共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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采用区域对比的试验方法,选取1991年至1998年春、秋季试验作业区和对比区内测站逐时历史降水资料,对历史增雨作业效果进行了评估.统计检验结果表明,河南省1991年至1998年春、秋季人工增雨效果分别为20.05%、13.22%,总平均效果为16.63%. 相似文献
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以１９７９－１９８８年春、秋季山东逐时降雨量为历史序列资料，采用区域控制模拟试验方法对１９８９－１９９１年山东部分地区飞机人工增雨效果进行检验。检验的结果与序列试验、区域对比试验、历史回归试验进行比较，认为区域控制模拟试验产生的假效果小，优于其它方案 相似文献
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新疆天山山区人工增雨试验效果评价 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
根据历史水文资料，对统计变量的选择和排序进行研究，提出了一个选择按连续方式排序的旬流量作为统计变量进行人工增雨效果评价的新方法。结果表明，乌鲁木齐河流域在区域回归试验中，可在9年的试验期内，以0．05的统计显著性水平检测出仅为历史期平均流量4．3％的人工增雨效果，明显提高了统计检验的功效。应用这一方法，对1994-2002年夏季6～8月在新疆天山山区乌鲁木齐河流域进行人工增雨试验的效果做了检验，得出增雨期间乌鲁木齐河平均流量增长3．5％，统计显著性水平0．035；降雨量增长19．9％，显著性水平0．005。 相似文献
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陕西飞机人工增雨效果统计检验方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用针对陕西省飞机人工增雨作业特点设计的区域回归统计方案,对2002、2003、2006年春、秋季飞机增雨分别进行效果分析,结果表明:春季11架次08?20时平均增雨量1.6 mm,作业后3 h平均增雨量0.3 mm;秋季13架次08?20时平均增雨量3.6 mm,作业后3 h平均增雨量1.3 mm;通过成对试验符号秩和检验,显著性水平均优于5%,表明作业效果显著;分析结果说明了统计方案的可行性。基于该区域回归统计方案开发的飞机增雨效果评估系统,实现对增雨效果的及时、客观、定量评估。 相似文献
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四川省飞机人工增雨效果评述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文分析了四川省人工增雨的潜力，概述四川省飞机人工增雨的效益，并通过对效果检验方法的分析．对四川省1998年飞机人工增雨效果的计算得出增雨率．并对如何更准确评价增雨效果提出新的思路。 相似文献
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鸭河口水库流域高炮人工增雨试验效果评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1998，1999年夏季在鸭河口水库流域进行了高炮人工增雨作业试验，结果表明，借助雷达引导，选择适当作业时机，高炮增雨作用一般可增雨20％－40％。 相似文献
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Yonghui Yang Masataka Watanabe Zhiping Wang Yasuo Sakura Changyuan Tang 《Climatic change》2003,57(1-2):163-183
The WAVES model was used to simulate the effect of global warming on soil moisture on the semi-arid Taihang Mountain in China. Parameters of the WAVES model were first adjusted according to soil moisture data from a field global warming experiment. Then, the reliability of WAVES in predicting soil moisture changes induced by climatic change was confirmed by comparing the simulated and observed soil moisture values under different climatic conditions and plant growth rates of another field treatment. Next, 10 climate change scenarios incorporating increases in temperature and changes in precipitation were designed. When a simulation was conducted using the leaf area index (LAI) growth pattern from a field experiment under the present climatic conditions, the results suggested that the combination of temperature increase and precipitation decrease would greatly decrease soil water content throughout the entire simulation period. On the other hand, only when precipitation increased by 20% and temperatureincreased by 2 °C, the effect of precipitation increase on soil moisture was obviously positive. Although soil moisture conditions in the T2P1 (temperature increase by 2 °C and precipitation increase by 10%) and T4P2 (temperature increase by 4 °C and precipitation increase by 20%) scenarios were slightly better during the rainy season and notmuch changed before the rainy season, the positive effect of 10%precipitation increase on soil moisture was totally offset by moisture decrease caused bya 4 °C temperature increase in the T4P1 scenario. At the same time, the trends of soil-moisture change were highly coincident with predicted changes in productivity. Finally, the predicted LAI values from other studies were combined with the climatic change scenarios and used in the simulation. The results showed that changes in LAI alleviated, at least to some extent, the effects of temperature and precipitation changes on soil moisture. 相似文献
