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采用1980-2004年5-8月NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,将105°E和125°E越赤道气流增强过程按一定标准进行取样,并对增强过程中越赤道气流的变化特点及其相应的南、北半球环流特征进行分析,结果表明：越赤道气流的增强往往对应着通道南侧或北侧从热带到副热带地区的环流调整,而这种环流调整在南半球主要指澳洲冷空气活动,在北半球主要为辐合带的变化,二者是影响越赤道气流的主要环流因子;北半球辐合带的变化与西太平洋副高的东西振荡有密切关系,前者的分布形态在一定程度上决定了南半球环流及越赤道气流变化对北半球热带外环流的影响情况;125°E越赤道气流比105°E越赤道气流的增强过程通常更为显著,这与它们对应的南、北半球环流调整的差异有关。 相似文献
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分析了一个1/10°的涡分辨率全球环流模式LICOM(LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model)对吕宋海峡附近海洋环流的模拟能力。结果表明,模拟的吕宋海峡附近上层环流及输运具有明显的季节变化特征,除6月是东向净流出外,其余月份均为西向流入,冬季流量最大。年平均流量在-3.76 Sv(1 Sv=106 m3/s),其中上层(600 m以上)流量起主要贡献,为-3.60 Sv,与目前已有的研究结果基本一致。南海通过6个海峡完成与外界的水交换,其中吕宋海峡和巴拉巴克海峡是大洋水进入南海的主要通道,其余海峡均以流出为主,流出量最大的是台湾海峡(1.99 Sv),其次是卡里玛塔海峡(1.03 Sv)。进一步分析表明,由季风引起的埃克曼输送量约占吕宋海峡流量的11%,而由季风引起的吕宋海峡压力梯度形成的西向的地转流对吕宋海峡的输运起支配作用。作为黑潮源头的太平洋北赤道流流量对吕宋海峡输运的季节变化也有一定影响。 相似文献
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赤道太平洋次表层要素变化特征及其与表面风应力关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用EOF方法，讨论了赤道太平洋次表层海温、异常散度、表面风应力和纬向流的变化特征及其相互关系。结果表明：赤道太平洋次表层要素场EOF的前2个主分量占其总量的主要部分，第2主分量的变化超前第1主分量8月左右；次表层温度、异常散度、表面风应力基本同步变化且超前纬向流变化3～4月。推断其可能关系为：赤道太平洋表面西（东）风应力异常一赤道太平洋海水次表层上层异常辐合（辐散）、下层异常辐散（辐合）一海水异常下沉（上翻），使得次表层海水温度的异常升高（降低），并促使次表层纬向海流的异常向西（东）。 相似文献
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中国大气本底基准观象台（以下简称：瓦里关本底台）座落在青海省海南藏族自治州共和县境内瓦里关山山顶上,坐标为36°17′N,100°54′E,海拔3816m（山顶相对高度为600m。瓦里关本底台是世界气象组织（WMO）全球大气观测系统（GAW）的22个全球基准站之一,是目前世界上唯一地处欧亚大陆腹地、大陆型的全球基准站;也是我国大气本底监测站网的核心指标站。瓦里关本底台已被中华人民共和国科学技术部列为国家重点野外科学观测试验站。 相似文献
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中低纬度高原山地气候变暖对海拔高度的依赖性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文利用美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）T85水平分辨率（～140km）的气候系统模式（CCSM3）在大气CO2含量每年增加1％情景下的模拟输出结果,分析了以青藏高原为代表的中低纬高原山地的温度变化特征。结果表明,随着大气CO2含量的增加,中低纬高原山地气候会显著变暖。地面温度的增加以最低气温最大,其次是平均气温,而最高气温最小。同时,寒冷季节的增温大于温暖季节。而且,气候变暖对海拔高度具有明显的依赖性,即增温幅度通常随海拔高度的增加而增大。青藏高原及其邻近地区（25°～42°N,70°110°E）1～1．5km,3～3．5km和5～5．5km三个高程范围内年平均（最低）气温的增温率分别为3．0（3．3）,3．5（3．7）和4．6（5．4）℃／100a,而冬半年平均（最低）气温的增温率分别达到3．1（3．7）,3．8（4．2）和4．9（5．9）℃／100a。 相似文献
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青藏高原纳木错气象要素变化特征 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
依据中国科学院纳木错综合观测研究站设立的自动气象站和气象塔观测（30°46．44′N，90°59．31′E，4730ma．s．l．）资料，初步分析了2005年7月14日至2006年7月13日一年的气温、气压、相对湿度、降水和风等气象要素的季节和日变化特征。结果表明：纳木错站年平均气温为0℃，最冷月为12月，最热月为7月；全年降水量为281．8mm，多集中在5—10月；年平均相对湿度为52．6％，雨季和干季分明，全年夜雨率为78．6％；年平均气压值为571、2hPa，9月最大，1月最小；年平均风速为4m·S^-1，1月风速最大为6．1m·S^-1，上午风弱、午后风强；全年大风日数为53天，1月大风日数占全年的36％；全年盛行风处在东南至西风（135°--270°）之间，夏季有明显的湖陆风。 相似文献
