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1.
利用NECP 1°×1°网格点数据资料以及卫星云图、雷达回波、区域加密自动站资料等,对2009年5月10日山东大暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:西太平洋高压加强西伸,与西风带系统结合,使中低层切变线稳定少动和降水持续,西太平洋高压外围的西南气流为暴雨区提供了充足的水汽来源;暴雨区出现在水汽通量大值区长轴方向前端、水汽通量辐合区、水汽通量矢量气旋式弯曲拐角处以及强上升速度中心区;低层辐合、高层辐散垂直结构的移动方向为水汽辐合中心的长轴方向,当其长轴前方辐合减弱时,这种垂直结构趋于减弱;地面风速辐合线在鲁西北黄河沿岸的稳定维持对大暴雨落区具有较好的指示意义,中尺度雨团位于风速辐合线西段1个纬距左右,中尺度对流云团与中尺度雨团有较好的对应关系;强回波位于850 hPa切变线东侧,与地面中尺度辐合线、中尺度雨带位置相同,回波移动方向与回波伸展方向一致,形成典型的列车效应,是造成强降水的重要原因之一。 相似文献
2.
2015年6月1日江汉平原大暴雨过程诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料及湖北省地基GPS数据对2015年6月1日江汉平原一次大暴雨过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:稳定强盛的水汽输送通道建立是大暴雨形成的基础,降水强度和范围则与水汽通量辐合中心和大气可降水量增量中心关系密切。强降水开始前对流层低层出现能量锋区,监利和洪湖地区位于暖平流控制下的高能舌中,气旋性环流显著。对流层低层正螺旋度的加强与气旋性暖式切变的增强相一致,高层强辐散、低层强辐合并配合正涡度,且整层均为强上升运动的形势为低层中尺度涡旋的新生和发展提供了有利的动力条件。在有利的环境条件下,暖切变线上发生发展的α中尺度低涡及地面暖低压倒槽中对应的β中尺度低压和涡旋最终导致了此次强降水过程。 相似文献
3.
利用ERA5逐小时0.25°×0.25°再分析资料、地面自动监测站以及FY-4A卫星、多普勒雷达、激光雨滴谱仪等精细化监测资料,对2021年7月11日山西晋城极端强降水过程的宏微观特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）此次极端强降水是继1961年以来晋城7月降水出现的第二高极端降水;高空急流入口区右侧强辐散、低空急流出口区风速辐合、低涡暖式切变线附近强辐合是极端强降水的宏观动力条件;低空急流将水汽源源不断向极端强降水区输送,整层大气可降水量高达65 mm以上是极端强降水发生的宏观水汽条件;500 hPa高度槽超前700 hPa和850 hPa冷式切变线是此次极端强降水发生的宏观动力不稳定条件。（2）极端强降水落区位于500 hPa高度槽、 850 hPa和700 hPa暖切变线、地面干线所围成的不规则四边形区域,且与500 hPa T-Td≤4℃、 700 hPa T-Td≤3℃、 850 hPa T-Td≤2℃、 Ki指数≥38℃、 Si指数≤-1℃所控制的区域相重叠,在对流云团西南侧亮温梯度的大值区和云团西南部的低亮温区,即在地面干线和地面中尺度切变线0～30 km范围内极端降水量最大。（... 相似文献
4.
