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在全球气候变暖的背景下,持续的干旱事件将对生态系统和人类社会产生不利影响。尽管存在多源卫星遥感资料及多种干旱指数,然而区域和全球尺度干旱事件的监测仍具有挑战。采用TRMM（Tropical RainfallMeasuring Mission）数据量化降水异常、MODIS（Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer）归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）和陆表温度（Land Surface Temperature,LST）数据表征植被生长异常,构建了一种兼顾降水异常和植被生长状况异常的多传感器陆表干旱严重程度指数（Multi-sensorsDrought Severity Index,MDSI）。结果表明:MDSI 能够准确检测准全球范围（50°S～50°N,0°～180°～0°）的气象干旱事件,如亚马逊流域2005 和2010 年干旱、中国川渝地区2006 年干旱、中国云南2010 年干旱、非洲东部2011 年干旱、2012 年美国中部干旱等;MDSI 与PDSI（Palmer Drought Severity Index）呈现出大致相同的干湿空间格局,并且MDSI 有助于湿润地区干旱程度的检测。 相似文献
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基于气候系统内在层次性的气象干旱指数研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
气候系统除了具有非线性/非平稳性,还有层次性,许多大小不一的时空尺度构成了多层次结构,不同层次的气候系统具有不同的可预报性和稳定性。对于一种气象干旱指数而言,主要考虑从某一时段(尺度)内降水、温度、土壤湿度等要素测量值来建立干旱指数。本文首先从气候系统的非线性/非平稳性和内在层次性出发,针对中国不同地区的区域气候及其变化特征,使用信息熵方法从降水观测资料中提取出区域降水的两个(均态和变化)本征尺度,提出一种基于区域气候系统层次性内在特征的气象干旱指数MSPI。以2011年长江中下游春季严重气象干旱的发生、发展、持续、缓解情况为例,对MSPI的干旱监测能力进行检验。发现MSPI对不同程度的干旱都有较好的表征能力,并且对于干旱过程也有较好的识别能力。从各方面综合考虑,MSPI是一种可以较好满足逐日气象干旱监测、检测需求的气象干旱指数。在实际应用中,气象干旱指数MSPI可以作为其他不同时间尺度上的各种干旱指数的有益补充。 相似文献
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Assessment of global meteorological,hydrological and agricultural drought under future warming based on CMIP6 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jianxin Zeng Jiaxian Li Xingjie Lu Zhongwang Wei Wei Shangguan Shupeng Zhang Yongjiu Dai Shulei Zhang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(1):49-55
在全球变暖背景下,分析和预测干旱的变化趋势和传播规律对于区域生态环境安全和灾害管理具有重要意义.本文基于第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6),分析了SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5两种变暖情景下的气象(标准化降水指数SPI和标准化降水蒸发指数SPED,水文(标准化径流指数SRI)和农业(标准化土壤水分指数SSI)... 相似文献
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基于2000—2014年4—10月西藏气象站遥感干旱指数 (条件植被指数,VCI) 和气象干旱指数 (标准降水指数,SPI) 之间的相关性,评估植被对气象干旱的响应特征,通过分析气候环境要素对响应特征的影响并归纳相应规则,获取西藏地区植被对气象干旱有明显响应的区域分布。结果显示:VCI与12周时间尺度的SPI具有较强相关性,说明西藏地区植被生长对降水的响应大约滞后12周;植被对气象干旱响应不敏感的原因主要包括气候极度干燥或极度湿润、土地覆盖类型为森林、年平均归一化植被指数 (NDVI) 值过小、多年NDVI变化标准差过小、有降水之外的其他水源补给等;基于对区域气候环境要素特征的分析,可以得出西藏中部偏南地区植被对气象干旱有明显响应,主要包括拉萨地区、山南地区北部、日喀则地区东部、那曲地区中部和西南部、阿里地区的东南部。 相似文献
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Bin Li Hongbo Su Fang Chen Shenggong Li Jing Tian Yuchu Qin Renhua Zhang Shaohui Chen Yongming Yang Yuan Rong 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,111(3-4):401-415
Drought is one of the most costly natural disasters in the world. Understanding the drought characteristics in space and time will help deepen our apprehension of the drought formation and evolution mechanisms. It can also contribute to design monitoring system for drought warning and mitigation. In this study, we analyzed meteorological droughts, using the Standardized Precipitation Index, for Lancang River Basin, Southwest China. The 46-year (1960–2005) daily precipitation observations from 35 meteorological stations in the basin were used to derive the drought index. Spatial patterns and temporal patterns of the drought characteristics at multiple scales were investigated. The results utilizing the Principal Component Analysis and K-means clustering methods suggest that the study area can be divided into four sub-regions geographically with each sub-region having its own distinctive temporal evolution patterns of droughts. The temporal variability of droughts was investigated using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) analysis and the wavelet method. The EMD analysis showed that more than 60 % of the variance of the drought is associated with intra-decadal fluctuations in precipitation, except for one sub region, represented by the Changdu station. The wavelet transform showed an evolution of the main cycle near 3–7 years for most parts of the study area. 相似文献