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冬季东亚副热带急流和温带急流协同变化与我国冷空气活动的关系 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和地面台站气温观测资料,分析了冬季东亚副热带急流（EASJ）和东亚温带急流（EAPJ）强度变化特征及其与我国境内冷空气活动的关系。以（45°N～60°N, 70°E～110°E）和（27.5°N～37.5°N,130°E～160°E）区域平均的300 hPa全风速分别表征冬季EAPJ和EASJ的强度,将两支急流的强度变化分为四种情况：EAPJ和EASJ同强（SS）、同弱（WW）、以及强弱（SW）、弱强（WS）。分析四种急流强度变化情形下中国境内冷空气活动强度、路径、持续时间以及源地的不同特征,发现当EAPJ和EASJ均强时,冷空气从内蒙古中东部入侵,主要影响华北、东北和东部沿海地区,强度较弱,持续时间短,冷空气源地位于新地岛以东的洋面及陆地上;当EAPJ和EASJ均弱时,冷空气从新疆北部入侵,影响我国大部分地区,强度强,持续时间长,冷空气源地位于巴尔喀什湖西部;当EAPJ强,EASJ弱时,冷空气从我国东北入侵,主要影响我国东北部,中国南部降温不明显,冷空气强度较强,持续时间短,冷空气源地位于中、西西伯利亚地带;当EAPJ弱,EASJ强时,冷空气从内蒙古中部入侵,进而影响华北和我国东部地区,但冷空气强度较弱,冷空气源地位于贝加尔湖的西侧。进一步分析急流强度四种变化情形下的环流特征发现,EAPJ、EASJ均弱时,西伯利亚高压偏强,阿留申低压偏弱,东亚大槽偏深,中国东部的偏北风强,而EAPJ弱、EASJ强时,尽管西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压偏强,东亚大槽偏深,但中国东部的偏北风并不是很强,而另两种情况时,西伯利亚高压较弱,东亚大槽也较弱,中国东部的偏北风偏弱。 相似文献
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澳大利亚植被覆盖对亚澳季风影响的数值模拟(Ⅱ): 对东亚夏季风环流的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在文献[1]的基础上,对澳大利亚大陆植被覆盖变化对北半球夏季越赤道气流和东亚季风环流季节变化的影响进行了研究.结果表明,植被覆盖变化对东亚季风建立前后南风越赤道气流建立时间、强弱和南半球主要环流系统都有显著的影响.绿化导致了索马里越赤道气流的建立提前,增强了不同时期南风越赤道气流的强度,但对90°E以东来自澳大利亚高压的几支越赤道气流影响不大.同时,绿化促使南半球澳大利亚高压和马斯克林高压提前建立,西太平洋副热带高压北进提前,且强度减弱,导致西南气流更容易深入东亚内陆和西太平洋.这些影响促使盛夏期西南亚季风的影响区域和强度都有所扩展,对东南季风则影响不大.沙漠化则使索马里气流略微减弱,西太平洋副热带高压在春夏季节则一直偏强,至7月中旬,才有明显东撤,阻碍了越赤道气流的北上,西南季风在此影响下强度和影响范围均有所缩减. 相似文献
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Hydrography and Circulation in the Eastern Tropical Indian Ocean during April-May 2011 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 The distribution of hydrography and circulation in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean(ETIO) during April-May 2011 were analyzed using cruise observations,satellite observations,and historic hydrographic data.It was observed that warm water(28℃) occupies the upper 50-m layer in the ETIO.Low-salinity surface water was observed at the mouth of the Bay of Bengal(BOB),which further extends to the Arabian Sea and off Sumatra via the Sri Lanka coast and the eastern bay mouth.Arabian Sea high-salinity water(ASHSW) is carried eastward along the equator to around 90°E by the equatorial undercurrent(EUC).It also runs south of Sri Lanka(north to 3°N) and in the western bay mouth(west to 87°E) but is much shallower than its counterpart at the equator.It is suggested to be the residual of the ASHSW,which intrudes into the BOB during the preceding southwest monsoon.Our results also show that,in the south of Sri Lanka,just below this subsurface high-salinity water,very-low-salinity water(about 34.8) occurs at depths of 100-200 m.Further analysis suggests that this low-salinity water comes from the BOB. 相似文献
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W. E. Johns P. Brandt B. Bourlès A. Tantet A. Papapostolou A. Houk 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(11):3047-3069
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赤道地区向西传播的40天周期低频波 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文用滤波和EOF位相合成技术对1981年7—12月份赤道地区出现的向西传播的40天周期低频波进行了分析。结果认为东太平洋地区从南半球到北半球的越赤道40天周期温度波是产生这种西传波的主要原因。这种波动主要产生于两个源地:一个是赤道150°E附近的对流层下层;另一个是110°W的赤道对流层上层。这两处产生的低频波性质不一样,前者与对流密切相关。通过计算整层积分的非绝热加热Q_1和水汽汇Q_2,结果表明Q_1加热中心在东太平洋也有越赤道传播。在150°E以西Q_2加热中心是向西北传播的,与低频波方向一致,Q_1的传播特征不明显,这说明西太平洋地区的热带对流可能有这种周期振荡。 相似文献