利用实况观测资料、中尺度自动站资料、中国气象局物理量分析资料和泰山多普勒雷达资料对2013 年7 月18 日发生在鲁西南至鲁中的暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明：强降水由500hPa西风槽、700hPa 切变线、850hPa低涡、地面辐合线、以及副热带高压西北边缘的暖湿气流共同影响造成。低层前期明显的持续升温为暴雨的产生创造了良好的热力条件,副高外围的水汽输送为此次暴雨提供了充足的水汽,同时暴雨区不稳定能量的维持和层结对流不稳定的结构,有利于暴雨的产生。地面中尺度辐合线的生成和发展, 是这次暴雨产生的启动机制, 暴雨的分布与地面辐合线的走向基本一致。强降水期间,沿低层切变线北侧东北气流南下的冷空气与暖空气交汇,使对流加强、降水强度加大。另外,泰安地处鲁中山区向西南开口的山谷的南部,偏南气流的迎风坡,有地形产生的偏南风的辐合和抬升,地形造成的辐合上升运动对泰安地区第一个强降水时段降水具有明显的增幅作用。两个强降水时段雷达回波为混合型降水回波,反射率因子强度一般在30～35dBz,最强达40dBz,其中第一个强降水时段回波对流发展的高度更高。特殊的地势地貌也是此次暴雨产生的重要原因。 相似文献
5.
利用地面自动站和区域气象站常规观测数据、MICAPS天气图、NCEP1°×1°再分析产品以及卫星和雷达产品,对陕西北部榆林市2016年8月11日20时—16日20时连续出现的对流性大暴雨天气进行水汽条件综合分析。结果表明:(1)这次连续出现的对流性大暴雨发生在西太平洋副热带高压强盛期,其外围的西南暖湿气流与贝湖加尔双冷涡底部分裂的冷空气在榆林上空交汇,两个系统都是稳定的大尺度系统,从而形成长时间对峙,有利于切变、辐合等低值系统生成和发展,触发对流性大暴雨。(2)连续大暴雨与对流有效位能呈正相关,容易出现在CAPE高能舌附近梯度最大处,对应850hPa辐合线附近暖区一侧。(3)连续大暴雨期间850hPa辐合线一直维持,水汽通道有孟加拉湾、南海、东海、黄海4个来源,通过南支槽和副高外围环流输送。(4)连续大暴雨的水汽输送特征分为触发、维持和增强3个阶段,在暴雨的启动阶段,干线过境和水汽辐合抬升起触发作用;维持阶段主要依赖深厚的湿层;增强阶段表现为更强的辐合和更强的上升运动带来更大的降水。(5)大暴雨在卫星云图上表现为高空槽云系上生成中尺度的暴雨云团,雷达回波图上表现为降水回波内部生成低层强辐合和高层强辐散,最大反射率因子为55dBz。 相似文献
6.
新疆北部暖区强降雪中尺度环境与落区分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2016,(1)
利用常规气象观测资料、ECMWF、T639(1°×1°)再分析资料和FY-2C卫星云图资料,对2003—2013年11月至次年3月新疆北部出现26次12 h暖区强降雪天气过程的中尺度环境场特征和降雪落区进行了分析。结果表明:强降雪产生在极涡型和短波低槽型两种环流形势下,强降雪区位于低槽前部,低空急流出口区前侧辐合区和高空急流入口区右侧辐散区以及700 hPa和850 hPa辐合线和暖切变线东部、北部及干线东南部,地面辐合线附近减压升温的重叠区域内。强降雪区上空,对流层整层为80%高湿区;500 hPa以下具有不稳定层结、风垂直切变大、斜压性强;700hPa辐合线和850 hPa暖切变线及干线、地面干线及辐合线易触发不稳定能量的释放,从而为暴雪的产生提供水汽、热力和动力条件。暖区强降雪主要发生在中尺度冷云团开始缓慢减弱东移的前部及云顶亮温TBB梯度最大区域的前部。通过上述分析总结出暖区强降雪落区三维空间配置模型。 相似文献
7.