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N. U. Ain M. Latif K. Ullah S. Adnan R. Ahmed M. Umar M. Azam 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2020,140(1):69-89
As a result of climate change and unsustainable land use management in the recent past, droughts have become one of the most devastating climatic hazards whose impacts may prolong from months to years. This study presents analysis of droughts for two major cropping seasons, i.e., Kharif (May–September) and Rabi (October–April), over the Potwar Plateau of Pakistan. The analysis is performed using various datasets viz. observational, reanalysis, and Regional Climate Models (RCMs), for the past (1981–2010) and future (2011–2100) time periods. The following two methods for the identification of dry and wet years, also referred to as drought and wetness, are applied: (1) the percentile rank approach and (2) the drought indices, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). Future projections of droughts are investigated using RCM (RegCM4.4 and RCA4) outputs from CORDEX South Asia domain under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Generally, the indices show non-significant decreasing trends of drought severity in the recent past for all cases; however, significant increasing trends are observed for annual (0.006) and Kharif (0.007) cases under RCP4.5 scenario. The analysis of large-scale atmospheric dynamics suggests the significant role of low-level geopotential height anomalies over Tibetan Plateau (northwest of Pakistan) during Kharif (Rabi) season in controlling drought occurrence by transporting moisture from the Bay of Bengal (Arabian Sea). Moreover, composites of vertically integrated moisture transport, moisture flux convergence/divergence, and precipitable water anomalies show their marked contribution in maintaining the drought/wetness conditions over the Potwar region. 相似文献
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In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation heterogeneity and meteorological drought/flood in China based on the precipitation-concentration degree (PCD) and the integrated meteorological drought index. We also studied the corresponding relationship between precipitation heterogeneity and meteorological drought/flood in China by using Spearman correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis. The results show that: (1) The severity of meteorological drought/flood exhibited a spatial pattern of gradual change from Northwest to Southeast China. (2) With a higher PCD and a delayed precipitation-concentration period (PCP), the drought severity was higher but the flood severity was lower. In contrast, with a lower PCD and an early PCP, the drought severity was lower and the flood severity was higher. (3) The correlation between meteorological drought/flood and PCD was significant. The higher the PCD, the longer the duration of drought and more frequently, the droughts occurred, and vice versa. It is concluded that PCD and PCP were significantly correlated with meteorological drought/flood in China. 相似文献
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基于降水量历史观测数据和气候模式预估数据,采用标准化降水量指数(Standandized Precipitation Index, SPI)识别干旱事件,从干旱发生的频率和强度特征分析其危险性,研究东北地区当前及未来不同气候变化情景下干旱时空变化特征。结果显示:(1)bcc-csm1-1对东北地区降水的模拟效果较好;(2)东北地区年降水量东南多西部少,未来远期较近期降水增幅更为明显,中、西部地区降水增幅略高于其他地区;(3)仅在RCP8.5情景下未来近期研究区中部地区干旱有加重的趋势,主要源于该时段夏季降水的变化,其余时段皆呈干旱危险性减弱。 相似文献
