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1.
曲江酸雨分布特征及成因分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对曲江1993～2007年酸雨监测资料和气象资料进行分析,结果表明：曲江属于较重酸雨区,降水pH值变化范围在2．98～8．36,平均值为4．83;酸雨频率为73．6％,其中37．9％酸雨属于较强到强酸雨;具有春季降水pH值低、酸雨频率高,秋季降水pH值高、酸雨频率低的季节分布特征。近年来,曲江的降水pH值变化不大,酸雨频率却呈上升趋势;曲江酸雨的形成不仅与SO2排放量高有关,也与天气系统和气象条件有关。 相似文献
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利用南宫酸雨观测站2006-2009年的酸雨观测资料,统计分析了4年来酸雨时间分布特征,探讨了酸雨的变化规律,并对酸雨与气象要素的关系进行了初步分析.结果显示:酸雨发生频率63％,强酸雨频率28％;降水平均pH值为5.22,降水最小pH值为3.08;酸性降水量比例80％;降水平均K值为94.1 μS/cm,最大K值为529.0 μS/cm.酸雨存在着季节性变化,秋季是酸雨出现频率最多、酸性较强的季节;春季则是酸雨出现频率低的季节.酸雨的形成与风向风速、降水量、降水性质及大雾有关. 相似文献
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该文利用2005—2010年贵阳酸雨观测资料并结合探空及大气成分资料,分析了近年来贵阳地区的酸雨变化特征,研究了气象条件及大气污染物与酸雨的关系。结果表明:2005—2010年降水平均pH值均小于5.6,且近5 a来,降水pH值呈两端高中间低的分布型。贵阳地区夏、秋两季降水平均pH值及K值较春、冬季节高;pH值及K值随降水量的增大呈下降趋势,而强酸雨频率则随降水量的增大呈上升趋势,酸雨污染严重;当连续发生逆温状况时,酸雨出现频率增大;大气污染物SO2、NO2、PM2.5的浓度与降水pH值呈负相关关系,说明近地层污染物浓度对降水酸度有重要影响。 相似文献
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重庆市酸雨分布特征 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
用重庆市35个站高密度降水pH值监测资料,分析了重庆市最近3年降水pH值的时空分布特征.结果表明,重庆市大部分地区都存在酸雨现象,局部地区很严重.近3年来绝大部分地区的pH值都低于4.5,整个重庆市降水平均pH值为4.07.其中西部和东南部为低值区域,中部和东北部为高值区域.重庆市较强酸雨以上强度的降水出现频率较高.整个重庆地区酸雨频率为84.05%,较强酸雨频率为27.42%,强酸雨频率为26.23%;重庆主城区酸雨频率为95.42%.较强酸雨频率为39.54%,强酸雨频率为23.86%.重庆市各季节中秋、冬季出现强酸雨的频率高于春、夏季.重庆市各区域各季节的降水pH平均值均低于4.5.其中西部和东南部大部分时段的pH值都低于4.0.各区域降水pH值还存在着季节变化,秋、冬季的pH值普遍低于春、夏季的pH值. 相似文献
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京津地区酸雨变化特征及趋势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用京津地区三个国家级酸雨观测站(北京昌平、上甸子和天津站)1993-2006年的酸雨资料,研究了京津地区酸雨空间分布及其季节特征,并利用M-K统计分析方法研究了其变化趋势.结果表明:京津地区的大气降水pH值有明显的季节变化特征,三个站点在冬季、春季和初夏基本一致,酸雨频率秋冬高,而春季和初夏低.但三个站点的大气降水、pH值和酸雨频率变化趋势差异显著.其中天津站在1990年代初较为严重,但14年间天津站酸雨状况有改善的趋势.昌平站降水pH值的M-K统计量为-3.17,说明1993-2006年昌平站降水酸化趋势显著,并通过了95%的置信度显著性检验.上甸子站代表了京津的郊区,2002年以前酸雨状况有所改善,2002年以后酸雨状况日趋严重. 相似文献