利用常规气象观测资料、地面区域气象站逐小时观测数据、NCEP再分析资料、FY-2G云顶亮温资料、喀什CR/CC雷达产品，对南疆西部两次极端暴雨中的短时强降水环境条件和中尺度特征进行对比分析。结果表明：两次过程均发生在500 hPa“东西夹攻”的有利环流背景下，100 hPa南亚高压分别呈东部型和双体型，低空急流、切变线和地面中尺度辐合线是两次强降水重要的触发系统。500 hPa低涡（低槽）自身携带的偏西局地水汽通道和700~850 hPa偏南、偏东两支水汽通道把充沛的水汽输送至暴雨区，为强降水的出现提供了有利的水汽条件，其中低层偏东水汽输送对此次暴雨的贡献更大。两次强降水出现在对流云团发展最强盛、范围最大时或TBB梯度最大处。雷达回波特征存在明显不同，“过程1”影响系统为线性多单体强风暴，最大反射率因子达65 dBZ，具有中小尺度辐合、辐散和旋转特性，强降水期间VIL维持40 kg/m2以上并有跃增现象，更有利于强对流出现。“过程2”影响系统为分散性普通单体风暴，径向速度高层辐散不明显，VIL值明显小于“过程2”。 相似文献
8.
文章综合利用常规观测资料、雷达回波资料、卫星资料,对2015年8月2—3日发生在鄂伦春旗南部的暴雨天气过程从环流背景和中尺度特征方面进行诊断分析,结果表明:500hPa高空槽和850切变线形成前倾结构,前倾槽结构为暴雨的发生发展提供了热力和动力条件;700、850hPa西南急流对鄂伦春旗低层增温增湿作用明显,加之地面、850hPa东南急流辐合上升,增加了大气层结不稳定度,这两支急流在鄂伦春旗上空形成了强烈的水汽通量的辐合。与地形因素相关联的近地面层切变辐合促成下边界层辐合是此次暴雨过程的触发点,其附近陆续生成的中等强度块状的对流单体,形成暴雨。此次暴雨过程的中尺度特征:影响云带主要由有序的中尺度对流云团和中尺度对流复合体组成,降水时空变率大,雷达回波强度达到60dBz,走向与低空切边线移动方向一致。 相似文献
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浙江北部一次短时大暴雨的中尺度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站加密观测资料和GFS 0.5°×0.5°逐6h的分析场数据以及多普勒雷达、风云卫星资料,对2013年6月24日浙江北部一次短时大暴雨天气过程的特征及其成因进行了中尺度分析,结果表明:受西太平洋副热带高压西北部边缘的暖湿西南气流和850hPa暖切的共同影响,引发了浙江北部的短时大暴雨天气。在有利的大尺度环境场和物理量场配合下,当低层925hPa的中尺度辐合线和对流层中层700hPa的垂直上升运动区相重合时,中尺度辐合线附近会产生强对流,这对强对流的发生发展具有一定的预报指示意义。此次暴雨过程与中尺度辐合线密切相关,中尺度辐合线是由偏东风和东北风辐合而成,该辐合线先于降水存在,而且从地面一直伸展到对流层中层,之后触发了浙北地区的短时大暴雨天气,强降水区域和强回波带落在中尺度辐合线附近区域。 相似文献
10.
《贵州气象》2020,(4)
利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站资料、强天气监测资料以及NCEP 1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料,从影响系统、环境场条件以及低空急流对混合强对流天气的水汽、热力、动力影响的诊断分析入手,对2019年3月4—5日贵州大范围雷雨大风、冰雹、短时强降水和暴雨等混合强对流天气过程进行综合分析。结果表明:低空急流建立并呈爆发式增强,使中低层水汽输送和辐合加强,大气上干冷、下暖湿的特征更显著,中低空能量锋区加强,垂直风切变增大,动力辐合加强,同时"低层辐合、高层辐散"的抽吸结构长时间维持,为混合强对流天气的发生发展提供了重要条件。超前的500 hPa温度槽叠加在中低空强暖湿气流之上,触发锋前暖区强对流天气,强对流天气发生在低空急流发展增强至最强盛期间,主要分布在700 hPa和850 hPa温度脊区附近强暖湿不稳定区;4日夜间南支槽配合低空切变线和活跃的静止锋,共同触发锋后冷区强降水天气,强降水主要发生在低空急流和水汽辐合达到最强之后,强降水主要分布在低空急流左前侧、850 hPa切变线南侧及850 hPa和700 hPa饱和湿区重叠区内。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献