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区域气候模式在东亚地区的应用研究——垂直分辨率与侧边界对夏季季风降水影响研究 总被引：27，自引：6，他引：27
将美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）的区域气候模式（RegCM2-1996）设置在东亚-西太平洋区域（简称东亚区域气候模式RegCM2/EA）。利用该模式研究东亚区域气候模式的几个重要问题，即：垂直分辨率的影响，侧边界条件（如嵌套技术、缓冲区宽度、不同资料）的重要性等。数值试验结果表明：细垂直分辨率模拟的降水分布优于粗分辨率模式，但容易引起“数值点暴雨”；RegCM2/EA与不同来源的大尺度侧边界嵌套，模拟的降水会有明显的不同；当用RegCM2/EA模拟较大区域时，应该取较宽的缓冲区；在各种嵌套方案中，指数松弛嵌套方法最好。这些结果为进一步探讨东亚区域气候模式的特点以及发展与改造区域气候模式提供一定的依据。研究结果还需要用更多的数值试验来验证。 相似文献
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区域气候模式在东亚地区的应用研究：垂直分辨率与边界对夏季季风降水影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将美国国家大气研究中心（ＮＣＡＲ）的区域气候模式（ＲｅｇＣＭ２－１９９６）设置在东亚－西太平洋区域。利用该模式研究东亚区域气候模式的几个重要问题,即：垂直分辨率的影响,侧边界条件的重要性等。数值试验结果表明：细垂直分辨率模拟的降水分布优于粗分辨率模式,但容易引起“数值点暴雨”;ＥｅｇＣＭ２／ＥＡ与不崃源的大尺度侧边界嵌套,模拟的降水会有明显的不同,当用ＲｅｇＣＭ２／ＥＡ与不同来源的大尺度侧边界嵌套 相似文献
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区域和全球模式的嵌套技术
及其长期积分试验 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
将区域模式嵌入澳大利亚CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization）的全球模式中,并将其应用于区域模式的长期气候积分试验。模拟结果表明,当区域与全球模式嵌套时,边界吸收问题十分重要,由区域模式得到的高分辨率大尺度环流形式在边界上必须与全球模式提供的强迫一致,同时区域模式必须给出基于模式内部物理过程产生的高分辨信息。因此,在嵌套过程中,必须仔细考虑缓冲区的设置,使大尺度强迫与中尺度特征充分混合,既保持区域模式内外的一致性,又使区域内部中尺度强迫物理过程得到充分发展。将区域模式与澳大利亚CSIRO的9层21波三角形截断谱模式嵌套后,完成了连续3年的区域气候模式积分。模拟结果表明,由于区域模式较好地刻划了区域尺度的地形、下垫面和海岸线分布等的细节特征,模拟的区域气候特征比全球模式有较大的改进,尤其是对季风降水的模拟,区域模式明显改进了全球模式的模拟结果。 相似文献
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气候-天气研究及预报模式（CWRF）在中国的应用：区域优化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从资料分析和实际模拟两个方面,对中国区域气候模拟中的首要问题——模拟区域的选取进行了研究。首先,采用相关分析确定大尺度环流因子影响中国区域降水的关键区,以保证行星及天气尺度系统能够有效地通过区域气候模式的侧边界传入模拟区域,同时依靠自身的物理机制使中尺度系统在模拟区域内部发展;其次,利用NRA (NCEP\|NCAR Reanalysis II) 和ERA (ECMWF Reanalysis 40) 两再分析资料的相关性,对侧边界场资料的可信性进行分析,结果表明南部赤道洋面附近和青藏高原地区两种再分析资料的相关系数很低,表明资料的可信度低,因此侧边界的位置要尽量避开这些地区。根据以上分析结果,确定了中国区域气候模拟的最佳区域,在此基础上利用实际个例模拟对模拟区域的优化结果进行验证。将美国伊利诺伊州立大学水文研究所开发的CWRF（Climate－Weather Research and Forecasting Model）应用于中国季风区,选取1998年夏季的极端洪涝事件作为验证个例,结果表明:模拟区域对区域气候模式的模拟性能有决定性的作用,资料分析确定的最佳模拟区域能够较好地再现1998年长江流域的极端洪涝事件。当模拟区域扩大,南部缓冲区位于赤道,东西侧边界远离环流因子影响关键区时,模拟结果急剧下降,基本无法再现实测降水。当模拟区域仅在东西方向扩大时,模拟结果略好于上述扩大的区域,但仍然远低于资料分析确定的最佳区域,表明有效地抓住主控环流因子对区域气候模拟的重要影响。资料分析和实际模拟的一致结论确定了中国区域气候模拟的最佳区域,实现了CWRF对中国季风区模拟区域的优化。 相似文献
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中国区域气溶胶对东亚夏季风的可能影响（I）：硫酸盐气溶胶的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用NCAR的新一代GCM CAM3.0模式离线耦合一个气溶胶同化系统,模拟研究了中国区域硫酸盐气溶胶的直接气候效应对东亚夏季风及其降水的影响。结果显示：中国区域硫酸盐气溶胶引起全球平均的直接辐射强迫为-0.25 W/m2,中国内陆约25°N以北普遍降温,而海表温度升高。由此导致海陆温差缩小,东亚夏季风强度减弱,中国地区季风降水明显减少,而尤以积云降水减少起主要作用。硫酸盐气溶胶对中国地区的对流活动起抑制作用。 相似文献
