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形成2015年浙江省梅汛期暴雨的控制环流及梅雨锋结构 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
本文利用NCEP/NCAR全球再分析逐日资料、地面观测资料和自动站降水资料,在分析了2015年浙江省梅汛期强降水特征、水汽输送和局地环流的基础上,从西南季风进退、副热带高压、南亚高压及西风带波动等方面对2015年形成梅汛期暴雨的控制环流进行了分析。结果表明：2015年整个浙江省梅汛期降水量较常年显著偏多,浙江中部地区降水量比历史同期偏多接近一倍。丰沛的水汽从孟加拉湾经中南半岛向东输送,与西太平洋副热带高压西侧的西南气流相合并,在梅雨锋南侧形成异常辐合,为强降水提供了水汽条件。这次持续强降水由三次强降水过程构成并由西风辐合型锋生引起。第二次强降水过程中大气强对流性不稳定利于梅雨锋上中尺度对流系统发展,导致强降水呈现明显的局地性。而第一次和第三次过程中梅雨带附近大气基本处于对流稳定或中性,以斜压性降水为主。在对流层低层,副高较常年偏东偏南,其西北侧西南暖湿气流与北侧冷空气交汇于浙江省,利于梅汛期强降水集中期的出现。在对流层上层的南亚高压较常年位置偏东,其北侧的西风急流强度偏强,东亚急流核入口区右侧的强辐散利于造成强烈的上升运动。在对流层中层,贝加尔湖阻高的东侧有明显的波动能量向东向南传播并在长江中下游积聚,利于浙江地区扰动的维持,形成持续稳定的梅雨锋和中低空切变线,造成梅雨强降水过程的持续。2015年春夏季热带中东太平洋海温正异常分布有利于梅汛期降水偏多的异常环流的形成。 相似文献
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2011年浙江梅汛期前后旱涝急转形势及梅雨锋结构特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2011年浙江省出现了自1999年以来最典型、最强的梅雨降水集中期,连续4次强降水过程造成旱涝急转.本文利用NCEP再分析资料对2011年浙江梅汛期前后大尺度环流背景进行了分析并与历史同期进行了对比,同时又对4次强降水过程的梅雨锋结构进行了诊断分析.结果表明:(1)中高纬环流急转前后都具有很大的经向度,但由急转前的“三槽三脊”转变为“两槽一脊”,梅汛期为单阻形势,贝加尔湖阻塞高压前的西北气流为梅雨提供了冷空气条件.梅汛期印缅槽和西太平洋副热带高压较急转前明显加深、加强,偏强的印缅槽和西太平洋副热带高压有利于在副热带高压西北侧建立持久、稳定的水汽通道,西南气流与偏东气流在浙江构成准纬向切变,使得大量暖湿气流辐合上升,青藏高压北侧的偏北大风造成高层强烈辐散,这都为暴雨提供了良好的动力和水汽条件.(2)暴雨主要出现在梅雨锋前沿,梅雨锋区的上升运动与南北两支下沉气流相配合,北支携带冷空气向梅雨锋输送,南支与梅雨锋区上升气流构成经向垂直反环流,加强了锋区的上升运动.(3)4次暴雨过程梅雨锋都为相当位温密集带,在对流层低层垂直方向上近似直立分布.由于受冷空气影响,第一、三、四次过程梅雨锋区具有较明显的温度梯度,低层锋区向北倾斜;相反,没有冷空气的作用,第二次过程锋区无温度梯度,梅雨锋向南倾斜. 相似文献
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利用NCAR/NCEP月平均再分析资料,探讨夏季西太平洋副热带高压异常时东亚热带季风、梅雨锋及中高纬环流的变化特征.研究表明:夏季西太平洋副热带高压脊线异常偏南或脊点异常偏西时,东亚夏季风环流偏弱,850 hPa矢量风距平场上东亚热带地区出现反气旋性环流,副热带地区呈气旋性环流,500 hPa垂直速度距平场上东亚热带地区上升运动减弱,梅雨锋区上升运动加强,500 hPa高度上东亚高纬鄂霍次克海区域出现阻塞高压,高纬冷空气直达中纬度,梅雨锋扰动加强,造成江淮流域汛期降水偏多.夏季西太平洋副热带高压脊线异常偏北或脊点异常偏东时,东亚夏季风环流偏强,东亚大气环流系统的活动出现了与上述情况相反的异常型,江淮流域汛期降水偏少. 相似文献
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利用ERA5再分析资料和江苏省自动站降水数据等,结合江苏地区入、出梅标准,分析了2020年江苏省梅雨的时空分布异常特征,从梅雨特征量和大尺度环流因子等特征,揭示了梅雨异常的关键因子,并对暴雨日的大尺度环流特征进行合成分析,得到影响梅汛期暴雨的关键环流因子。结果表明:(1)2020年江苏省梅雨时空分布显著异常,入梅早、出梅晚,梅期达51 d,比常年平均多出一倍;沿江以南和沿淮东部地区梅雨总量为常年平均的2.5倍;梅汛期共15个暴雨日,强降水持续时间长,区域范围大,整体雨强大。(2)梅雨特征量较好的反映了江苏省梅雨的入出梅时间,当特征量显著增强北抬对梅雨期的开始有较好指示意义,当特征量再次北抬,则梅雨季结束,各特征量均呈现一致的时间变化特征。特征量在梅雨期间的异常波动均与暴雨过程相对应,2020年梅雨特征量的多个异常高值中心反映了梅雨期暴雨过程频繁、降水极端性强的特征。(3)梅雨期间大尺度环流形势异常,西太平洋副热带高压呈显著正异常,强度偏强,脊点偏西,引导其西北侧的西南暖湿气流向江淮地区输送,同时北方位势高度偏低,东北冷涡强度略偏强,浅槽活动频繁,携弱冷空气南下与暖湿气流交汇,形成稳定维持的梅雨锋,是超强梅雨形成的主要环流因子(4)印度洋和孟加拉湾、西北太平洋是江苏省梅汛期暴雨的重要水汽源地,通过强烈的西南风,将暖湿气流向长江下游地区输送,配合上空的强烈辐合抬升运动,导致该地区水汽积聚并稳定维持,有利于出现梅汛期暴雨天气。 相似文献