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广州酸雨观测站2008年-2012年酸雨资料分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用广州酸雨观测站2008年-2012年的酸雨观测数据,分析广州市年、月、季平均酸雨pH值及酸雨发生频率,并对广州市酸雨变化情况进行分析总结,结果表明：五年中广州的年酸雨平均pH值为4.48,年平均发生频率为75.8％.年平均酸雨最大pH值为4.67,年平均酸雨最小pH值为4.22.酸雨发生频率最高是2009年,为95.9％,最低则是2012年,为82.3％.按照酸雨PH值标准划分来看,2008至2010年年平均pH值属于较强酸性降水,而2011至2012年年平均pH值属于弱酸性降水.月平均酸雨最大pH值出现在11月,pH值为4.71,月平均酸雨最小pH值出现在2月,pH值为3.29;而酸雨频率月变化则可以看出6月份酸雨发生频率最高,为90.4％,而10月份酸雨发生频率最低,为44.0％.按季节分析,广州市秋季降水pH值最高,冬季降水pH值最低,秋季出现酸雨频率最小,冬季出现酸雨频率最大.四季轻雾日数与降水pH值呈显著的负相关,与酸雨频率呈显著的正相关.对风速与酸雨平均pH值分析,说明风速增大时,容易造成外来污染物的入侵,使污染加剧,酸雨平均值减小,酸雨频率增大.而雨量的变化对四季酸雨平均pH值有着显著的影响. 相似文献
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根据潍坊酸雨监测站2003～2006年的酸雨监测资料,分析了酸雨的季节变化特征,同时研究了酸性降水与气象条件的关系.统计得出,在186个降水样本中.pH值小于5.6的酸性样本39个,占21.0%,pH值大于等于5.6的样本147个,占79.0%;酸雨在秋季出现频率最高.春季较少;酸雨多出现在夜间,菲酸性降水多出现在白天,酸性物质多集中在大气边界层中上部,而碱性物质多漂浮在大气边界层的中下部.分析得出,酸雨的形成与大气的污染物浓度、混合层的高度、风向风速,以及降水量和雾有密切关系. 相似文献
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郑州市降水pH值变化分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用郑州市国家基准气候站1994~2005年酸雨观测资料,分析研究了郑州市降水pH值的状况和变化,结果表明:郑州市近几年降水的pH值有逐年减小的趋势,pH值小于5.6的降水次数和频率有增加的趋势;从季节分布来看,降水pH值秋冬比春夏小。酸雨增强的主要原因是煤炭的高消耗排放的SO2量较大,再者是机动车废气排放增加,另外气候条件对酸雨的形成也有影响。 相似文献
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《贵州气象》2016,(2)
利用盘县、水城、七星关和兴义4个观测点2008—2014年酸雨资料,分析贵州西部近年来PH值和酸雨频率的年、月、季节变化特征和影响酸雨因素。结果表明:贵州西部降水PH值年均值在4.98~5.95之间,年降水PH值呈现上升趋势,年酸雨频率最高值为54.8%,最低值为11.8%,酸雨频率年变化呈下降趋势;降水PH值平均值月变化在5.28~5.67之间,呈上升趋势,月酸雨频率最高值为1月份的49.6%,最低值为7月的24.9%,酸雨频率月变化呈下降趋势;降水PH值平均值在季节上变化不明显,酸雨频率在季节上变化比较明显,冬、春季酸雨污染比夏、秋季节严重;降水PH值平均值随着年降水总量的增多而上升,减少而下降,酸雨频率随着年降水总量的增多而降低,减少而升高;酸雨频率受风向风速的影响,在16个风向上均有发生,但NNE上最大,为11.8%;WSW风向上最小,为1.7%,在风力为2~3级时发生比较集中,4级以后无酸雨频率发生;酸性气体排放逐年减少,降低了酸雨的发生。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献