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中国区域气溶胶对东亚夏季风的可能影响(Ⅰ):硫酸盐气溶胶的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
利用NCAR的新一代GCM CAM3.0模式离线耦合一个气溶胶同化系统,模拟研究了中国区域硫酸盐气溶胶的直接气候效应对东亚夏季风及其降水的影响.结果显示:中国区域硫酸盐气溶胶引起全球平均的直接辐射强迫为-0.25 w/m2,中国内陆约25°N以北普遍降温,而海表温度升高.由此导致海陆温差缩小,东亚夏季风强度减弱,中国地区季风降水明显减少,而尤以积云降水减少起主要作用.硫酸盐气溶胶对中国地区的对流活动起抑制作用. 相似文献
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区域气候模式REMO对东亚季风季节变化的模拟研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
将欧洲区域气候模式REMO首次应用于东亚区域,利用该模式对1980年和1990年东亚季风季节变化进行了模拟研究,并将模拟结果与NCEP再分析资料进行比较,以检验该模式对东亚季风的模拟能力.研究表明,区域气候模式REMO能够较好地模拟出东亚地区高、低空的大气环流特征,模拟的高度场、流场和温度场与NCEP再分析资料场都比较一致.模拟结果显示了东亚季风的月变化和季节转换特征.模拟的降水场与GPCC降水资料的对比结果表明,REMO能较为成功地模拟出东亚地区降水的空间分布,并能较好地反映降水的季节变化及主要降水趋势,夏季降水模拟偏大,整个区域平均的降水量偏差约为18%左右. 相似文献
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中国区域气溶胶对东亚夏季风的可能影响（I）：硫酸盐气溶胶的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用NCAR的新一代GCM CAM3.0模式离线耦合一个气溶胶同化系统,模拟研究了中国区域硫酸盐气溶胶的直接气候效应对东亚夏季风及其降水的影响。结果显示：中国区域硫酸盐气溶胶引起全球平均的直接辐射强迫为-0.25 W/m2,中国内陆约25°N以北普遍降温,而海表温度升高。由此导致海陆温差缩小,东亚夏季风强度减弱,中国地区季风降水明显减少,而尤以积云降水减少起主要作用。硫酸盐气溶胶对中国地区的对流活动起抑制作用。 相似文献
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Numerical Experiments on the Spin-up Time for Seasonal-Scale Regional Climate Modeling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this paper,the numerical experiments on the issue of spin-up time for seasonal-scale regional climate modeling were conducted with the newly Regional Climate Model (RegCM3),in the case of the abnormal climate event during the summer of 1998 in China.To test the effect of spin-up time on the regional climate simulation results for such abnormal climate event,a total of 11 experiments were performed with different spin-up time from 10 days to 6 months,respectively.The simulation results show that,for the meteorological variables in the atmosphere,the model would be running in"climate mode"after 4-8-day spin-up time,then, it is independent of the spin-up time basically,and the simulation errors are mainly caused by the model's failure in describing the atmospheric processes over the model domain.This verifies again that the regional climate modeling is indeed a lateral boundary condition problem as demonstrated by earlier research work. The simulated mean precipitation rate over each subregion is not sensitive to the spin-up time,but the precipitation scenario is somewhat different for the experiment with different spin-up time,which shows that there exists the uncertainty in the simulation to precipitation scenario,and such a uncertainty exhibits more over