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Use of a land surface model to evaluate the observed soil moisture of grassland at the Tongyu reference site 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A land surface model driven by the continuous three-year observed meteorological data with a time interval of 30 minutes at the Tongyu station, a reference site of the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period （CEOP）, was used to evaluate the observation bias of soil moisture （SM） data and analyze the variation of SM at different time scales. The saline-alkaline soil of the grassland at the Tongyu site makes the measured SM too high, especially in boreal summer of 2003-05. The simulated annual mean SM has the lowest value in 2004 and its three-year variation corresponds to the change of precipitation, whereas the observation shows the increasing trend from 2003 to 2005. Compared to the variation range between -60% and 40% for the anomaly percentage of the simulated daily mean SM during May-October of 2004, the measured data show the higher values more than 40%. The magnitude of the variation trend of the observed daily mean SM in 2003 and 2005 is generally consistent with the simulation. The largest deficiency for the soil moisture observation of the grassland is the overestimated value in the drought year with less precipitation. The simulated monthly mean SM has the lowest value in March due to the large contribution of evaporation relative to precipitation and this phenomenon can not be reproduced in the observation. 相似文献
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Ling Zhang Xiuhua Zhu Klaus Fraedrich Frank Sielmann Xiefei Zhi 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(7-8):2239-2248
Interdecadal variability of observed winter precipitation in Southeast China (1961–2010) is characterized by the first empirical orthogonal function of the three-monthly Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) subjected to a 9-year running mean. For interdecadal time scales the dominating spatial modes represent monopole features involving the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Dynamic composite analysis (based on NCEP/NCAR reanalyzes) reveals the following results: (1) Interdecadal SPI-variations show a trend from a dryer state in the 1970s via an increase during the 1980s towards stabilization on wetter conditions commencing with the 1990s. (2) Increasing wetness in Southeast China is attributed to an abnormal anticyclone over south Japan, with northward transport of warm and humid air from the tropical Pacific to South China. (3) In mid-to-high latitudes the weakened southward flow of polar airmasses induces low-level warming over Eurasia due to stronger AO by warmer zonal temperature advection. This indicates that AO is attributed to the Southeast China precipitation increase influenced by circulation anomalies over the mid-to-high latitudes. (4) The abnormal moisture transport along the southwestern boundary of the abnormal anticyclone over south Japan is related to anomalous south-easterlies modulated by the SST anomalies over Western Pacific Ocean; a positive (negative) SST anomaly will strengthen (weaken) warm and humid air transport, leading to abundant (reduced) precipitation in Southeast China. That is both AO and SST anomalies determine the nonlinear trend observed in winter precipitation over Southeast China. 相似文献
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Global warming and 21st century drying 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Benjamin I. Cook Jason E. Smerdon Richard Seager Sloan Coats 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(9-10):2607-2627
