacific(EP)and Central Pacific(CP)types.Nevertheless,little is known about the relationship between these two types of El Ni?o and land surface climate elements.This study investigates the linkage between EP/CP El Ni?o and summer streamflow over the Yellow and Yangtze River basins and their possible mechanisms.Over the Yellow River basin,the anomalous streamflow always manifests as positive(negative)in EP(CP)years,with a correlation coefficient of 0.39(-0.37);while over the Yangtze River basin,the anomalous streamflow shows as positive in both EP and CP years,with correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.48,respectively.Analyses of the surface hydrological cycle indicate that the streamflow is more influenced by local evapotranspiration(ET)than precipitation over the Yellow River basin,while it is dominantly affected by precipitation over the Yangtze River basin.The different features over these two river basins can be explained by the anomalous atmospheric circulation,which is cyclonic(anticyclonic)north(south)of 30°N over East Asia.EP years are dominated by two anticyclones,which bring strong water vapor convergence and induce more precipitation but less ET,and subsequently increase streamflow and flooding risks.In CP years,especially over the Yellow River basin,two cyclones dominate and lead to water vapor divergence and reduce moisture arriving.Meanwhile,the ET enhances mainly due to local high surface air temperature,which further evaporates water from the soil.As a result,the streamflow decreases,which will then increase the drought risk. 相似文献