the areas where heavy rainfall happened.Generally,for monthly-scale precipitation simulation,a spin-up time of 1 month is enough,whereas a spin-up time of 2 months is better for seasonal-scale one. Furthermore,the relationship between the precipitation simulation error and the advancement/withdrawal of East Asian summer monsoon was analyzed.It is found that the variability of correlation coefficient for precipitation is more significant over the areas where the summer monsoon is predominant.Therefore,the model's capability in reproducing precipitation features is related to the heavy rainfall processes associated with the advancement/withdrawal of East Asian summer monsoon,which suggests that it is necessary to develop a more reliable parameterization scheme to capture the convective precipitation of heavy rainfall pro- cesses associated with the activities of East Asian summer monsoon,so as to improve the climate modeling over China. 相似文献
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季节尺度区域气候模拟适应调整时间选取问题的数值试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文中利用区域气候模式RegCM3,以1998年夏季中国异常气候事件为例,对季节尺度区域气候模拟适应调整时间的选取问题进行了数值研究。共做了11个试验,每个试验的适应调整时间最短为10 d,最长为6个月,以检验适应调整时间长短对夏季中国异常气候事件模拟结果的影响。结果表明:对于大气变量而言,模式通常在经过4—8 d的适应调整时间后,就进入"气候模态"运行,此后模拟误差主要是由于模式对区域内大气过程描述能力不足造成的,对适应调整时间选取不再敏感,这进一步证实了区域气候模拟是一个边值问题的观点。各气候区平均降水量模拟结果受适应调整时间影响也不大,但不同的适应调整时间对降水分布格局模拟将产生一定影响,降水分布模拟结果随适应调整时间的不同存在一定的不确定性,这种不确定性通常出现在强降水发生区域。总之,对于季节尺度降水模拟,适应调整时间大于2个月效果更好。对降水分布格局模拟误差和东亚夏季风系统进退过程之间关系的进一步分析发现,模式对受夏季风系统影响比较大的区域模拟的降水相关系数变化性也比较大,因此,发展合适的积云对流参数化方案以提高受夏季风系统直接影响区域强降水过程的描述能力是改进区域气候模式对中国区域夏季气候模拟效果的有效途径。 相似文献
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利用区域气候模式(RegCM2)对1998年夏季风气候进行了模拟,并就初、边值条件对模拟结果的影响情况进行了讨论,结果表明:该模式可以较好地模拟出月际尺度的气候变化,但对降水异常的模拟还需作进一步完善.通过在几个季节采用不同初始场进行的数值模拟发现,从春季开始的积分其结果对初始场的敏感性较高,初始场的差别会对后期模拟产生明显影响.相对来说,从冬季开始的积分,其对初始场的依赖性较小,初始场的差别会在积分过程中逐渐减小,因而在利用RegCM2进行区域气候模拟时宜从冬季开始.另外,通过对采用不同侧边界嵌套方案的模拟效果进行简单讨论,发现当采用较少的缓冲区(5圈)时,海绵边界对温度、比湿及位势高度的模拟要比指数松弛及流入流出边界好,降水的模拟也要比其他方案好一些,但对风场的模拟则不如指数松弛方案. 相似文献
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In this study, the effect of buffer zone size on the performance of a regional climate model (RCM) was investigated. In contrast
to carrying out simulations where the buffer zone expands inward, numerical experiments were performed with the buffer zone
expanded outward, which ensured an objective comparison on the effect of buffer zone sizes. Case simulations on the abnormal
1998 East Asian summer monsoon demonstrated that an RCM’s performance depended on the outward expansion of the buffer zone.