Global warming is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts in the twenty-first century, but the relative contributions from changes in moisture supply (precipitation) versus evaporative demand (potential evapotranspiration; PET) have not been comprehensively assessed. Using output from a suite of general circulation model (GCM) simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, projected twenty-first century drying and wetting trends are investigated using two offline indices of surface moisture balance: the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). PDSI and SPEI projections using precipitation and Penman-Monteith based PET changes from the GCMs generally agree, showing robust cross-model drying in western North America, Central America, the Mediterranean, southern Africa, and the Amazon and robust wetting occurring in the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes and east Africa (PDSI only). The SPEI is more sensitive to PET changes than the PDSI, especially in arid regions such as the Sahara and Middle East. Regional drying and wetting patterns largely mirror the spatially heterogeneous response of precipitation in the models, although drying in the PDSI and SPEI calculations extends beyond the regions of reduced precipitation. This expansion of drying areas is attributed to globally widespread increases in PET, caused by increases in surface net radiation and the vapor pressure deficit. Increased PET not only intensifies drying in areas where precipitation is already reduced, it also drives areas into drought that would otherwise experience little drying or even wetting from precipitation trends alone. This PET amplification effect is largest in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes, and is especially pronounced in western North America, Europe, and southeast China. Compared to PDSI projections using precipitation changes only, the projections incorporating both precipitation and PET changes increase the percentage of global land area projected to experience at least moderate drying (PDSI standard deviation of ≤?1) by the end of the twenty-first century from 12 to 30 %. PET induced moderate drying is even more severe in the SPEI projections (SPEI standard deviation of ≤?1; 11 to 44 %), although this is likely less meaningful because much of the PET induced drying in the SPEI occurs in the aforementioned arid regions. Integrated accounting of both the supply and demand sides of the surface moisture balance is therefore critical for characterizing the full range of projected drought risks tied to increasing greenhouse gases and associated warming of the climate system. 相似文献
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呼伦贝尔市新旧综合气象干旱指数应用对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用呼伦贝尔市4个气象台站1972—2013年逐日气象观测资料,计算逐日新的综合气象干旱指数MCI与旧的综合气象干旱指数CI,并对比两种干旱指数统计出的干旱日数、干旱强度,以及根据相应标准统计出的干旱过程和与实际干旱发生情况的吻合程度,分析新旧指数的优劣。结果表明,由于CI没有区分逐日降水量在指数中的权重,从而造成其跳变要多于MCI,而且MCI引入了近150天降水量的SPI并区分了冬、夏半年的权重值,避免了干旱指数对呼伦贝尔市冬季、初春干旱评价过重的问题。结合呼伦贝尔市实际的气候特点和干旱灾害发生实况,MCI更符合实际,适合业务应用。 相似文献
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NDVI-Ts特征空间方法结合了卫星遥感地表反射率和热红外特性,能较好地反映一定时空尺度的地表干旱状况,该文基于Terra-MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(LST)产品,构建NDVI-Ts三角形特征空间,采用植被温度状态指数结合MODIS地表分类产品IGBP对黑龙江省2007年夏季干旱进行监测和分析。结果显示:此次夏季干旱的空间分布广,持续时间长,干旱程度重,西部松嫩平原和东部三江平原等地主要农作物产区普遍发生干旱,且旱情严重。结合同期地面气象观测的月降水量数据对监测结果进行验证和评估表明:植被温度状态指数是一项近实时的干旱监测指标,不仅与当地最近的降水事件有关,而且与前期一段时间内的总体降水事件相关,可以较真实地反映当地干旱发生、发展的动态过程。 相似文献
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利用1961—2018年中国西南地区312站降水观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及海表温度资料,采用夏季SPI(Standardized Precipitation Index)指数作为干旱指数,研究了西南地区夏季干旱变化特征及其与环流异常的联系。结果表明:西南地区夏季总体呈现变干趋势,尤其在云南、四川东南部干旱化趋势显著。当西南地区夏季显著干旱时,该地区对流层低层辐散、上层辐合,且向该地区的水汽输送偏少。造成西南地区干旱维持的原因可归结为大气波动活动异常和海温异常强迫。前者通过西风带扰动向下游的能量频散,为西南地区低层辐散、上层辐合的环流异常的形成和维持提供了必要的扰动能量积聚;后者通过热带西北太平洋异常热源对大气的强迫,使得该地区对流层低层(上层)形成异常辐合(辐散),在西南地区和热带西北太平洋形成了斜向垂直环流,使西南地区受下沉气流控制,从而形成了利于降水显著偏少和干旱发生并维持的条件。 相似文献