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马斯克林高压对江淮地区梅汛期降水的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1951-2002年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国160站月降水资料,分析了马斯克林高压对江淮梅雨期降水的影响.结果表明:当年4-5月马斯克林高压对6-7月江淮梅汛期降水的影响最大,江淮地区梅雨与前期春季马斯克林高压存在显著正相关关系,梅汛期的大气环流与春季马斯克林高压联系紧密,春季马斯克林高压偏强,则东亚夏季风偏强、副热带高压偏强、副高西脊点偏西、副高北界偏南,有利于江淮地区梅汛期降水增加;反之亦然.研究还表明,马斯克林高压对江淮南部地区梅汛期降水影响较大,对江淮北部不明显. 相似文献
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利用NCEP2.5°×2.5°再分析资料、NOAA的OLR资料、常规观测降水资料以及历史梅雨特征指数等资料,系统地分析了2011年梅汛期南亚高压、副热带高压、季风和对流系统等的演变特征,以揭示2011年梅雨期降水异常的成因。分析表明： 2011年入梅和出梅均偏早,旱涝急转迅速,降水集中,梅雨总量异常偏多;南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压北跳、500 hPa西风带环流的调整、西南季风北涌至长江流域的时间均早于常年是2011年入梅偏早的原因。ITCZ的北抬伴随强热带风暴“米雷”北上引起副热带高压的北抬东退是出梅偏早的主要原因;南亚高压和副热带高压位置和强度迅速调整,同时中高纬度环流也快速调整,西南季风和水汽输送也由弱转强,使得长江中下游地区由受冬季风控制迅速转为冷暖气流的汇合地,且此期间大气层结不稳定,降水强度大。以上原因导致该区域出现迅速的旱涝急转;梅雨期间,西太平洋副热带高压和高空西风急流稳定偏强,强盛的季风涌、中高纬度冷空气和青藏高原对流扰动东传的有利配置导致了2011年梅雨总量异常偏多。 相似文献
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1997年江淮梅雨的分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
１９９７年江淮梅雨姗姗来迟,汉品以东的长江中、下流地区和江淮流域梅雨量偏少４－５成,对照历史上５０年江淮梅雨资料分析：１９９７年梅雨,属迟梅、旱梅。作者通过对西太平洋副热带高压、西风带环流特征的分析,认为１９９７年具有历史上同类迟梅、旱梅的环流特征;并应用４０年长江中、下游地区梅雨总量Ｍ值（梅雨旱、涝指数）的非整数波动率谱的分析,１９９７年梅汛期出现旱是符合Ｍ值周期演变规律的,对梅雨期副热带高压的 相似文献
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利用全国756站逐日降水资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了1961—2011年我国东部汛期持续性降水30~90 d低频变化特征及其与大气低频振荡的联系。结果表明,华南地区降水偏多型是汛期持续性降水低频变化的主导模态。对流层低层位势高度负异常和气旋型环流异常,以及高层略向北偏移的环流异常为华南汛期持续性降水低频变化提供了大尺度形势场。当西太平洋副热带高压脊线维持在22°N附近时,来自孟加拉湾和南海的水汽输送维持了华南地区汛期持续性降水活跃位相,向东北传播的副热带大气低频振荡系统对华南汛期持续性降水具有调制作用。此外,华南汛期降水低频变化还具有南北迁移的经向演变特征。 相似文献
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引言 浙江省1995年梅汛期天气特点为:1.雨带活动异常,2.平均气温偏低,3.降水总量偏多。分析北半球环流形势发现:梅汛期内副热带高压的异常活动和北方冷空气的异常活跃对我省梅汛期内上述天气特点的出现起主导作用。而北方冷空气的异常活跃则直接源于今年梅汛期内伸向亚洲的极涡槽的异常偏强。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献