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Hydrographic and direct current measurements were made in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean in May 2010 and April 2011 as part of the Eastern Indian Ocean Cruises(EIOC) organized by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology(SCSIO).Analyses of the shipdrift Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP) data indicate that the equatorial currents observed in May 2010 are characterized by a strongly eastward surface current(Wyrtki Jets,WJs) with a maximum velocity of 0.9 m s 1,while that observed in April 2011 is weak and without a consistent direction.The strongly eastward WJ transports the surface water eastward,resulting in a deeper upper mixed layer,as shown in the temperature and salinity profiles.However,it was found that the Equatorial Undercurrent(EUC) in the Eastern Indian Ocean is strong in April 2011 and weak in May 2010.The EUC was located approximately at the position of the thermocline,and it had higher salinity(up to approximately 35.5 psu) than the upper and lower waters. 相似文献
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东亚大尺度低空急流的背景流场与东半球的越赤道气流 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文介绍了关于东亚大尺度低空急流背景流场的研究,指出其上游的季风西风带对它的重要作用,以及它与东非地区越赤道气流之间的关系。利用欧洲中期预报中心提供的资料,考查了1979,1982和1983年8个夏季月的东亚大尺度低空急流,进一步研究了它们的上游流场和背景气流,指出东亚地区的低空急流主要以亚洲季风为背景。大风动量一次一次地沿着季风气流向急流区传播,它还与越赤道气流关系密切;绝大多数大尺度低空急流是东半球几支越赤道气流东传后汇合的产物。5月,以80°E附近的越赤道气流为主;6月中旬后,索马里地区低空急流建立,东非越赤道气流成为主要的影响系统,并经常与105°E的越赤道气流共同作用影响我国或东亚地区的低空急流。 相似文献
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LARGE-SCALE LOW-LEVEL JET OVER EAST ASIA AND MONSOON AS WELL AS CROSS-EQUATORIAL CURRENTS IN SUMMER 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Sun Shuqing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1987,1(1):43-50
A review regarding the investigation of the background circulation of large-scale low-level jet (LLJ) over East Asia is given,which indicates the important effect of the monsoon westerlies on LLJ and the relationship between LLJ and cross-equatorial currents.The data of the Global Analyses provided by ECMWF are used to investigate the relationship between LLJ and monsoon as well as cross-equatorial currents.It indicates that a large amount of momentum of the monsoon westerlies is transferred downstream to the LLJ area,strengthening the jet speed.Most of LLJs over Asia are connected with the cross-equatorial currents in the Eastern Hemisphere.The cross-equatorial currents near 80°E are the main currents connected with the LLJ in May.However,once the Somalia jet is established,it becomes the main flow together with cross-equatorial currents near 105°E to influence the LLJ over East Asia. 相似文献