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Here we investigate simulated changes in the precipitation climate over the Baltic Sea and surrounding land areas for the period 2071–2100 as compared to 1961–1990. We analyze precipitation in 10 regional climate models taking part in the European PRUDENCE project. Forced by the same global driving climate model, the mean of the regional climate model simulations captures the observed climatological precipitation over the Baltic Sea runoff land area to within 15% in each month, while single regional models have errors up to 25%. In the future climate, the precipitation is projected to increase in the Baltic Sea area, especially during winter. During summer increased precipitation in the north is contrasted with a decrease in the south of this region. Over the Baltic Sea itself the future change in the seasonal cycle of precipitation is markedly different in the regional climate model simulations. We show that the sea surface temperatures have a profound impact on the simulated hydrological cycle over the Baltic Sea. The driving global climate model used in the common experiment projects a very strong regional increase in summertime sea surface temperature, leading to a significant increase in precipitation. In addition to the common experiment some regional models have been forced by either a different set of Baltic Sea surface temperatures, lateral boundary conditions from another global climate model, a different emission scenario, or different initial conditions. We make use of the large number of experiments in the PRUDENCE project, providing an ensemble consisting of more than 25 realizations of climate change, to illustrate sources of uncertainties in climate change projections. 相似文献
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天气现象仪自动化观测资料对比分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍2011年12月至2012年6月在北京市观象台、庐山气象局对目前一些天气现象仪所进行的对比观测试验的过程和结果分析。参与此次为期7个月的对比观测试验仪器有3种类型,每种类型配备3套,分别由3家厂商提供。试验采用人工目测辅助摄像作为参考标准,测试了这些天气现象仪对各种不同天气现象观测的准确性。结果表明:各仪器观测降水现象的数据准确性均大于90%,能够满足业务需求。区分降水强度时,各仪器的降水捕获率在70%以上(雨强大于0.01mm/h);微量降水(雨强小于0.01mm/h)和混合型降水,各仪器降水捕获率相对较低。仪器观测视程障碍现象的数据准确性均大于80%,能够满足业务需求。其他现象由于样本数量相对较少,需要更多进一步试验,并改进算法。 相似文献
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Potential changes in precipitation extremes in July–August over China in response to CO 2 doubling are analyzed based on the output of 24 coupled climate models from the Twentieth-Century Climate in Coupled Models (20C3M) experiment and the 1% per year CO 2 increase experiment (to doubling) (1pctto2x) of phase 3 of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP3). Evaluation of the models’ performance in simulating the mean state shows that the majority of models fairly reproduce the broad spatial pattern of observed precipitation. However, all the models underestimate extreme precipitation by ～50%. The spread among the models over the Tibetan Plateau is ～2–3 times larger than that over the other areas. Models with higher resolution generally perform better than those with lower resolutions in terms of spatial pattern and precipitation amount. Under the 1pctto2x scenario, the ratio between the absolute value of MME extreme precipitation change and model spread is larger than that of total precipitation, indicating a relatively robust change of extremes. The change of extreme precipitation is more homogeneous than the total precipitation. Analysis on the output of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled climate model version 2.1 (GFDL-CM2.1) indicates that the spatially consistent increase of surface temperature and water vapor content contribute to the large increase of extreme precipitation over contiguous China, which follows the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship. Whereas, the meridionally tri-polar pattern of mean precipitation change over eastern China is dominated by the change of water vapor convergence, which is determined by the response of monsoon circulation to global warming. 相似文献