Moreover, a broader buffer zone is able to improve large-scale circulation simulation in the upper troposphere; however, a
narrower buffer zone shows better performance in the middle and lower troposphere. Numerical experiments show that the performance
of RCMs in simulating the seasonal evolution of rainbands over eastern China is not completely consistent with that of the
western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). A possible reason why the configuration with the buffer zone expanding inward can
improve the extension/withdrawal of the summer monsoon and the associated precipitation evolution over eastern China is discussed. 相似文献
15.
This study provides a detailed analysis of the mid-Holocene to present-day precipitation change in the Asian monsoon region. We compare for the first time results of high resolution climate model simulations with a standardised set of mid-Holocene moisture reconstructions. Changes in the simulated summer monsoon characteristics (onset, withdrawal, length and associated rainfall) and the mechanisms causing the Holocene precipitation changes are investigated. According to the model, most parts of the Indian subcontinent received more precipitation (up to 5 mm/day) at mid-Holocene than at present-day. This is related to a stronger Indian summer monsoon accompanied by an intensified vertically integrated moisture flux convergence. The East Asian monsoon region exhibits local inhomogeneities in the simulated annual precipitation signal. The sign of this signal depends on the balance of decreased pre-monsoon and increased monsoon precipitation at mid-Holocene compared to present-day. Hence, rainfall changes in the East Asian monsoon domain are not solely associated with modifications in the summer monsoon circulation but also depend on changes in the mid-latitudinal westerly wind system that dominates the circulation during the pre-monsoon season. The proxy-based climate reconstructions confirm the regional dissimilarities in the annual precipitation signal and agree well with the model results. Our results highlight the importance of including the pre-monsoon season in climate studies of the Asian monsoon system and point out the complex response of this system to the Holocene insolation forcing. The comparison with a coarse climate model simulation reveals that this complex response can only be resolved in high resolution simulations. 相似文献
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Performance of a regional climate model (RCM), WRF, for downscaling East Asian summer season climate is investigated based on 11-summer integrations associated with different climate conditions with reanalysis data as the lateral boundary conditions. It is found that while the RCM is essentially unable to improve large-scale circulation patterns in the upper troposphere for most years, it is able to simulate better lower-level meridional moisture transport in the East Asian summer monsoon. For precipitation downscaling, the RCM produces more realistic magnitude of the interannual variation in most areas of East Asia than that in the reanalysis. Furthermore, the RCM significantly improves the spatial pattern of summer rainfall over dry inland areas and mountainous areas, such as Mongolia and the Tibetan Plateau. Meanwhile, it reduces the wet bias over southeast China. Over Mongolia, however, the performance of precipitation downscaling strongly depends on the year: the WRF is skillful for normal and wet years, but not for dry years, which suggests that land surface processes play an important role in downscaling ability. Over the dry area of North China, the WRF shows the worst performance. Additional sensitivity experiments testing land effects in downscaling suggest the initial soil moisture condition and representation of land surface processes with different schemes are sources of uncertainty for precipitation downscaling. Correction of initial soil moisture using the climatology dataset from GSWP-2 is a useful approach to robustly reducing wet bias in inland areas as well as to improve spatial distribution of precipitation. Despite the improvement on RCM downscaling, regional analyses reveal that accurate simulation of precipitation over East China, where the precipitation pattern is strongly influenced by the activity of the Meiyu/Baiu rainfall band, is difficult. Since the location of the rainfall band is closely associated with both lower-level meridional moisture transport and upper-level circulation structures, it is necessary to have realistic upper-air circulation patterns in the RCM as well as lower-level moisture transport in order to improve the circulation-associated convective rainfall band in East Asia. 相似文献
17.