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前期印度洋海温异常对夏季高原“湿池”水汽含量的影响及其可能原因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用Hadley中心提供的逐月海温资料、ERA-Interim再分析资料以及NOAA（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration）的逐月向外长波辐射（OLR）资料探讨了1979~2011年夏季青藏高原“湿池”的水汽含量与前期印度洋海温异常的关系,并对可能的原因进行了分析。结果表明,夏季青藏高原水汽（去趋势）EOF第二模态与前期印度洋海温存在密切的正相关,前期3~4月关键区（5°S~20°N,45°E~75°E）的海温异常可以作为夏季高原水汽的预测信号。在暖水年,赤道附近显著的东风异常对夏季高原水汽输送起到了至关重要的作用。500 hPa上副热带高压显著增强并西移,600 hPa上赤道附近为显著的异常东风,将水汽从西太平洋、南海、孟加拉湾向西输送到印度半岛,并在异常反气旋环流西侧的南风作用下,将水汽带向青藏高原。高层风场上,西太平洋地区辐合,青藏高原上空辐散。以上环流形势表明暖水年夏季青藏高原水汽偏多;冷水年则相反。就影响机制而言,前期春季印度洋海温显著偏暖,引起其上空异常的对流上升运动,驱动异常沃克环流从春到夏显著维持,副热带高压的季节性北跳和异常增强西移,有利于赤道东风异常的增强和西移,并经过水汽输送通道将水汽带向青藏高原上空。 相似文献
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南海至西太平洋一带夏季低空越赤道气流和季风的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
本文对南海至西太平洋一带夏季低空越赤道气流的情况和西南季风的来源,进行了初步研究。发现:(1)就气候平均而言,东非低空急流的影响范围,包括印度南部、孟加拉湾南部直到中南半岛南部和南海南部。在这一范围内,夏季月平均西南季风强度的年际变化十分一致;(2)夏季在中南半岛南部、南海南部,西南季风的主要来源是上游印度、孟加拉湾地区,直接来自南半球的气流比重不大。而热带西北太平洋的西南季风,则主要来自南半球;(3)在110-140°E 的赤道地区,并不存在一支主要的越赤道气流;(4)在150°E 附近的新几内亚东岸,有一条越赤道气流的通道。热带西北太平洋的西南季风,主要就是这支越赤道气流转向而成(但似乎要求这支气流的南风分量强度超过某一下限,即存在一阈值,才能对西北太平洋的西南季风变化有影响)。新几内亚岛上的山脉,对南半球东南信风的阻挡,是形成这支越赤道气流的重要原因之一;(5)大致在15°N 以南的南亚至西北太平洋地区,其西南季风主要由二支气流构成:一支在非洲东岸附近越过赤道,成为东非低空急流,经印度南部,往下游一直影响到南海南部;另一支在新几内亚东岸附近越过赤道,转向成西南气流影响西北太平洋。 相似文献
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The role of spring Wyrtki jets in modulating the equatorial Indian Ocean and the regional climate is an unexplored problem. The source of interannual variability in the spring Wyrtki jets is explored in this study. The relationship between intraseasonal and interannual variability from 1958 to 2008 and its relation with Indian Summer Monsoon is further addressed. Analysis reveals that the interannual variability in spring Wyrtki jets is controlled significantly by their intraseasonal variations. These are mostly defined by a single intraseasonal event of duration 20 days or more which either strengthens or weakens the seasonal mean jet depending on its phase. The strong spring jets are driven by such intraseasonal westerly wind bursts lasting for 20-days or more, whereas the weak jets are driven by weaker intraseasonal westerlies. During the years of strong jets, the conventional westward phase propagation of Wyrtki jets is absent and instead there is an eastward phase propagation indicating the possible role of Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) in strengthening the spring Wyrtki jets. These strong intraseasonal westerly wind bursts with eastward phase propagation during strong years are observed mainly in late spring and have implications on June precipitation over the Indian and adjoining land mass. Anomalously strong eastward jets accumulate warm water in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO), leading to anomalous positive upper ocean heat content and supporting more local convection in the east. This induces subsidence over the Indian landmass and alters monsoon rainfall by modulating monsoon Hadley circulation. In case of weak current years such warm anomalies are absent over the eastern EIO. Variations in the jet strength are found to have strong impact on sea level anomalies, heat content, salinity and sea surface temperature over the equatorial and north Indian Ocean making it a potentially important player in the north Indian Ocean climate variability. 相似文献