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利用降水量距平百分率(PA)、标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)、自适应帕默尔干旱指数(scPDSI)和气象干旱综合指数(MCI)四种气象干旱指数，进行变化趋势、相关性和干旱频率的分析，并与历史灾情进行对比，来研究1961—2020年新疆不同区域干旱指数适用性。结果表明，scPDSI和MCI指数显著上升，干旱程度呈减轻趋势，其干旱监测结果一致率高。PA指数变化趋势均平稳，但与其他三种干旱指数在全频域和高频域干旱监测结果一致率较好。SPEI指数在东疆和南疆东部区域显著下降，干旱程度呈加重趋势，与其它三种指数低频域干旱监测结果存在显著负相关。干旱频率分析结果显示，PA指数的特旱等级判定存在异常情况，特别是南疆和东疆。与历史灾情对比结果显示，MCI指数是对干旱灾害反映最好的。总体上，MCI指数在新疆地区的适用性要优于其它三种干旱指数。近60年来，全疆不同区域的MCI指数均呈上升趋势，各区域的干旱程度均有所减轻。空间上，新疆西北部发生干旱显著比南疆和东疆区域概率大。全疆不同区域在1962—1967年、1974—1977年、1989—1991年、1997年、2020年均发生干旱，并且主要集中在春夏两季较多，其中北疆西部和伊犁河谷区域易出现干旱灾情。 相似文献
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In this relatively unprecedented study, the effects of thirty-four leading teleconnection Patterns (indices) of atmospheric circulation- on regional-scale for the Middle East- along with precipitation over Iran have been investigated. Different types of data including teleconnection Indices from NOAA (NCEP/NCAR, BOM) and monthly precipitation data from thirty-six synoptic stations of Iran were applied. The data have been investigated with various types of statistical and synoptical methods. The results indicate that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most effective factor and it could possibly influence the spatiotemporal variation of precipitation on all types of climate regimes in Iran. ENSO (nino3.4), The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and The Arctic oscillation (AO) are known as the first three important indices, determined by Principal component analysis (PCA) method. The research has clarified that a combination of warm phase of ENSO and a predominant Southeastern (SE) wind over the Indian Ocean can result in a significant moisture transport from the Indian Ocean to the Middle East and to Iran; a combination of cold phase of ENSO and a predominant Northwestern (NW) wind over the Indian Ocean can be followed by a widespread drought over the Middle East and Iran. The results also indicate that a combination of the first three important above-mentioned indices and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can provide a much better explanation for spatial and temporal variation of precipitation of Iran. Finally, the results of this study will enable us to present a new approach and new graphical-conceptual modeling, called "Teleconnection-Synoptic Method (TSM)"to clarify the underlying mechanism that can explain the spatial and temporal variations of global atmospheric circulation and precipitation of Iran. According to the correlation of different patterns with precipitation, the strongest relationships are related to the Scandinavia Index (SCN), Pressure Change in East Pacific (dPEPac) and Trade Wind Index at the 850 hPa (TrdWnd850), respectively. 相似文献
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采用1961—2014年逐月全球标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI)数据集、ORA-S4海温资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对华南地区秋季干旱的年代际转折及其与热带印度洋热含量的关系进行了研究。结果表明:华南秋季SPEI主要表现为全区一致变化型,且具有明显的年代际变化特征,在1988年发生了年代际转折,转折后(前)为偏旱(涝)期。进一步分析表明,华南秋季SPEI与同期热带西印度洋海洋热含量变化呈显著的正相关关系,即当秋季热带西印度洋热含量偏低时,华南地区SPEI偏小,易发生干旱。热带西印度洋热含量异常影响华南秋季干旱的可能机制为:秋季热带印度洋热含量变化表现为""型的东西向偶极子分布,即当热带西印度洋热含量偏低时,热带东印度洋热含量将会偏高;而热带东印度洋热含量偏高将会使热带东印度洋—西太平洋海表温度偏高、外逸长波辐射偏小、降水增多,凝结潜热释放增强,产生偏强的东亚Hadley环流,使华南地区存在异常下沉运动,不利于产生降水;热带东印度洋—西太平洋海表温度偏高,还会使西北太平洋副热带高压位置偏西、面积偏大,西北太平洋存在气旋性环流异常,使华南地区受偏北气流异常控制,从而削弱了向华南地区的水汽输送。热带东印度洋—西太平洋海表温度年代际变化是热带西印度洋热含量异常影响华南秋旱年代际变化的重要环节,因此用NCAR CAM5.1全球大气环流模式进行了热带东印度洋—西太平洋海表温度年代际变化的敏感性试验,证实该区海表温度年代际升高对华南秋季年代际干旱具有重要作用。 相似文献