The IAP 2-L AGCM is modified by introducing a set of climatological surface albedo data into the model for substituting the model’s original surface albedo parameterization. The comparison between the observations and the simulation results by the modified model shows that the general features of the East Asian summer monsoon can be well reproduced by the modified IAP 2-L AGCM. Especially for the simulation of monsoon precipitation, the modi-fied model can well reproduce not only the monthly mean features of the summer monsoon rainfall over East Asia, but also the stepwise advance and retreat of the East Asian summer monsoon rainbelt. Analysis results demonstrate that the good simulation of the monsoon rainfall is closely related to the reasonable simulation of the large scale gen-eral circulation over East Asian region, such as the western Pacific subtropical high, Asian monsoon low and the low level flows. The good performance of the modified model in the rainfall simulation shows its great potential to serve as a useful tool for the prediction of summer drought / flood events over East Asia. 相似文献
18.
On the atmospheric dynamical responses to land-use change in East Asian monsoon region 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This study aims at (1) exploring dominant atmospheric dynamical processes which are responsible for climate model-simulated land-use impacts on Asian monsoon; and (2) assessing uncertainty in such model simulations due to their skills in simulating detailed monsoon circulations in the region. Firstly, results from a series of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (BMRC) global model simulations of land-use vegetation changes (LUC) in China are analysed. The model showed consistent signals of changes in atmospheric low-level vertical profile and regional circulations responding to LUC. In northern winter, the model-simulated rainfall reduction and surface cooling are associated with an enhanced southward penetration of dry and cold air mass, which impedes warm and humid air reaching the region for generating cold-front rainfall. In its summer, an enhanced cyclonic circulation responding to LUC further blocks the northeast penetration of southwestly summer monsoon flow into the region and results in rainfall decreases and a surface warming. Secondly, we have explored uncertainties in the proposed mechanism operating in the global model. By comparing its results with a set of high-resolution regional model simulations using the same vegetation datasets, it reveals similar changes in winter rainfall but opposite features in summer rainfall responses. In the global model, there is a cyclonic low-level circulation pattern over the South China Sea and adjacent region, an unsatisfactory feature commonly seen in other global climate models. With the reduction in surface roughness following LUC, such a deficiency becomes more prominent which further results in a weakened south/southwestly summer monsoon flow and rainfall reduction. In contrast, in the regional model, its southwestly summer monsoon flow is further enhanced due to the same process as reduced surface roughness. The enhanced monsoon flow further pushes the East Asian monsoon rainfall belt more northward and increases summer rainfall in the Yangtze River region. This study highlights the need for better monsoon simulations in climate models to produce reliable climate change projections in the region. 相似文献
19.
利用1951—2006年全国715个站逐日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR逐日和月平均再分析资料, 以农作物生长角度为出发点, 采用过程透雨量 (20 mm) 标准确定4—10月出现6次及6次以上过程透雨量作为东亚夏季风区, 以北边缘历年波动范围确定夏季风边缘带, 根据连续透雨过程达到无旱标准来判断东亚夏季风的开始时间。主要分析了夏季风北边缘的年际、年代际变化特征和夏季风边缘带的变化范围以及夏季风边缘的推进过程和北边缘变化机制及其对我国降水的影响。结果表明:透雨标准较好地确定了边缘带位置, 夏季风北边缘呈现向南偏移的趋势, 边缘带范围有所扩大; 北边缘变化与偏南风强弱和水汽输送联系紧密, 并且对我国雨带的分布以及北方降水有一定影响, 北边缘偏北, 雨带偏北, 则华北降水偏多。 相似文献