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WESTWARD PROPAGATING LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION AND ITS TELECONNECTION IN THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 By use of daily OLR data of eight years (1975—1977,1979—1983),the propagation features of 30—60day low-frequency oscillation (LFO) and its teleconnections are studied.The results are as follows:(1)The LFO is quite active in the regions of the South China Sea,mainland of China and subtrop-ical western-North-Pacific.(2)The zonal propagation direction of LFO is eastward along the equator and gradually changes towestward north of 10°N and south of 10°S.The westward propagation of LFO dominates in the areaof 15°N-30°N,Eastern Hemisphere.(3)In the region of east Asia (120°E),the main meridional directions are northward in tropics andsouthward in high latitudes.These two opposite propagating LFO are merged in the vicinity of subtropics.Sometimes,the northward propagating LFO can penetrate through the subtropics to high latitudes and viceversa.On the average,the northward propagation dominates in summer time.(4)The EOF analysis of the summer data shows that there are two main eiginvector centers of OLR-LFO,one is located over the Bay of Bengal and the other over the tropical western-North-Pacific.Thesign of these two centers are just opposite to each other.It should be noted that on the normal,thesetwo oscillation centers mentioned above coincide with the two strong centers of atmospheric 12eat source insummer.It means that the activities of LFO in the Indian monsoon system and the East Asian monsoonsystem are reverse.For the first component of eiginvector,a belt of LFO with the same sign stretcheswith a SW-NE direction from the tropical center in the western-North-Pacific northwestward,passing bythe point at 15°N,180°E and reaches southwestern states of the United States.To the north and southof this belt,there are other two belts with opposite sign.Again further north and south of them,there areother two belts with the same sign as the first one.Furthermore,to the NW (near Taiwan) and SE (10°S,160°W) of the tropical East Asian center,there is,respectively,another center with opposite sign.Analmost straight line can go through all three centers.The main characteristics of the second,third andfourth components of eiginvector are the same as that of the first one.It indicates that the teleconnectioncentered around the tropical East Asian center of LFO is characterized by a SW-NE oriented wave frontand the energy transport of oscillation from SE to NW.That is to say,the oscillations in the tropicalwestern-North-Pacific may be the source of those in China during summer.We call this teleconnection pat-tern the WPC (western Pacific-China) pattern so as to distinguish from the PNA pattern. 相似文献