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利用江苏省13个气象观测站历史上短时强降水观测资料,用遗传算法进行特征选择,选定影响短时强降水的950 hPa假相当位温、700 hPa比湿、500 hPa比湿、对流有效势能(Convective Available Potential Energy,CAPE)等14个特征为主要因素,将是否为短时强降水抽象成二元分类问题。借助机器学习中CART决策树算法进行分类分析,构建便于使用的短时强降水预报规则集。实验部分,随机选择5816条样本进行训练模型,得到适合江苏地区的短时强降水规则集,利用剩余的1454条数据进行实际检验,模型的短时强降水预报准确率为91.35%,非强降水预报准确率为97.11%,较特征选择之前分别提升了8.66%和1.05%。 相似文献
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Yoo-Jun KIM So-Ra IN Hae-Min KIM Jin-Hwa LEE Kyu Rang KIM Seungbum KIM Byung-Gon KIM 《大气科学进展》2021,38(3):413-429
This study investigates the characteristics of cold clouds and snowfall in both the Yeongdong coastal and mountainous regions under different meteorological conditions based on the integration of numerical modeling and three-hourly rawinsonde observations with snow crystal photographs for a snowfall event that occurred on 29?30 January 2016.We found that rimed particles predominantly observed turned into dendrite particles in the latter period of the episode when the 850 hPa temperature decreased at the coastal site,whereas the snow crystal habits at the mountainous site were largely needle or rimed needle.Rawinsonde soundings showed a well-defined,two-layered cloud structure along with distinctive wind-directional shear,and an inversion in the equivalent potential temperature above the low-level cloud layer.The first experiment with a decrease in lower-layer temperature showed that the low-level cloud thickness was reduced to less than 1.5 km,and the accumulated precipitation was decreased by 87%compared with the control experiment.The difference in precipitation amount between the single-layered experiment and control experiment(two-layered)was not so significant to attribute it to the effect of the seeder?feeder mechanism.The precipitation in the last experiment by weakening winddirectional shear was increased by 1.4 times greater than the control experiment specifically at the coastal site,with graupel particles accounting for the highest proportion(~62%).The current results would improve snowfall forecasts in complicated geographical environments such as Yeongdong in terms of snow crystal habit as well as snowfall amount in both time and space domains. 相似文献
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基于动力相似方法的台风极端降水概率预报研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用动力与统计相结合的方法,对台风引起的极端降水事件进行概率预报方法的研究,回算并评估了25个在2012—2015年间登陆中国的台风。此外,还对该预报方法的相似成员数和有效概率阈值进行了敏感性试验。试验结果显示,该台风极端降水概率预报方法具有一定的预报技巧,能准确预报多数产生极端降水的站点,但预报范围略偏大,空报率较高。相似成员数的敏感性试验表明,100%的相似成员数比率具有更优的预报效果;在相似成员数比率为100%的基础上,24 h预报的有效概率阈值在0%~2%之间的预报效果最好,48 h的有效概率阈值在0%~1.5%之间的预报效果最好。最后对“苏迪罗”和“海鸥”两个台风进行个例预报试验,结果表明对不同个例,预报效果存在较大差异。 相似文献
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使用CCSM3（community climate system model version 3）模式的＂淡水扰动试验＂结果,对热盐环流强度减弱后中国区域冬、夏气候的不同响应特征进行了研究。结果表明：CCSM3可较为准确地再现中国附近区域表面气温及降水量的量值和分布形态。当热盐环流年平均强度减弱约80%之后,中国区域冬、夏季的表面气温与降水量显著降低,但冬、夏季的降低幅度与空间分布形态存在显著的差异。冬季的降温幅度较大且分布较为一致,平均降温幅度可达2.2℃,最大的降温幅度可达4℃;夏季的降温幅度相对较小且南北差异较大,平均降温幅度为1.3℃,最大的降温幅度为3℃。冬、夏季降水量的降低幅度都在6%左右,但其成因及其分布形态都存在显著差异。 相似文献